• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.199-219
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find out whether Korean main banks may have efficiency against Indian major banks. For this purpose, DEA analysis is used for checking relative efficiency levels. The study proposes, as a result, Shinhan bank, Woori bank and Kookmin bank in Korea may consider entering into Indian banking industry because these three banks have relative efficiency against main Indian banks like Yes bank, ICICI bank. The results of the study comply with actual facts since Shinhan bank already came to Indian banking market at first. Shinhan bank have three branches like Mumbai, NewDelhi etc. Wooribank also entered into India in 2012 as second case among Korean banks. But Kookmin bank did not come to India yet so they should consider coming to India. As a preliminary measures, they can send one person as a expatriate to survey the Indian banking industry like KDB in Korea. If they can utilize their core competence in real estate field at India, they may positively think about entering into India as quickly as possible. Although many Korean firms have penetrated into Indian market recently, they almost belong to manufacturing sectors so Korean service firms like banks should consider more coming to India because the most hot sector for FDI in India remain service sector and many foreign service firms already rush to Indian market. If Korean service firms like banks delay FDI further, good market opportunities would not be there any more. DEA analysis can be one of tools to check investment feasibilities. Since India becomes a compulsory subject for most of Korean firms, to increase possibilities of success in India, such Korean banks may consider applying fast-mover investment strategies to the Indian business fields.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Static wireless multi-hop networks, such as wireless mesh networks and wireless sensor networks have proliferated in recent years because of they are easy to deploy and have low installation cost. Two key measures are used to evaluate the performance of a multicast tree algorithm or protocol : end-to-end delay and the number of transmissions. End-to-end delay is the most important measure in terms of QoS because it affects the total throughput in wireless networks. Delay is similar to the hop count or path length from the source to each destination and is directly related to packet success ratio. In wireless networks, each node uses the air medium to transmit data, and thus, bandwidth consumption is related to the number of transmission nodes. A network has many transmitting nodes, which will cause many collisions and queues because of congestion. In this paper, we optimize two metrics through a guaranteed delay scheme. We provide an integer linear programming formulation to minimize the number of transmissions with a guaranteed hop count and preprocessing to solve the aforementioned problem. We extend this scheme not only with the guaranteed minimum hop count, but also with one or more guaranteed delay bounds to compromise two key metrics. We also provide an explanation of the proposed heuristic algorithm and show its performance and results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.495-503
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• 2018

With significant improvements in success rates for free flap reconstruction of the head and neck, attention has turned to donor site morbidity associated with osteocutaneous free flaps. In this review, we address the morbidity associated with harvest of the four most commonly used osteocutaneous flaps; the free fibula flap, the scapula flap, the iliac crest flap and the radial forearm flap. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify articles relevant to donor site morbidity for these flaps. We assessed morbidity in terms of incidence of delayed healing, chronic pain, aesthetic outcomes, site specific complications and patient satisfaction/quality of life. Weighted means were calculated when sufficient studies were available for review. The radial forearm and free fibula flaps are associated with high rates of delayed healing of approximately 20% compared to the scapular (<10%) and iliac flaps (5%). The radial forearm flap has higher rates of chronic pain (16.7%) and dissatisfaction with scar appearance (33%). For the majority of these patients harvest of one of these four osteocutaneous does not limit daily function at long-term follow-up. The scapular osteocutaneous flap is associated with the lowest relative morbidity and should be strongly considered when the recipient defect allows. The radial forearm is associated with higher morbidity in terms of scarring, fractures, chronic pain and wrist function and should not be considered as first choice when other flap options are available.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 1992

Acute renal failure is a well known serious complication following open heart surgery and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality rate. From 1984 to 1990, 33 patients who had acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass received renal replacement therapy. PD[Peritonial dialysis] was employed in 11 patients and CAVH[continous arteriovenous hemofiltration] was employed in 22 patients. Their age ranged from 3 months to 64 years[mean 25.5$\pm$7.8 years]. The disease entities included congenital cardiac anomaly in 18, valvular heart disease in 15 and aorta disease in 2 cases. Low cardiac output was thought as a primary cause of ARF except two redo valve cases who showed severe Aemolysis k depressed renal function preoperatively. Mean serum BUN and creatinine level at the onset renal replacement therapy were 65$\pm$8 mg/dl and 3.5$\pm$0.4 mg/dl respectively, declining only after reaching peak level 7&10 days following the onset of therapy. Overall hospital mortality was 72.7%[24/33]; 81%[9/11] in PD group and 68.2% [15/22] in CAVH group respectively. The primary cause of death was low cardiac output & hemodynamic depression in all the cases. The fatal complications included multiorgan failure in 7, disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis in 6, neurologic damage in 4 and mediastinitis in 3 cases. No measurable differences were observed between CAVH and PD group upon consequence of acute renal failure and disease per se. The age at operation, BUN/Cr level at the onset of bypass and highest BUN/Cr level and the consequence of low output status were regarded as important risk factors, determining outcome of ARF and success of renal replacement therapy. Thus, we concluded that althoght the prognosis is largely determined by severity of low cardiac output status and other organ complication, early institution of renal replacement therapy with other intensive supportive measures could improve salvage rate in established ARF patients following CPB.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

Call centers have become the prevalent contact points between companies and their customers. By virtue of recent advances in communication technology, the number and size of call centers have grown dramatically. As a large portion of the operating costs are related to the labor costs, efficient design and workforce staffing are crucial for the economic success of call centers. Therefore it is very important to determine the adequate number of agents. In this context, the workforce staffing level can be modeled as mathematical optimization problem using queueing theory. In this paper, we deal with an approximate analysis of an N-design call center with two finite queues and two types of reneging customers by using the state decomposition method. We also represent some numerical examples and show the impact of the system parameters on the performance measures of the call center.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 1978

The Equilibrium Theory is one of the key theories on the study of maintenance and continuance of organization. A contributor or participant of the business organization has been given the needed incucements and motivated to join in business. To keep this situation balanced is, so-called, the organization equilibrium. C. I. Barnard was the first to research this, and that J. G. March and H. A. Simon advanced it. Modern organization theory is not only the equilibrium theory but continuance theory of organization. That is, the continuance of business administration organization relies on the willingness to cooperate with which the participants in business try to devote themselves to business. The organization itself is not only combined with its members and assets but a kind of behaviour system which every member makes an effort to contribute. On a view of dynamics, organization remains, prospers and deceases in process of its formation, disorganization and reformation. But taking consideration into going concern, it is necessary that we should plan to strike a balance of business administration organization. We can write down the proposition of this theory as follows: The continuance and growth of organization=inducements contribution The basic idea of this theory was established by C. I. Barnard. But it implied many problems such as incorrect statistical measures and the defects of objectivity. These problems were more or less rearranged and improved by so-called March-Simon's equilibrium theory. Especially March-Simon's general models of organization equilibrium are a great success in this field. In the future, these problems mentioned above will be a challenge to workers in this field how we shall diminish the defects to the minimum and how perfectly we can progress it.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2009

This paper provides a general overview and critical assessment of Daedeok Science Town (DST) in Korea, mainly through the lens of the related literature. DST symbolizes the government-led creation of a new science town and represents a bold attempt to consolidate national R&D efforts in a designated area with a view to supplying basic scientific knowledge to industries nationwide. It has achieved considerable success by improving the research environment and promoting venture spin-offs and network formation. However, while DST has played a pivotal role in ushering in the era of the knowledge-based economy, new measures are required for it to remain viable. To this end, efforts should be made to direct government support toward new firm establishment, finance, and tighter networking. DST also needs to host large corporations in the area as these could both act as a market for venture businesses and serve as providers of funds.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of psychological independence(functional independence and emotional independence) and career decision-making self-efficacy(self-estimation, career goal, occupational-knowledge, and problem solving) on career maturity(preparation, objective, decisiveness, and certainty) among adolescents. The subjects were 447 students in the second grade of middle school and high school in D. The questionnaire consist of measures of psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. The data were analysed with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression by using the SPSS(SPSS/WIN 19.0) program. The major results were as follows. First, adolescents' the career maturity was significantly different depending on the socio-demographic variables. Second, it was shown that middle and high school students have a statically relation, in a relation among psychological independence, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career maturity. Third, it was found that psychological independence and career decision-making self-efficacy gave statistically meaningful influence on the career maturity of adolescents. This study is significant in that it suggests a plan for improving career maturity, and provides a basic material to improve one's active role in their parents. In addition, the results of this study can be used as a fundamental reference in career development programs and career-counseling centers at schools for enhancing adolescents' career development and success.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2015

Objective: Embryo loading (EL) is a major step in embryo transfer (ET) and affect on the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed to compare the effect of two different EL techniques on the rates of pregnancy and delivery in IVF/ET cycles. Methods: 207 fresh ET and 194 Frozen-thawed ET (FET) cycles were included in this retrospective study. Two groups (A and B) were defined based on the EL technique used. In group A, the entire catheter was flushed with Ham's F-10 medium. The embryos were then drawn into the catheter using one air bracket. In group B, $70{\mu}L$ of air was aspirated into the syringe and the catheter was flushed using Ham's F10 medium. The medium, air, embryos, air, and finally another layer of medium were then sequentially drawn into the catheter. The main outcome measures were the pregnancy and delivery rates. Results: The groups did not differ with respect to the etiology of infertility, the source of spermatozoa, the quality of the embryos, the type of EL catheter, and the ease of transfer. The pregnancy rate was similar between two groups. In fresh ET cycles, a higher delivery rate was observed in group B than it group A (78.1% vs. 60%, p=0.1). In FET cycles, the rate of delivery was significantly higher in group B than in group A to a nonsignificant extent (88.9% vs. 58.8%, p=0.06). Conclusion: EL techniques did not have a significant impact on the delivery rate in either fresh or FET cycles.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2015

Present guided missiles are equipped with infrared seeker to find the infrared sources radiating from target plane and then chase, which results in an improvement of the hitting success rate when in striking target objects. To interrupt the chases from the guided missile, the target plane spreads the flare, avoiding the missile attracts. Our research is to develop a 2-color infrared identification technique to discern the flare and real thermal source from target plane. Considering flare radiation properties and EM atmosphere transmission rates, two channels were selected, in which main channel (MC) was in a range of 3.7 μm∼4.8 μm and auxiliary channel (AC) in 1.7 μm∼2.3 μm. A 2500K heat source was used for an artificial flare source, while a 570K heat source was utilized for airplane infrared source in experimental testing. Two infrared sensors detectable only at each chanel were employed in order to measure the voltage ratio from two channels, identifying the flare and real target plane via comparison the voltage ratio. Several experimental conditions were imported in order to prove that our proposed 2-color infrared identification technique is very efficient way to discern heat sources from aircraft and flare, demonstrating that our proposed technique is very promising means for our force’s InfraRed Counter Counter Measure (IRCCM) in order to countermeasure opposite force’s InfraRed Counter Measures (IRCM).