• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2010

Common reed (Fragmites australis), a local invasive grass, was investigated as a possible feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Dried crushed stems were subjected to impregnation with phosphoric acid (30, 40 and 50%) followed by pyrolysis at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with final washing and drying. Obtained carbons were characterized by determining: carbon yield, ash content, slurry pH, textural properties and capacity to remove color bodies from factory-grade sugar liquor. Produced carbons possessed surface area up to 700 $m^2/g$, total pore volumes up to 0.37 $cm^3/g$, and proved to be microporous in nature. Decolorization of hot sugar liquor at $80^{\circ}C$ showed degrees of color removal of 60 up to 77% from initial color of 1100~1300 ICU, at a carbon dose of 1.0 g/100 ml liquor. No correlation seems to hold between synthesis conditions and % R but depends on the degree of microporosity. A commercial activated carbon N showed a comparative better color removal capacity of 91%. Common reed proved to be a viable carbon precursor for production of good adsorbing carbon suitable for decolorization in the sugar industry, as well as in other environmental remediation processes.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze to the applicability of refined saps of Acer mono, A. mono for. rubripes, A. okamotoanum through sap refining system. 1 species of Bacillus genus, 3-4 species of yeast and 2 species of fungi were detected in the origin sap of three Acer spp. The pH in the origin sap were 6.5, and decreased in refining sap as 6.3-6.4. Sucrose in sugar components was detected in the origin and refining sap of Acer spp., but glucose and fructose were not detected. Compared the origin and refining sap, mineral components decreased slightly in refining sap. These results indicate that refining sap of Acer spp. are drinkable with long-term storage.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2010

Cattail (Typha L.) was used as a raw material for producing both bio-ethanol and pulp for papermaking at the same time. Pretreatments of cattail stems and leaves with acid ($H_2SO_4$) and alkali (NaOH) in three different addition levels were studied before soda pulping. The acid pretreatment gave reducing sugar of 15.2% of initial weight, but alkali pretreatment close to 1%. Soda pulping of the pretreated cattail gave 3% reduction in pulp yield and less bonding properties in paper; however, refining of the pulp from the pretreated cattail with alkali restored their fiber bondings up to that of the pulp from no-pretreated cattail at equivalent freeness.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the physicochemical properties and component values of bamboo oil from Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis obtained by refining process. The tar concentration in the refined bamboo oil (RBO) was decreased to about 78% compared to crude Bamboo oil (CBO). The chromaticities of light, red, and yellow in RBO were 92.4 and 3.0, respectively. This result indicates that the chromaticity of light was increased with the decrease in the tar concentration in the Bamboo oil. The total concentrations of organic acid and phenolics compound in RBO were decreased to about 63% and 80%, respectively. The total concentration of free sugars was decreased to about 78% in RBO and the concentration of free sugar was in the order of lactose, fructose, and glucose. The palmitoleic acid and stearic acid concentrations were higher than that of other fatty acids. The concentration of total organic acid was decreased to about 88% through RBO. Among the various organic acids, the formic acid concentration was highest in the RBO. The minerals concentrations in the CBO were in the order of Ca, K, Na, and Fe. On the other hand, in the case of RBO, it was in the order of Ca, Fe, K, and Na.