• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1989

이락촌폐흡충(Paragonimus iloktsuenensis)의 성장 발육에 따른 표피 미세구조의 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 충체는 말똥게(Sesarma dehaani)에서 분리한 피낭유충과 흰쥐 감염 후 5∼4주에 얻은 유약충 및 감염 8주에 얻은 성충을 대상으로 하였다. 탈낭한 피낭유충은 작은 표주박 모양으로 전신이 상모양의 피극(tegumental spine)으로 덮혀 있었다. 대형의 제 II형 감각 유두(large, non-ciliated round swelling)가 구흡반 주위에 11∼12개, 복흡반 주위에 6∼8개 배열되어 있었다. 감염 2주의 유약충은 홀쭉하고 긴 모양이었고 피극이 피낭유충 보다 덜 밀생하고 있었으며 피극 끝이 2개로 갈라진 것도 관찰되었다. 많은 제 I형 감각 유두 (ciliated knob-like papillae)가 구흡반 주위에 분포하며 대형의 제 II형 감각 유두가 복흡반 주위에서 관찰되었다. 감염 4주의 유약충은 몸체가 두꺼워졌고 표피에는 3∼5개씩 군집된 피극들이 관찰되었다. 구흡반 및 복홉반 주위에는 제 I형 감각 유두와 소형의 제 II형 감각 유두가 분포하고 있었다. 감염 8주 된 성충은 매우 두꺼운 몸체를 보였고 곰의 발톱처럼 생긴(bearfoot-like) 피극이 전신의 표피에 밀생하고 있었다. 특히 배측에는 자갈 모양의 세포 돌기(cobblestone-like cytoplasmic process) 들이 잘 발달되어 있었고 많은 피극들이 여기에 매몰되어 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 이 연구에서는 이락촌폐흡충이 피낭유충에서 유약충 및 성충으로 성장함에 따라 그 표피의 형태 및 구조도 점차적으로 바뀌며 계속 분화되어 간다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

간흡충의 충체 부위별 항원성을 알아보고자 면역조직화차적 방법을 이용하여 간흡충의 소화기관, 생식기관, 배설기관, 흡반, 표피 등의 염색강도를 비교 관찰하였다. 간흡충 실험 감염 후 2~8주 된 토끼에서 담관 내 충체를 포함하는 간 조직을 얻어 중성 포르말린 용액에 고정하고 파라핀으로 포매한 다음 4 $\mu\textrm{m}$두께로 잘라 항원으로 이용하였다. 항-간흡충 항체(1차 항체)는 실험 감염 10주 된 고양이 혈청을 희석하여 사용하였고 peroBidaseconjugated goat anti-cat IgG를 2차 항체로 하여 간접 면역효소 염색을 시행하였다. 가장 적합한 1차 항체의 희석 농도는 1 : 1,000~1 : 2,000, 2차 항체의 희석 농도는 1 : 1,000이었다. 충체의 장 상피세포, 장 내용물 및 배설낭은 1차 항체 희석 농도 1 : 1,000~1 : 2,000에서 강한 양성 반응을 보인 반면, 자궁 및 일부 자궁 내 충란, 난관선, 웅성 생식기관 등은 1차 항체 회석 농도 1 : 1,000에서 미약한 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 한편, 흡반, 표피, 표피하 세포, 충체 실질 등은 1차 항체 회석 농도 1 : 1,000에서도 음성 반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 간흡충 감염시 숙주의 항체 반응은 충체의 소화-분비 기관에서 유래된 이른바 분비-배설 항원에 의해 가자 강력하게 유발되는 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2021

블루베리 재배 토양 개선에 적합한 유기자재를 선정하고자 대표적인 하이부쉬블루베리 품종인 'Duke'를 대상으로 피트모스, 이탄토, 소나무 발효톱밥 등 유기자재를 활용한 토양에서 블루베리의 생육 및 과실 특성을 조사하였다. 토양 산도는 4.2 ~ 4.8로 톱밥 > 이탄토 = 피트모스 수준이었다. 토양 중 유기물 함량은 톱밥의 경우 2.5%, 피트모스와 이탄토를 섞은 토양의 경우는 4.1%로 나타났다. 토양 경도는 토양 깊이 40 cm 위치까지 측정한 결과 1 ~ 5 kgf cm^-2으로 작물이 자라기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 흡지 수와 주축지 수는 이탄토 > 피트모스 > 톱밥 유기자재 처리구 순으로 많았다. 또한 피트모스와 이탄토 처리구의 흡지 굵기와 길이도 톱밥 처리구보다 긴 것으로 조사되었으며, 총 신초 수도 마찬가지의 양상으로 나타났다. 과실의 특성 중 과실의 중량, 과경, 횡경, 경도는 유기자재 처리 간에 통계적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 가용성고형물 함량은 이탄토 > 피트모스 > 톱밥 유기자재 처리구 순으로 높게 나타났다. 과실의 수확량은 톱밥 처리구가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 피트모스와 이탄토 처리구는 비슷한 양상으로 나타났다. 따라서 토양 환경에 따른 수체 및 과실 특성을 종합하여 검토한 결과 국내 블루베리 재배 시 안정적인 생산을 위해서 피트모스를 이탄토로 대체하여 사용할 수 있을 것이라 판단되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

The family Thapariellidae has been reported in only 3 countries since 1990. The objective of this study was to identify Thapariella anastomusa metacercariae in snails in Thailand based on morphological traits using a light (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 94 Filopaludina snails were collected and identified as 50 F. martensi martensi and 44 F. doliaris. Metacercariae of T. anastomusa were recovered from the snails by the crushing method. The overall prevalence was 22.3% (21/94), and the mean intensity was 17.0 per snail. The prevalence in F. martensi martensi was 24.0% (12/50) and F. doliaris 20.5% (9/44) with the mean intensity of 18.8 and 14.8 per snail, respectively. SEM revealed traits such as a concave ventral body and well-developed oral and ventral suckers. This study represents the first report of T. anastomusa in South East Asia. While LM and SEM observations provide novel insights into T. anastomusa metacercarial morphology and life history, the trematode's life cycle remains unclear. To date, there has been no report of T. anastomusa causing infections in humans. However, the snails F. martensi martensi and F. doliaris carrying the infective stages of T. anastomosa are frequently consumed by Thai people. This consumption, particularly uncooked snails, may present a risk of Thapariella infections in humans.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2007

Metacercariae of Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) were discovered from the shore crab, Macrophthalmus dilatatus, purchased at a market in a coastal town of Taean-Eup, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. Their adult flukes were confirmed by experimental infection of rats. The metacercariae of G. squatarolae were elliptical ($391.1{\times}362.5{\mu}m$), and the excysted metacercariae had progenetic genital organs, including the ovary and testes. To obtain adult flukes, 6 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 500 metacercariae each, and killed at days 2, 4, and 6 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified as G. squatarolae (Yamaguti, 1934) Yamaguti, 1939, based on morphological characters, including 2 ventral suckers (1 large and 1 small), a large genital atrium equipped with the cirrus and the metraterm, separated male and female genital pores, a transversely long cirrus pouch, and extensive vitelline follicles. In the present study, it has been first proven that the shore crab M. dilatatus is a second intermediate host for G. squatarolae in the Republic of Korea.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

The complementary DNA (cDNA) of potato virus Y- vein necrosis strain (PVY-VN) replicase gene (Nlb) was transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) plants. Out of 25 putative transformants regenerated, 3 were resistant to PVY-VN, one highly resistant plant with no symptom until seed harvest time and the other two with mild chlorotic spot symptoms at late stages after infection. No symptom was observed in the highly resistant plant, while mild vein necrotic symptoms were developed on suckers of the moderately resistant plants after seed harvest time, In the first generation (T1) via self fertilization, resistance to susceptibility frequency in transgenic plants from the highly resistant transformant was about 3 : 1, while it was lowered much (about 1:2 and 1:19) in T1 of the moderately resistant transformants. In the second generation (T2) of the highly resistant plant, resistance frequencies were similar to T1, but resistance levels varied greatly and appeared to be decreased. Key words : potato virus Y, viral replicate gene, transgenic tobacco plants, resistance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2021

The present study reports a rare case of Taenia saginata infection, which was initially diagnosed as acute cholecystitis in a Tibetan patient at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pastoral area, China. A 45-year-old female was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis at a hospital in China. She had a slight fever, weight loss and constipation and complained of pain in the upper abdomen and left back areas. Increase of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil levels were shown. Taenia sp. eggs were detected in a fecal examination. An adult tapeworm approximately 146 cm in length, whitish-yellow color, was collected from the patient after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The adult tapeworm had a scolex and proglottids with genital pores. The scolex was rectangular shape with 4 suckers and rostellum without hooklet. The cox1 gene sequence shared 99.5-99.8% homology with that of T. saginata from other regions in China. The patient was diagnosed finally infected with T. saginata by morphological and molecular charateristics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2021

We intended to describe a case of cerebral coenurosis in a long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus, from Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do (Province), in the Korea. The goral, a 10-year-old male, was suffering from neurological symptoms, such as turning the circle to one side without lifting the head straight, and died at 30 days after admission to the wildlife medical rescue center in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. A fluid-filled cyst was detected in the left cerebral hemisphere by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The cyst removed from the deceased goral was transparent, about 3×3 cm in size, contained a clear fluid and approximately 320 protoscolices invaginating from the internal germinal layer. The protoscolex had 4 suckers and a rostellum with 28 hooklets arranged in 2 rows. By the present study, a case of cerebral coenurosis was first confirmed in a long-tailed goral, N. caudatus, from Gangwon-do, in Korea. The residents frequently exposed in the sylvatic environment should be careful the accidental infections of zoonotic metacestode of Taenia multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2000

Although oncospheres of Taenia saginata asiatica can develop into cysticerci in immunodeficiency, immunosuppressed, and normal mice, no detailed information on the development features of these cysticerci from SCID mice is available. In the present study, the tumor-like cyst was found in the subcutaneous tissues of each of 10 SCID mice after 38-244 days inoculation with 39,000 oncospheres of T. s. asiatica. These cysts weighed 2.0-9.6 gm and were 1.5-4.3 cm in diameter. The number of cysticerci were collected from these cysts ranged from 125 to 1,794 and the cysticercus recovery rate from 0.3% to 4.6%. All cysticerci were viable with a diameter of 1-6 mm and 9 abnormal ones each with 2 evaginated protoscoleces were also found. The mean length and width of scolex, protoscolex, and bladder were $477{\;}{\times}{\;}558,{\;}756{\;}{\times}{\;}727,{\;}and{\;}1,586{\;}{\times}{\;}1,615{\;}$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. The diameters of suckers and rostellum were $220{\mu\textrm{m}}{\;}and{\;}70\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively All cysticerci had two rows of rostellar hooks. These findings suggest that the SCID mouse model can be employed as a tool for long-term maintenance of the biological materials for advanced studies of immunodiagnosis, vaccine development, and evaluation of cestocidal drugs which would be most benefit for the good health of the livestocks.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-118
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• 2001

Studies on Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. This minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a Korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. It was described as a new species by Lee, Chai and Hong in 1993. The southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. The parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and 0.23-0.33 mm wide. and characterized by the presence of a ventral pit. The first intermediate host remains unknown, but the second intermediate host has been found to be the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Man and the Palearctic oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus have been shown to be natural definitive hosts , and wading birds including the Dentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are highly susceptible to experimental infection. Gerbils, hamsters, cats, and several strains of mice were also susceptible laboratory hosts. In experimentally infected mice, the parasites inhabit the small intestine, pinching and sucking the root of villi with their large oral suckers, but they did not invade beyond the mucosa in immunocompetent mice. However, they were found to invade the submucosa in immunosuppressed mice. Human G. seoi infections have been found in at least 25 localities; 23 islands on the Yellow Sea or the South Sea, and 2 western coastal villages. The highest Prevalence was found in a village on Aphaedo. Shinan-fun (49% e99 Positive rate) : other areas showed 0.8-25.3% prevalence. Infected people complained of variable degrees of gastrointestinal troubles and indigestion. The infection can be diagnosed by recovery of eggs in the feces; however, an expert is needed to identify the eggs. Praziquantel, 10mg/kg in single dose, is effective for treatment of human infections. Eating raw oysters in endemic areas should be avoided.