• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2009

Sixteen antioxidative active compounds isolated from the EtOAc layer of MeOH extracts of kochujang, Korean fermented red pepper paste, were structurally elucidated as fumaric acid, methyl succinate, succinic acid furan-2-yl ester methyl ester (gochujangate, a novel compound), 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (esculetin), caffeic acid, cis-p-coumaric acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, daidzin, genistin, apigenin 7-O-$\beta$-D-apiofuranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-$\beta$-Dglucopyranoside, and quercetin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. These compounds were analyzed for the first time as antioxidants from kochujang.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1995

담금방법을 달리하여 제조한 메주, 고오지, amylase, protease 고추장의 유기산과 지방산을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. Citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid가 고추장에서 검출되었다. Citric acid는 $450{\sim}565$ mg%로 가장 많은 량으로 나타났고 다음이 lactic acid, malic acid 등이었다. 유기산 총량은 담금직후에 메주고추장이, 90일후는 고오지 고추장이 높았으나 시험구간의 함량차이는 적었다. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid가 고추장에서 검출되었다. Oleic acid는 $68.59{\sim}75.38%$로 가장 높은 함유율을 나타냈으나 각시험구간의 지방산 조성비율은 차이가 거의 없었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of the sodium salts of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) on the dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of two sets of poly(styrene-co-sodium methacrylate) (MNa) and poly(styrene-co-sodium styrenesulfonate) (SNa) ionomers. When the DCA content was relatively low, the ionic moduli of the MNa and SNa ionomers increased but the matrix and cluster glass transition temperature ($T_g$) did not change significantly. The increasing ionic modulus was almost independent of the type of the ionic groups of the ionomer, and the chain length of DCAs. When a large amount of the sodium succinate (DCA4) was added to the MNa and SNa ionomers, the ionic moduli of the two ionomers increased strongly but the matrix and cluster $T_g's$ increased slightly and significantly, respectively. In the case of sodium hexadecanedioate (DCA 16), DCA 16 increased the ionic moduli of the two ionomers. The addition of DCA16 changed the matrix and cluster $T_g's$ of the MNa ionomer slightly, but decreased the cluster $T_g$ of the SNa ionomer significantly with no change in the matrix $T_g$. In addition, the DCA-containing ionomers showed an X-ray diffraction peak indicating the presence of ordered domains of DC As in the ionomers. Hence, DCA4 acts mainly as a reinforcing filler in MNa and SNa systems. In the case of DCA 16, it initially behaved like a filler but also functioned as a preferential plasticizer for the clusters at high content.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.627-640
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• 2008

The geometrical structures, atomic charges, and relative energies of tetracoordinated Pd complexes [PdCl3Z (Z = Cl-, Br-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3), PdCl2Z2 (Z = Br-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3), PdZ?2X (Z = Cl-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3; X = oxalate, O2-?CCO2-), and PdZ2Y (Z = Cl?-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3; Y = succinate, CO2-?CHCHCO2-?)] and the ligand exchange reactions of the Pd complexes were investigated using the ab initio second order Mller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The geometrical characteristics of the tetracoordinated Pd(II) complexes with mono- and bidentate ligands, the effects of the atomic charges for the charged and uncharged ligands, the (dz2-p ) interactions between the dz2-orbital of Pd(II) and the p -orbital of bidentates, and the relative stabilities between the isomers of PdCl2Z2 and PdZ2Y were investigated in detail. The potential energy surfaces for the ligand exchange reactions used for the conversions of {[PdCl2(NH3)2] + H2O} to {[PdCl(NH3)2(H2O)]+ + Cl?-?} and {[PdCl2(PH3)2] + H2O} to {[PdCl(PH3)2(H2O)]+ + Cl?-?]} were investigated. The geometrical structure variations, molecular orbital variations (HOMO and LUMO), and relative stabilities for the ligand exchange processes were also examined quantitatively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2009

Ginsenosides are among the most well-known traditional herbal medicines frequently used for the treatment of various symptoms in South Korea. The neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ (G-$Rg_3$) on cholesterol-oxide-(CO)-induced neurotoxicity were investigated through the analyses of rat brains. The recently accumulated reports show that ginseng saponins (GTS), the major active ingredients of Panax ginseng, have protective effects against neurotoxin insults. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of G-$Rg_3$ on CO-induced hippocampal excitotoxicity were examined in vivo. The in-vitro studies using rat cultured hippocampal neurons revealed that G-$Rg_3$ treatment significantly inhibited CO-induced hippocampal cell death. G-$Rg_3$ treatment not only significantly reduced CO-induced DNA damage but also attenuated CO-induced apoptosis. The in-vivo studies that were conducted revealed that the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pre-administration of G-$Rg_3$ significantly reduced i.c.v. CO-induced hippocampal damage in rats. To examine the mechanisms underlying the in-vitro and in-vivo neuroprotective effects of G-$Rg_3$ against CO-induced hippocampal excitotoxicity, the effect of G-$Rg_3$ on the CO-induced elevations of the apoptotic cells in cultured hippocampal cells was examined, and it was found that G-$Rg_3$ treatment inhibited CO-induced apoptosis. The histopathological evaluation demonstrated that G-$Rg_3$ significantly diminished the apoptosis in the hippocampus and also spared the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neurons. G-$Rg_3$ also significantly improved the CO-caused behavioral impairment. G-$Rg_3$ itself had no effect, however, on the CO-induced inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity (data not shown). These results collectively indicate the G-$Rg_3$-induced neuroprotection against CO in rat hippocampus. With regard to the wide use of G-$Rg_3$, this agent is potentially beneficial in treating CO-induced brain injury.

• 청정기술
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 생분해가 가능하여 친환경성이 우수한 지방족 폴리에스터 중에서 PBAST를 이용하여, 다중유화법($W_1/O/W_2$)에 의해 PBAST/PVA 두층을 갖는 중공미세구를 제조하였다. 최적의 이중층 중공미세구를 얻을 수 있는 조건은, 유기상에서 의 PBAST고분자의 농도 5 wt%, 내부 수용액 상에서의 PVA의 농도 5 wt%, $W_1/O$ emulsion과 외부 수용액상의 비율이 1:4.5이었고 계면활성제는 단일 성분을 사용하는 경우보다 HLB 값의 차이가 큰 보조계면활성제(co-surfactant)를 사용하는 경우였으며, 이때 PBAST/PVA 이중층중공미세구(double-layered microsphere)의 제조 수율은 30.92%, 미세구의 총괄밀도(bulk density)는 0.180 g/ml이며 입자크기는 $1.5{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$로 고른 분포를 나타내었다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.387-392
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• 2005

For the production of further functional bio-degradable plastic(polybutylene succinate:PBS) with $TiO_{2}$ as photocatalyst, which shows the decomposition of detrimental organic compound and pollutant under ultraviolet irradiation, we attempted to prepare $TiO_{2}$ coatings on PBS substrate by HVOF and plasma spraying techniques under various conditions. The microstructures of coatings were characterized with SEM and XRD analysis, and the photocatalytic efficiency of coatings was evaluated through the photo degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde. The effects of primary particle size and spraying parameters on the formation behavior, photo catalytic performance and mechanical characteristics of the coatings have been investigated. The results indicated that with respect to both the HVOF sprayed $P_{200}$ and $P_{30}$ coatings, the high anatase ratio off 100% can be achieved regardless of fuel gas pressure. On the other hand, the HVOF sprayed $P_{7}$ coating exhibited largely decreased anatase ratio (from 100% to 49.1%) with increasing the fuel gas pressure, which may be attributed to the much higher susceptibility to heat of 7nm agglomerated powder. In terms of photocatalytic efficiency, HVOF sprayed $P_{200}$ and $P_{30}$ coatings seem to predominate as compared to that of plasma sprayed $P_{200}$ coatings owing to the higher anatase ratio. However, the HVOF sprayed $P_{7}$ coatings didn't show the photo catalytic activity, which may result from the extremely small reaction surface area to the photo-catalytic activity and low anatase ratio. Such functional PBS with new roles is expected to cosiderably contribute to the reduction of aggravated environmel problem.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

유기산을 이용한 카라기난 분해물의 제조 조건을 검색한 결과, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도는 카라기난을 올리고당의 형태로 분해시킬 수 있는 조건이 아니었다. 반면, 11$0^{\circ}C$와 12$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건은 유기산의 종류와 농도에 따라서는 카라기난을 올리고당화할 수 있는 조건이었으나, 분해율이 알긴산이나 한천에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 마이크로파 처리나 초음파 처리는 카라기난을 분해하는데 유효한 처리 방법이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유기산 종류 및 농도, 처리시간에 따라 분해율은 약간의 차이를 보였는데, 전체적으로 유기산의 농도가 높고 처리 시간이 길수록 분해율이 높았다. 12$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건에서는 처리시간 90분 이후로는 유기산 농도 0.5%와 0.7%는 큰 차이가 없었으며, citrate나 malate가 적절한 유기산으로 판단되었고, 분해율과 올리고당의 생성 정도를 고려할 때, 유기산의 농도는 0.5%가 적절한 것으로 확인되었다. 11$0^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서 얻어진 분해물의 TLC 상의 형태는 유기산의 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있었으며, 분해 온도가 높을수록 이동도가 큰 저분자 획분이 많이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. TLC 상에 나타난 획분의 평균 중합도가 5~7 정도인 것으로 보아 올리고당류로 판단된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.287-299
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• 1997

Procurement, cutting, cleansing, freezing, freeze-drying, and demineralization of the allogeneic bone must be made under the germ-free stable condition without bacterial and/or viral contamination. Even thought the bone is procured under the germ free condition, we must have confidence on disinfection of all the solutions that come in contact with tissue during the whole procedure. Lots of antibacterial agents have been introduced for chemical sterilization. Recently ethylene oxide gas sterilization or radiation sterilization is frequently selected as a secendary sterilization procedure. The biological and biochemical response of the graft material differs with the type and concentration of the sterilizing agents, and various toxic reactions have been reported due to the graft material itself and the substance released by the chemicals. The authors conducted the Millipore filter test to observe the toxic effect on L929 fibroblasts according to the effect on activity of succinate dehydrogenase, during the secondary sterilization of the demineralized allogeneic bone powder with irradiation or ethylene oxide gas. The result were as follows : 1. Around the copper disk, positive control group, 10mm diameter discoloration was observed. 2. As same as the negative control group, the disk showed no discoloration. 3. The demineralized allogeneic bone which was sterilized with ethylene oxide gas or irradiation showed no cytotoxicity. 4. From this results, it is suggested that treatment with ethylene oxide gas or irradiation should be effective to sterilize the deminineralized allogeneic bone.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1007-1011
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• 2011

숙신산을 시작물질로 Amberlite IR-120을 이용하여 다이옥틸숙시네이트와 무수숙신산을 합성했다. 양이온 교환 수지를 촉매로 사용했을 때, 숙신산과 옥탄올을 이용한 다이옥틸숙시네이트의 합성은 환류조건에서 18시간의 반응 시간이 요구되었고, 무수숙신산의 합성도 숙신산, Amberlite IR-120, isopropenyl acetate의 존재하에 반응을 진행하였을 때, 18 시간이상의 긴 반응 시간이 요구되었다. 그러나, 마이크로파를 이용하게 되면 반응시간은 10분 이내로 획기적으로 줄어 들었다. 80% 이상의 높은 수득률을 유지하는 상태로 촉매는 최소 4회 이상 재사용 할 수 있었다.