• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

Arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. In the present study, the gene encoding ASST was cloned from a genomic library copy of Citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pGEM3Zf(-) and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homologyl they were designated as astA and dsbA, respectively. The amino acid sequence of astA deduced from C. freundii was highly similar to that of the Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter amnigenus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas putida, and Campylobacter jejuni, encoded by the astA genes. However, the ASST activity assay revealed different acceptor specificities. Using p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS) as a donor substrate, $\alpha$-naphthol was found to be the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine and tyrosine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.142-142
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• 1993

생쥐에서 sulfotransferase 생산 군주를 검색한 결과 호기성균보다 혐기성균이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 것은 전번 보고와 일치한다. 황산전이효소 생산 균주 검색용 배지에서 형광을 나타내는 호기성 균주를 분리하여 K-12라 명하였다. 동정한 결과 K-12균주는 그람 음성으로 운동성이 없는 통성혐기성 균주인 Haemophilus sp.로 사료된다. 이 균주의 황산전이효소 생산성은 공여체 기질만을 배지에 첨가했을때 가장 높은 생산성을 보였다. 탄소원으로는 sucrose와 lactose를 사용했을때 가장 높은 효소유도를 보였으며, 질소원으로는 yeast extract, peptone이 우수하였다. 배양최적 pH는 7부근이었으며 온도는 37$^{\circ}C$가 가장 좋았다. 금속이온으로는 $Mg^{2＋}$이 우수했다. 최적 배지 10 L에 K-12 균주를 배양하여, 집균 초음파 처리, 원심분리한 상등액을 70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 2회, Sephcryl S-300 superfine column chromatography를 행한 결과 specific activity가 0.267 $\mu$mole/min/mg protein인 효소를 부분 정제하였다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1993

Approximately 1% of intestinal bacteria of human and rats was alkalotolerant. Among these bacteria of human, bacteria producing $\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase and sulfotransferase were 40%, 4% and 0%, respectively. Among alkalotolerant intestinal bacteria of rats, bacteria producing, these enzymes were 70%, 8% and 0%, respectively. $\beta$-Glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase of alkalotolerant intestinal bacteria of human and rat were induced by the medium of high pH: these enzymes activities were increased by elevating pH of the medium, but the growths were not changed. The enzyme activities at the medium of pH 7 were about ten-fold higher than those at the medium of pH 6.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.156.2-156.2
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• 2000

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

Purified rat liver aryl sulfotransferase IV (AST IV) was found to be inhibited in vitro by zinc, copper, cadmium and terbium. Among these four elements, zinc, copper and cadmium were all strongly inhibitory to the AST IV activity at very low concentrations (2.5 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M). In rat liver cytosol, zinc, copper and cadmium at 25 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M also decreased the AST IV activity to $50\%$ of the controls. In order to assess the possible effects of these metals on the AST IV activity recovery pattern in vivo, studies on the relationship between these minerals and dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene were conducted. Total of forty rats were fed one of five diets for 6 weeks: diet 1, Control diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene ($0.05\%$); diet 2, zinc-deficient diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene; diet 3, zinc-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 4, copper-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 5, cadmium-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene. Half of the rats from each diet were changed to individual diet after 3 weeks of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding. Placement of rats on the control diet following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks without 2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in nearly full recovery of AST IV activity within 3 or 4 weeks. However, the rats fed diets that supplemented with zinc, copper or cadmium without 2-acetylaminofluorene showed a new pattern of lowered AST IV activity as early as the first cycle. Also, lowering in cytosolic AST IV contents was appeared in the livers from the rats, following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks, fed one of the diets that supplemented with copper, cadmium or zinc without 2-acetylaminofluorene for ensuing 3 weeks.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.181.1-181.1
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• 2001

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2006

Aryl sulfotransferase (AST) IV is a liver enzyme involved in detoxication and has been shown to be susceptible to down regulation by a number of hepatotoxic xenobiotics. Studies presented here to investigate the ability of biological and non-biological divalent metal cations on AST IV activity showed that AST IV was strongly inhibited following in vitro or in vivo exposure to. Zn ( II ), Co ( II ) or Cd ( II ). It was found that $0.025\sim$2.5 uM of these metal ions were sufficient to cause $50\%$ of inhibition in vitro in purified AST IV and $0.25\sim$25 uM of these metal ions in liver cytosolic fractions. For the in vivo study, 1,000 mg Cu ( II )/kg, 2,000 mg Zn ( II )/kg or 250 mg Cd( II )/kg was added to individual diets and administered to three (3) group; of mts over a 7 week period The Co ( II )-supplemented diet produced no apparent change in rat growth rate and resulted in 30-fold increase in liver cytotolic Cu ( II ) levels, suggesting that elevated levels of Cu ( II ) ion in the liver were responsible for the loss of AST IV activity. In contrast, the Zn ( II )-supplemented diet caused a decrease in rat growth rates and resulted in zero increase in liver Zn ( II ) levels, which suggested an indirect inhibition mechanism was caused by Zn ( II ) in the liver. Rats were fed the Cd-supplemented diet also displayed a decrease in growth rate with little or no change in liver Cu ( II ) or Zn ( II ) levels. When the liver cytosols of mts from the metal ion diets were immunochemically analyzed for the AST IV and albumin contents, no significant changes were observed in albumin levels. However, AST IV contents in the cytosols of mts fed the Zn ( II )-supplemented diets showed a slight decrease in amount These results showed that AST IV activity in vitro and in vivo can be inhibited by Co ( II ), Zn ( II ), and Cd ( II ) by apparently different mechanisms. The immediate response to a Zn injection showed a decrease in AST IV activity but not in the AST IV content in liver cytosol. These mechanisms appeared to involve direct actions of the metal ion on AST IV activity and indirect actions affecting AST IV amount.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.233.2-233
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang) on alcoholic liver damage by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment; the rats were divided into a control group, alcohol group and Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group. Ethanol was orally administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the alcohol group. Water without ethanol was administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the control group. Ethanol + Chungganhaeju-tang extract was orally administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group. The livers of each group were processed and we investigated histology, OxyBlot, 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and western blot of liver of each group. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, the alcohol group showed portal fibrosis with a few septa or without septa. The Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group showed no fibrosis or portalfibrosis without septa. In the OxyBlot finding, Chungganhaeju-tangprevented liver damage by oxidation. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), glucose regulated protein, 58 kDa (GRP58K), aryl sulfotransferase, sulfotransferase family 1A, member 2, similar to acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like, and catalase were changed. Conclusion : Chungganhaeju-tangexerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and oxidation induced by alcohol in rat liver cell, and some proteins induced by alcohol were changed by Chungganhaeju-tang.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.51-66
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• 2006

The field of cytochrome P450 pharmacogenomics has progressed rapidly during the past 25 years. Recently, conjugating enzymes including sulfotransferase, acetyltransferase, glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione transferase have been also extensively studied. All the major human drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes and some conjugating enzymes have been identified and cloned, and the major gene variants that cause inter-individual variability in drug response and are related to adverse drug reactions have been identified. This information now provides the basis for the use of predictive pharmacogenomics to yield drug therapies that are more efficient and safer. Today, we understand which drugs warrant dosing based on pharmacogenomics to improve drug treatment. It is anticipated that genotyping could be used to personalize drug treatment for vast numbers of subjects, decreasing the cost of drug treatment and increasing the efficacy of drugs and health in general. It is assumed that such personalized P450 gene-based treatment which is so-called tailor(order)-made drug therapy would be relevant for 10-20% of all drug therapy in the future.