• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.698-703
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• 2006

We investigated how the addition of polypeptides to instant fried noodle dough affects the dough properties, starch gelatinization, and textural properties of cup-type instant fried noodles. After comparing farinograph results of 100% wheat flour with 1% wheat flour substituted with gluten, there was a small difference in the mechanical dough properties. However, in the case of 1% wheat flour substituted with gluten peptides, the dough development time increased, dough stability decreased, and weakness increased. On the other hand, when gluten or gluten peptides were added, starch gelatinization did not change significantly. At the steaming stage, substitution with gluten peptides or soybean peptides markedly changed the molecular weight distributions of extractable polypeptides. Especially in the case of wheat flour substituted with 1% gluten peptides, the relative portion of low Mw extractable polypeptides (2.5-50 kDa) decreased more compared to a control. Also, the hardness and chewiness decreased in cooked cup-type instant fried noodles containing gluten peptides. This suggests that the addition of gluten peptides can reduce the rehydration time of cup-type instant fried noodles.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 1990

The reaction of 2,6-dichloroquinoxaline (13) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave 2,6-dichloroquinoxaline 4-oxide (14), whose reaction with pyrrolidine or indoline provided 2-substituted 6-chloroquinoxaline 4-oxides (15). The isoxazolo[2,3-a]quinoxalines (16) and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines (17) were selectively synthesized from the 2-substituted 6-chloroquinoxaline 4-oxides (15) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Moreover, the pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines (17) were found to be produced by the ring transformation of the isoxazolo[2,3-a]quinoxalines (16).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.681-689
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• 2011

Yakkong germinated for 48 h at $23^{\circ}C$(48G), which showed the highest isoflavone content, was prepared with no heat treatment(48G-NH) or with additional heat treatment entailing 20 min boiling(48G-20B) or 15 min roasting(48G-15R). After being ground, each powder was substituted for rice flour by 10, 20, or 30% in rice cookies and compare with the control(100% rice flour cookies). The rice cookies containing 20 or 30% 48G-NH showed the highest crispness in texture and the lowest spreadability. The rice cookies containing 48G-20B and 48G-15R did not show a change in spreadibility, regardless of substitution level. For the rice cookies with 48G-15R, when the substitution level increased to 30%, the crispness decreased and hardness increased. The rice cookies with 48G-20B showed the lowest crispness regardless of substitution level. In terms of color, rice cookies substituted with Yakkong powder showed lower L and higher a* values than the control, however there were no tendencies related to b* value change. In sensory testing, rice cookies substituted with YK-48G had an improved quality, especially in flavor and texture as well as in function. The most acceptable substitution level was 20% of 48G-15R.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.2015-2018
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• 2010

Second-order rate constants $(k_{OH^-})$ have been measured spectrophotometrically for alkaline hydrolysis of Y-substituted phenyl phenyl carbonates (2a-j) and compared with the $k_{OH^-}$ values reported previously for the corresponding reactions of Y-substituted phenyl benzoates (1a-j). Carbonates 2a-j are 8~16 times more reactive than benzoates 1a-j. The Hammett plots correlated with $\sigma^-$ and $\sigma^o$ constants exhibit many scattered points, while the Yukawa-Tsuno plot results in excellent linear correlation with $\rho$ = 1.21 and $\gamma$ = 0.33. Thus, the reaction has been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism in which expulsion of the leaving group is advanced only a little. However, one cannot exclude a possibility that the current reaction proceeds through a forced concerted mechanism with a highly unstable intermediate.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.372-381
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• 1985

Oxo molybdenum (V) complexes of substituted 8-quinolinols were synthesized and characterized by means of the investigation of elemental analysis, infrared spectra, electron spectra, electric conductivity and mass spectrometry compared with oxo molybdenum (VI) complexes. Oxo molybdenum(V) complexes were nonelectrolyte and one strong band of stretching mode of molybdenum and terminal oxygen appeared approximately $940cm^{-1}$. Oxo molybdenum(VI) complexes gave two peaks corresponding molybdenum containing ions, a molecular ion (I) of a 2 : 1 (ligand : metal) chelate and a fragment ion (II) of a 1:1 chelate due to the loss of ligand radical from ion (I). Molybdenum(V) complexes were observed the fragment ion(II) of a 1 : 1 chelate partly. The electronic spectra corresponding to d-d transition and charge transfer transition were observed and interpreted.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2017

In the present study, nanocrystalline mixed metal oxide, $CuMnO_3$ catalyst have been synthesized by mechanochemical method with green chemistry approach. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by analytical techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and BET surface area. The synthesized catalyst shows high surface area is $121.06m^2/g$ with particle size 18 nm. The one pot four component synthesis of substituted 2-phenyl-4(3H) quinazolinone from the reaction of anthranilic acid, benzoyl chloride, hydrazine hydrate and substituted benzaldehyde in presence of $CuMnO_3$ nanocatalyst has been carried out. It affords the corresponding products with high yield (76-95%) in very short reaction time. All the obtained products were characterized with $^1HNMR$, $^{13}CNMR$, FTIR and EIMS.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 1984

The effect of 2% of $P_2O_5$ substituted in gypsum(5 mol% as $HPO_3$) on the early hydration characteristics of $C_3A$ were investigated and then gypsum only and gypsum mixed with $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$.$H_2O$(2% as $P_2O_5$) were studied separately for comparison. The early hydration reaction of $C_3A$ with each gypsum were examined by measuring the rate of heat libera-tion of hydration with calorimeter and by analysing the hydration products with X-ray diffractometer and differential thermal analyser. It was shown that phosphogypsum substituted with $P_2O_6$ in the crystal lattice accelerated exceedingly the formation of the ettrignite and following hydrated products. However the other gypsum especially gypsum without any phosphate delayed the formation of various hydration products, It was consequently suggested that when phosphogypsum are used as the retarder of cement setting its reta-rding effect for setting of cement is not ascribed to the retardation of ettringite formation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 1999

For effective $CO_2$ separation using pore size controlled membrane, silica was deposited in the mesopores of a $\gamma$-alumina film by chemical vapor deposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and phenyl-substituted ethoxysilanes at 773-873K. The membranes prepared with phenyl-substituted ethoxysilanes were calcined to remove the phenyl group and control the pore size. The gas permaselectivity of prepared membranes was evaluated by using $H_2$, $CO_2$ $N_2$, $CH_2$ and $C_3H_8$ single component and a mixture of $CO_2$ and $N_2$. The membranes produced using TEOS contained micropores having permselectivity only to hydrogen, but the phenyl-subsitituted ethoxysilane derived membranes possessed micorpores which are recognizable molecules of $CO_2$, $N_2$ and $CH_4$. In the diphenyl-diethoxysilane-derived membrane, the $CO_2$ permeance and selectivity of $CO_2$/$CH_4$ were $10^{-6} m^3(STP) \cdot m^{-2} \cdot s^{-1} \cdot kPa^{-1}$ and 11, respectively. Therefore, the use of phenyl-substituted ethoxysilane was effective in controlling micropore size for $CO_2$ separation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

The effect of aging on the precipitation of the $\sigma$ phase and corrosion resistance in W-substituted, super-duplex stainless steel was investigated. The volume fraction of the $\sigma$ phase and the current density increased as the aging temperature increased up to $750^{\circ}C$, and, then, they decreased. As aging time increased, the volume fraction of the $\sigma$ phase and the current density also increased. The $\sigma$ phase considerably influenced to corrosion resistance. When Mo was substituted for W in super-duplex stainless steel, the volume fraction of the $\sigma$ phase and the current density both decreased markedly.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-102
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• 1979

The purpose of this dissertation is to study some of the vulcanization characteristics of rubber-bound antioxidants such as G-1, [N-(3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine] and acryl, acrylamide & acrylester substituted hindered phenols. The influence of these antioxidants upon vulcanization characteristics in NR and SBR compounds in the presence of vulcanizing accelerators such as MSA, TT, DM, M & D was evaluated by means of Oscillationg Disk Cure Meter. The comparison was also made between the influence of rubber-bound antioxidants and that of conventional non-reactive antioxidants such as N-alkyl substituted PADA series. Regarding the influence of reactive type antioxidant G-1 mixed with accelerator TT upon vulcanization characteristics, rapid onset of vulcanization and higher degree of cross-linking were discovered, whereas in the case of accelerator M and DM, the result was slow onset of vulcanization and lesser degree of cross-linking. The comparison of vulcanizing characteristics among acrylic substituted hindered phenols as antioxidants was made under several vulcanization accelerator systems. Under such systems, MSA-S combined accelerator caused the onset of vulcanization to slow down and lowered the degree of cross-linking. Finally in the case of hindered phenol derivatives containing longer substituent, the delayed onset of vulcanization and the lowered degree of cross-linking could be discerned.