• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study focused on establishing a natural rainwater circulation system using rainwater meant for relatively large urban development projects such as a new town development. In particular, when the location selection techniques for individual elements of a natural rainwater circulation system are developed for the integrated rainwater management, changes in hydrological environment will be minimized and the natural water circulation would be restored to realize the low impact development (LID). In that case, not only the excess will be reduced but water space and green areas in a city would also increase to improve the urban sustainability. First of all, there were five elements selected for the location selection of a rainwater circulation system intended for the integrated rainwater management: rainwater collection, infiltration, filtration, retention and movement spaces. After generating these items, the location selection items and criteria were defined for each of the five elements. For a technique to apply the generated evaluation items and criteria, a grid cell analysis was conducted based m the suitability index theory, and thematic maps were overlapped through suitability assessment of each element and graded based on the suitability index. The priority areas were identified for each element. The developed technique was applied to a site where Gim-cheon Innovation City development is planned to review its feasibility and limitations. The combined score of the overlapped map for each element was separated into five levels: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Finally, it was concluded that creating a rainwater circulation system conceptual map m the current land use plan based on the outcome of the application would be useful in building a water circulation system at the de1ailed space planning stage after environmental and ecological planning. Furthermore, we use the results of this study as a means for environment-friendly urban planning for sustainable urban development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.617-632
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• 1995

Nowadays, most big hospitals have a computer system to manage their administration. For maxi mum effectiveness in managing the computer system, an analysis of the variables affecting its implementation is necessary from the beginning. This study was done to analyze the variables influencing the operation of a hospital information system (HIS). The theoretical base for this study considered the combined effects of user expectations of computerization, and computer-anxiety. The relationship between variables in the theoretical base were analyzed and the individual characteristics influencing each variable were also analyzed. This study was done in two steps. First, 344 nurses were given an initial questionnaire developed to evaluate the reliability of the items. Based on the results, a second revised questionnaire was administered to 88 nurses who had been working in the areas where HIS was applied. The results of the first and second steps of the study are as follows 1. The initial study was done with nurses who were trained on the computer system briefly before HIS was implemented. The individual characteristics influencing computer anxiety and expectation regarding computer system usage in that initial study included, length of career, type of degree or certification, previous experiences with a computer, training on a computer, desire for computer training, and level of acceptance of a computerized work environment. But in the second study with nurses working in areas of the hospital where HIS was introduced, the work site was the only influencing characteristics. There-fore, in applying a computer system, overcoming work-environment barriers will be more import-ant than any individual characteristics. 2. The computer anxiety of the nurses in both groups, before and after the computer system ap-plication, was below the average level but the expectation of the effects of computerization was above average. The nurses using the computer program showed an above average level of satis-faction with the computer system itself, and with its effect on their efficiency. Therefore, the ability of nurses operating HIS will be positively. predictive. 3. For the variables included in the theoretical framework of the study, all of the correlational coefficients were statistically significant in the analysis of variation correlation. Therefore, the theoretical base of the study, "expectation in con junction with computer anxiety" can be considered an model which can be evaluated. Accord-ing to our analysis, the higher the level of nurses' motivation to use the computer system and the lower the anxiety about computer usage, the higher the possibility of computer system acceptance by nurses. The results of this study showed that in applying a computer system in the hospital, the main characteristic influencing acceptance was where the individual worked rather than personal characteristics such as length of career, type of degree or certification, and previous experiences with a computer. Therefore, it is suggested that the first step in uncovering and eliminating hindrance factors in ap-plication of a computer system should be an analysis of working conditions in relation to the functional content of the computer system. The suitability of the theoretical model based on the hypothesis ap-plied in this study should be further tested.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2023

Recently, Korean government has introduced Multi Metric Indices (MMI) using various biocommunity information for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and ecosystem health assessment at the national level. MMI is a key tool in national ecosystem health assessment programs. The MMI consists of indices that respond to different target environmental factors, including environmental disturbance (e.g. nutrients, hydrological and hydraulic situation of site etc.). We used zooplankton community information collected from Korean lakes to estimate the availability of candidate zooplankton MMI indices that can be used to assess lake ecosystem health. First, we modified the candidate indices proposed by the U.S. EPA to suit Korean conditions. The modified indices were subjected to individual index suitability analysis, correlation analysis with environmental variables, and redundancy analysis among indices, and 19 indices were finally selected. Taxonomic diversity was suggested to be an important indicator for all three taxonomic groups (cladoceran, copepod, rotifer), on the other hand, the indices using biomass for large cladocerans and copepods, while the indices using abundance were suggested for small cladocerans and rotifers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.94-106
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• 2022

In order to increase timber self-sufficiency, Korea's 6th Basic Forest Plan aims to increase the density of forest roads to 12.8 m ha^-1 by 2037. However, due to rapid re-forestation, current management infrastructure is insufficient, with just 4.8 m ha^-1 of forest roads in 2017. This is partly due to time and cost limitations on the process of forest road feasibility evaluation, which considers factors such as topography and forest conditions. To solve this problem, we propose an eco-friendly and efficient forest road network planning method using a geographic information system (GIS), which can evaluate a potential road site remotely based on spatial information. To facilitate such planning, this study identifies forest road construction priorities that can be evaluated using spatial information, such as topography, forest type and forest disasters. A method of predicting the optimal route to connect a forest road with existing roads is also derived. Overlapping analysis was performed using GIS-MCE (which combines GIS with multi-criteria evaluation), targeting the areas of Cheongsong-gun and Buk-gu, Pohang-si, which have a low forest-road density. Each factor affecting the suitability of a proposed new forest road site was assigned a cost, creating a cost surface that facilitates prioritization for each forest type. The forest path's optimal route was then derived using least-cost path analysis. The results of this process were 30 forestry site recommendations in Cheongsong-gun and one in Buk-gu, Pohang-si; this would increase forest road density for the managed forest sites in Cheongsong-gun from 1.58 m ha^-1 to 2.55 m ha^-1. This evaluation method can contribute to the policy of increasing timber self-sufficiency by providing clear guidelines for selecting forest road construction sites and predicting optimal connections to the existing road network.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-243
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• 2015

The ecosystem fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure causes road-kill phenomenon. When making policy for reducing road-kill it is important to select target-species in order to enhance its efficiency. However, many corridors installed in Korea have been raised issues about their effectiveness due to lack of considerations such as target-species selection, site selection, and management, etc. In this study, we are to grasp relationship between road-kill area and habitat patches and suggest that spatial location of habitat patches should be considered as one of the important factors when making policy for reducing road-kill. Habitat patches were presumed from overlying suitability index that chosen by literature review and road-kill hotspot was determined by Getis-Ord $G_i^*$ analysis. Afterwards, we performed a correlation analysis between $G_i$ Z-score and the distance from habitat patches to the roads. As a result, there is a negative correlation between two variables, It affects the $G_i^*$ Z-score going up if the habitat patches and the roads become closer.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.929-938
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• 2020

In this study, we estimated missing evapotranspiration (ET) data at a eddy-covariance flux tower in the Cheongmicheon farmland site using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN showed excellent performance in numerical analysis and is expanding in various fields. To evaluate the performance the ANN-based gap-filling, ET was calculated using the existing gap-filling methods of Mean Diagnostic Variation (MDV) and Food and Aggregation Organization Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM). Then ET was evaluated by time series method and statistical analysis (coefficient of determination, index of agreement (IOA), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). For the validation of each gap-filling model, we used 30 minutes of data in 2015. Of the 121 missing values, the ANN method showed the best performance by supplementing 70, 53 and 84 missing values, respectively, in the order of MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods. Analysis of the coefficient of determination (MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods followed by 0.673, 0.784, and 0.841, respectively.) and the IOA (The MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods followed by 0.899, 0.890, and 0.951 respectively.) indicated that, all three methods were highly correlated and considered to be fully utilized, and among them, ANN models showed the highest performance and suitability. Based on this study, it could be used more appropriately in the study of gap-filling method of flux tower data using machine learning method.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of abandoned paddy fields as wetland ecosystems and their suitability as habitats for various species. Physical and chemical characteristics of soils and the change of vegetation in paddy fields were analysed -with the passage of time after cease of cultivation. The results of analyses for soil characteristics, vegetation succession, and functional values of abandoned paddy fields as wetlands were as follows: First, top soils become coarser as years after abandonment increase. Second, as the years of abandonment passed. there were significant differences in organic matter, available phosphorate and calcium, while not in magnesium and cation exchange capacity(CEC). Third, species increased from early stage till middle stage, and decreased in late stage. In similarity analysis of species composition, sites were classified into three groups according to the stage of succession. Upper and lower terraces at Daetgol were classified as early stage of succession. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terraces at Nonbanggol were in middle stage, while tile 4th and 5th were in late stage. Forth, according to evaluation sheets of MoE and RAM(Rapid Assessment Method) standards, me overall average of functional value of Nonbanggol site were 2.13, classified as "common".

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2019

This study has its aim to judge both applicability and suitability of recycling of waste soil for the use of farmland amelioration and low-lying farmland reclamation through growth and development experiment and component analysis. As results of physical characteristic evaluation on recycling of waste soil, the classification based on unified soil classification system has investigated as SW and SP affiliation and soil classification has appeared to be a loamy sand. As results of chemical component analysis, pH has appeared to be 7.0~8.4 which is relatively higher than general soil, however, heavy metal has investigated within the 1 region's standard value of soil pollution standards. As results of germination experiment, when using it by mixing recycling soil less than 75%, there is no significant influence on germination, and in the growth and development experiment, when using horticultural bed soil which is mixed with less than 40% of recycling of waste soil, it has confirmed that there is no significance difference with general soil. In case of farmland, the growth disorder of recycling of waste soil rate no more than 40% has shown that it has relatively small influences, and in case of using it by mixing with agricultural soil, it has evaluated to require concrete review of factors which may restrict growth condition including nutrition and pH.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.125-149
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• 2012

As the smart phone is propagating rapidly, the importance of mobile advertisement has also grown. One of the main characteristics of the Internet and smart phone advertising is that they can deliver personalized advertisements to each customer. The smart phone enables the identification of additional personalized information such as the customer's location and the accessibility to the site at any place any time. As the Internet platform becomes richer, firms that offer the ad services via the wired PC Internet and wireless smart phone are seeking various types of personalized ads. However, their service platform and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform should be suitable to the characteristics of personalized ads. This research explores various types of personalized ad methods and evaluates their adequacy encompassing four types of ad service platforms (such as search portal, news portal, e-mall servers, and SNS) and two types of ICT platforms (PC Internet and smart phone). To this end, we classified the personalized ads into seven types: three basic types and four composite types. The basic types of ad methods are identified by considering the current activity that the customer is engaged, the individual profile and log history, and the customer's current location or planning location. Four composite types of ad methods are constructed as the combination of these basic types. For those types of ad methods, we evaluate whether each ad method adequately maps with four types of ad service platforms and two types of ICT platforms. We proposed a metric of evaluation and demonstrated the concept with illustrative numbers. Specifically, we analyze and compare personalized ad methods in three ways. Firstly, the possibility of implementing a personalized ad method on the platform is analyzed to confirm the degree of suitability. Secondly, the value of personalized ad method is analyzed based on the customer accessibility. Lastly, expected effectiveness for each personalized ad method is computed by multiplying the possibility and the value. Through this kind of analysis, the ad service providers as well as advertising companies can evaluate what kinds of personalized ad methods and platforms are possible and suitable to maximize their ad effectiveness on the Internet and smart phone platforms.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.483-494
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• 2020

With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, interest in AI education is increasing. In order to cultivate talented people with AI competencies who will lead the future, AI education must be conducted in a sound manner at the school site. Although AI education is being conducted at home and abroad, it was determined that the role of the AI education platform is important to implement better AI education, so this study investigated the perception of experts on the AI education platform. A perception survey was conducted based on five criteria: teaching and learning management, educational contents, accessibility, performance of AI education platform, and level suitability of elementary school students. As a results, the number of 103 educational experts selected 'Entry' as the most proper platform among the eight platforms - 'Machine learning for Kids', 'Teachable Machine', 'AI Oceans(code.org)', 'Entry', 'Genie Block', 'Elice', 'mBlock' and etc. Analysis shows that this is because 'Entry' provides quality educational content, has convenient accessibility, is easy to manage teaching and learning, as well as an AI education platform suitable for the level of elementary school. In order to apply various AI education platforms to the school field, it is necessary to train teachers in AI-related training to train them as AI education experts, and to continuously provide opportunities to experience AI education platforms. In this study, there are limitations to what is called 'a population perception survey'. because only 103 people were surveyed, and most of the experts are working in a specific area(Gyeonggi-do). In the future, it is judged that research targeting experts at the national level should be conducted to supplement these limitations.