• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.6-9
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• 2009

The occurrence rate of the earthquake more than magnitude 5 has been increased since 1990 and the damage of the Odaesan earthquake, 2007 was serious. Due to that, one may say that Korea is not any more safe for the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare strategies for possible damage due to strong earthquakes in future. This study is to focus to develop the retrofitting system for the cut and cuver tunnels built without earthquake type load scenario, so that it can provide the safety of existing urban subway system against earthquakes.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-348
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• 2003

As one of countermeasures for vibration and noise source which come from train operation in subway system, the heavy-weighted tunnel structure and the low-vibration track design have been adopted. In recent the low-vibration concrete track have been constructed to enhance the maintenance effectiveness as well as the reduction of vibration. This paper is explaining and evaluating of the characteristics of vibration and its effects comparing to tile ballast track, concrete track, and full surface supported floating slab track installed on Express bus terminal in Seoul subway No. 7 line.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.389-394
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• 2003

Subway has been used one of major public transportations because of overpopulation and heavy traffic problems in the metropolitan areas. So, the air pollution has been serious. In this study, continuous date of PM-10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter < $10{\mu}m$) and heavy metal concentration measurements for winter, spring and summer. These measurements have been carried out in the outdoor, concourse, platform, tunnel. The study results showed that the average seasonally concentration of PM-10 particles were $141.57{\mu}g/m^3$ in winter. $129.34{\mu}g/m^3$ in spring and $122.73{\mu}g/m^3$. The average concentration of PM-l0 particles at indoor higher than outdoor. The concentration of Fe, Cu, showed the largest peak concentrations during the respective season.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.555-560
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• 2002

Subway has been used one of major public transportations because of overpopulation and heavy traffic problems in the metropolitan areas. In this study, continuous date of PM-10(particles with aerodynamic diameter < 10$\mu\textrm{m}$) and heavy metal concentration measurements for autumn and winter period were analysed. These measurements have been carried out at the outdoor, concourse, platform, tunnel. The study results showed that the average seasonal concentration of PM-10 particles were 181.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in autumn and 129.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in winter, respectively. The concentration of Fe, Cu showed the largest peak concentrations during the respective season.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1323-1325
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• 2003

In field of Urban transit safely, It must be not only secured vehicle but also every areas like power, signal, communication, track, tunnel, operating facilities. Likewise it is very important not only hardware system like vehicles, facilities but also software system like action of engine driver, duty officer. In other to secure safety of hardware, soft ware, it is very important systemic process. In Korea, Many operating companies neglect to invest in safely and ignore technical development about safety because of management. Safely was considered in subway system and many studies were accomplished about safety in subway system in advanced county like U.K, USA. Hence, in this paper, Conditions and improvement of minimum considerable hardware and software are proposed for safe operation in Urban transit.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1995

NATM as method of tunneling has been applied to construction of domestic subway, roads, rail way, water way etc. Accordingly, we have NATM's many drafts and constructional results, but many problems and accidents have occurred under construction of tunnel using NATM for shortage of technical data. Poorness of constructional improvement, systemic inconsistency etc. Especially, everyone was shocked at Gupo's train wrecking accident lately. The purpose of this thesis is presentation of means for setting technical problems, by looking into Gupo's train wrecking accident and home records that applying NATM in tunneling failed, to minimize future safety accidents we find that the general problems of home fifteen sites having occured accidents is badly geological survey, nonconfirmationi of base rock's state, formal measuring management, shortage of specialists, systemical discrepancy and that disregarding NATM's rules makes general problems. The results of this study are Summarised as follows : 1. We advise repletion of design standards to practice crosshole test for confirming connected rock base on vertical section of tunnel. 2. We advise to practice pre0boring and pre-grouting for a weak layer difficult in applying NATM. 3. We advise systemic improvements that field servicer can construct tunnel of his own free will considering base rock's state at tunnel . 4. We advise that specialist, who can make a conduct and supervise above mentioned items as well as measuring management, should be posted at field.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1985

최근, 새로운 터널공법으로 국내외에서 널리 적용되고 있는 NATM공법은 터널굴착과정에서 지각의 거동을 현장계측을 통하여 관측, 그 결과를 설계 및 시공에 반영하여, 터널의 안정성과 시공의 합리성을 추구하는 것이 그 특징이라 할 수 있다. 서울시 지하철의 경우, NATM공법은 주로 도심지 난공사구간에서 채택되었다. 따라서 안전한 터널 시공을 위한 현장계측은 NATM터널 전구간에 대하여 총범위하게 실액되었다. 본 연구에서는 지반업반, 터널의 기하학적 형상 및 굴착공법 등을 고려할 때 특징적인 조건을 가지고 있는 5개의 대표적인 계측구간에 대한 측정결과를 분석하여 지반의 거동을 파락하고자 하였다. 터널좌 굴착에 있어서 중요한 의미를 가지는 지반의 거동으로는 지표 및 터널 주변 구조물의 안정성과 관련된 지표심하와, 시공의 안정문제에 관련된 터널의 변형 등으로서, 본고에서는 주로 지표심하 및 천단심하의 거동특성을 여러 가지 영향요인의 관점에서 고찰하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.92-102
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• 1994

NATM as method of tunneling has been applied to construction of domestic subway, roads, rail way, water way etc. Accordingly we have NATM's many drafts and constructional results, but many problems and accidents have occurred under construction of tunnel using NATM for shortage of technical data, poorness of constructional improvement, systemic inconsistency etc. Especially, everyone was shocked at Gupo's train wrecking accident lately. The purpose of this thesis is presentation of means for settling technical problems, by looking into Gupo's train wrecking accident and home records that applying NATM in tunneling failed, to minimize future safety accidents we find that the general problems of home fifteen sites haying occured accidents is badly geological survey, nonconfirmation of base rock's state, formal measuring management, shortage of specialists, systemical discrepancy and that disregarding NATM's rules makes general problems. The results of this study are summarised as follows ; 1. We advise repletion of design standards to practice crosshole test for confirming connected rock base on vertical section of tunnel. 2. We advise to practice pre-boring and pre-grouting for a weak layer difficult in applying NATM. 3. We advise systemic improvements that field servicer can construct tunnel of his own free will considering base rock's state at tunnel. 4. We advise that specialist, who can make a conduct and supervise above mentioned items as well as measuring managements, should be posted at field.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.308-327
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• 2004

As use of tunnels and subways increase there also are accidents proportionate to it. Daegu Subway Station fire, Hongjimoon tunnel fire led people to be conscious of disaster protection and as a result, there is a trend to adopt standards for fire protection. Accordingly, this thesis is focused on investigating various fire and water protection related issues for subaqueous tunnel under Ran river. The thesis developed evacuation and disaster prevention plan as fire level increases and have identified the suitability of disaster prevention through evacuation and fire simulation, countermeasure of a water leakage during construction and operation considering the subaqueous tunnel. And we selected EPB shield TBM equipment considering the ground condition and effect of boring hole, and accomplished reasonable water protection design through setting goals using event-tree method, as well as examining model test of boring hole and flooding in heavy rain. Also included structured total system consist of water leakage sensing system, water protection gate, pumping system and fire protection system to respond systematically in emergency.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

Tunnel excavation in shallow soft ground conditions of urban areas experiences inevitable surface settlements that threaten the stability of nearby infrastructures. Surface settlements during shield TBM tunneling are related to a number of factors including geotechnical conditions, tunnel geometry and excavation methods. In this paper, a database collected from a construction section of Hong Kong subway was used to analyze the correlation of settlement-inducing factors and surface settlements monitored at different locations of a transverse trough. The Pearson correlation analysis result revealed a correlation between the factors in consideration. Factors such as the face pressure, advance speed, thrust force, cutter torque, twin tunnel distance and ground water level presented a modest correlation with the surface settlement, while no significant trends between the other factors and the surface settlements were observed. It can be concluded that an integrated effect of the settlement-inducing factors should be related to the magnitude of surface settlements.