• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.432-445
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• 2019

Since industry and technology are being developed through interactions, intellectual property (IP), which are used as a substitute for technology, are found to have a close relationship with industry. The current status of IP and the business revenue differences of enterprises of south Korea are analyzed in the disaster-safety industry. Only 2.66% out of 49,538 firms have IP, indicating that most companies do not have IP. The difference in sales due to the ownership of IP is not statistically significant in middle-standing enterprises, but that of medium and small-sized enterprises (SMEs) is statistically significant. It is also found that 17 Divisions, which have IP, out of 21 Divisions in the Disaster-Safety Industry Special Classification of Korea have higher business revenue, and 10 Divisions of those 17 Divisions indicate statistical significance. In conclusion, the ownership of IP is one of the factors affecting the difference in business revenue for SMEs in Korea, implying that it is important to focus on creating and securing IP.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.604-613
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate the food quality of commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring Clupea pallasi as a substitute for boiled-dried anchovy. Standards for controlling quality of boiled-dried Pacific herring were suggested based on international (US FDA and CODEX) and domestic (Korean FDA, Standards on Quality of Seafood and Seafood Products, KS) standards for boiled-dried anchovy. The standards included requirements for moisture [less than 30% (less than 35 in very tiny sizes)], water activity (less than 0.85), salinity (less than 10%), water-phase salt (less than 20%), acid-insoluble ash (less than 1.5%), yeast and mold (fewer than 1.0×10³ CFU/g), and different size and breakage (less than 5%). Based on the standards suggested, commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring passed nine levels (all levels) in water activity, acid-insoluble ash, mold and yeast concentrations; seven levels (L-1, 2, 3, 4, M-1, 2, S) in water-phase salt, and three levels (L-1, 3, 4) in the ratio of different size and breakage categories. These results suggest that the quality of commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring is similar to that of commercial boiled-dried anchovy.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.372-386
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to find factor which influence on the selection criteria of food supplier. Questionnaire were distributed to 52 general hospitals with more than 400 beds located in Seoul and Kyongin province, and responded questionnaires were collected from 44 dietetic departments (84.6%) and 18 purchasing departments (34.6%). The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) supplier selection criteria include quality, service, cost and supplier competency. (2) With having been met with tight competition and market opening, hospitals plan a strategy to improve quality, service and they tend to have more interest in various supplier selection criteria. (3) Purchasing departments estimate more highly the rate of reflection in considering supplier selection criteria than the rate of importance about cost criteria, which reveals that purchasing departments sensitively respond to cost cutdown. (4) When selecting suppliers, a significant(p<.01) influence of stability of supplier industry environment on the selecting criteria such as the importances of quality, service, and supplier quality are recognized only after recognizing the stability of food delivery industry. Food supplier industry secures stability more quickly through major companies' participation in food distribution industry and this will reveal the importance of supplier selection criteria. (5) Suppliers which are selected by the quality criteria, service criteria, supplier quality criteria make efforts to communicate with foodservice departments, to give more proper information about substitute food, new product, and to make commitments, while suppliers which are decided by cost criteria do not establish supportive relationships with foodservice departments.

• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the $1^{st}$ period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the $2^{nd}$ period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the $3^{rd}$ period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2012

Remanufacturing is a series of industrial process by which retired or non-functional products are restored to a like-new condition. The remanufacturing industry provides much more economical and environmental benefits in view of significant materials and energy savings than existing material recycling way. It also has an effect on the substitute of natural resources, and gives the opportunity of high employment creation due to its highly labor intensive work. This paper thus presents the features of remanufacturing and its various benefits, and current status of domestic and overseas remanufacturing industry including USA, Europe, Japan and China. Furthermore, three major tasks for promoting the remanufacturing industry in Korea have been proposed based on the analysis of remanufacturing activities, technologies and related system in advanced countries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.498-511
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• 2013

It is time to extensively reshuffle domestic film industry, which has grown rapidly in recent years. Above all, a most urgent task for domestic film industry is to train specialized staff by working out a foundation for on-site human resource education. For this, it is necessary to review the existing apprenticeship system-a major educational system for domestic film industry for a long time-and then work out a reasonable substitute which can overcome its limitations and succeed its advantages. In other words, it is necessary to switch a current perpendicular rank system, a basis of apprenticeship system, to a horizontal specialized staff system and then establish an industrial information network with which the current status of on-site human resources can be understood and which can comprehensively manage their career, promotion and wages. In this regard, this study suggested the introduction of workplace learning and mentoring as a new system for on-site human resource education for film industry, in order to work out an educational system that could maintain abundant on-site experience and the sense of emotional tie with fellow workers-the advantages of apprenticeship system-and realize a more systematic and specialized workplace learning.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.968-973
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the 1^st period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the 2^nd period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the 3^rd period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.80-81
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• 2020

Due to COVID 19, the global economy is facing a crisis situation, and in the export-oriented industry, companies must consider survival. The government and industry are striving to revitalize exports in a number of ways, and with restrictions on non-face-to-face export activities, they are contemplating various ways to implement non-face-to-face export marketing. Among them, various studies are being conducted in various industries on the part of conducting an online exhibition. In particular, the shipbuilding and offshore industry is a major export industry, and offline exhibitions held around the world were an important opportunity for marketing, and the use of online exhibitions to substitute for them is urgently needed. In this study, we study AR, VR, MR, etc., which are various element technologies necessary for building an online exhibition hall suitable for the shipbuilding and marine industry, and how they are applied to online exhibitions.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 1983

Animal in dustry in Korea urgently needs the domestic introduction and the industrial a, pp.ication of embryo transfer technique. Namely, this technique can be utilized effectively, as means of the improvement of livestocks, as means of the increase of meat production, as means of substitute for the livestock import, and dissemination of new breed. However, as this technique avaliable in our country is remaining initial stage, we can not make use of the technique industrially unless we make much improvement as follows; induction of superovulation, non-surgical recovery of embryos, synchronization between the estrus such cycles of donor and recipient, non-surgical transfer of embryos, etc. Simultaneously, the basic studies such as harvesting oocytes from ovary, in vitro culture of oocytes, in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa, cloning by culture of blastomeres and transfer of nuclei, sexing embryo, etc. should not be neglected in order to make the technique of embryo transfer more simple and convenient. For the success of these studies, universities, national and public institutes, large scale cattle farms, and small scale cattle farms should cooperate each other. For instance, universities undertake basic researches, and the national and public institutes a, pp.y the results of the researches to animal industry along with cooperation by large scale cattle farms. By the help of the cooperative organizations, the technique relevant to our environment and farm condition may be able to be finalized, and to be a, pp.ied to samll scale cattle farm. Consequently, being served to stimulate animal productivity, this technique can be contributed to the development of livestock industry in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.463-469
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• 2008

Non-sintering cement was manufactured with briquette ash. Alkali activator for compression bodies used a NaOH solution. In order to apply alkali-activated briquette ash and the non-sintering cement to concrete, several experimental studies were performed. It was necessary to study the binder obtained by means of a substitute for the cement. This study concentrated on strength development according to the concentration of NaOH solution, the curing temperature, and the curing time. The highest compressive strength of compression bodies appeared as $353kgf/cm^2$ cured at $80^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. This result indicates that a higher curing temperature is needed to get a higher strength body. Also, geopolymerization was examined by SEM and XRD analysis after the curing of compression bodies. According to SEM and XRD, the main reaction product in the alkali activated briquette ash is aluminosilicate crystal.