• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

In the present study, capsaicin-induced desensitization of peripheral sensory nerves were investigated by using guinea pig bronchi, in which these nerves are stimulated with cap saicin to produce a contractile response via the release of sensory neuropeptides such as substance P and neurokinin A. The contractile response to capsaicin was inhibited by the combination of CP96345 and SR 48968 suggesting that the excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both the tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Capsaicin produced in vitro-desensitization in dose-dependent manner, but after this in vitro-desensitization the response to NK-1 and NK-2 receptor agonist did not change. Systemic administration (s.c.) of capsaicin also desensitized significantly bronchial tissues but could not produce any change in the contractile response to the selective agonists of NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Therefore, the present results suggest that functional desensitization to capsaicin-induced contractile response in guinea pig bronchi does not involve NK-1 and NK-2 receptor, while excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. In conclusion, it is suggested that capsaicin- induced excitation and desensitization involves somewhat different pathways.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2009

In the digital age, as it is ambiguous to distinguish between the original and a replica, the order of reproduction which is more realistic than the reality is becoming a new cultural order. Before the period when digital paradigm dominates, always the reality has been an object to be copied. But, today is an age of Simulacre where code of digital technology dominates. Such a phenomenon is shown in the construction space without exception Gilles Deleuze who was a representative philosopher of the post-structuralism depicted the concept of Simulacre as an instant 'event' passing by without change in an object or substance. As the result of analyzing what kinds of feature for the concept of event is expressed in the digital space, a diagram itself could be a design process, the digital space with correlation was able to be created through the change in the meaning according to the changing image and my body which was the leading part to form primary space. In such a meaning, this study pays attention to Deleuze's 'Event(Simulacre)' concept. At this transitional period when a new concept of digital space is about to take root, the modern philosophers' theories and the discussions about spatial relativity should be continually studied, along with the development of spacial theories for the modem construction.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1975

The network structure of a glass is known to be cracked by a chemical reaction, diffusion, and ion exchange of alkali ion, formed at the crack tip of the glass surface, when water is present on the glass surface. Since the durability of glass is reduced, due to the fatigue phenomenon mentioned above, pollution problem of glass goods, especially bottle glass, is becoming acute gradually. A static fatigue phenomenon was studied thermodynamically in this paper, and a mechanism of static fatigue, a quality control, and a method of preventing pollution for the main local glass goods were also investigated. The PH of reacted solution and the quantity of extracted alkali were measured at different conditions such as temperature, reacting time, particle size of a crushed glass sample, and the nature of reacting solution. The enthalpy change was calculated from the Arrhenius equation. The results are given below; 1) The absolute value of enthalpy change for the bottle glass was found to be higher than the for the flat glass. 2) The fatigue phenomenon of a glass was more sensitive to the temperature than to the reacting time. 3) The durability of glass in acid solution is stronger than in alkaline solution. 4) The substance which cracks the network structure of glas is considered the hydroxyl ion.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding classification and health hazards that may result from a 13-week inhalation exposure to 2-methylpentane by Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials: The testing method was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 413. The rats were divided into four groups(ten male and ten female rats in each group) and exposed to 0 ppm, 290 ppm, 1,160 ppm, 4,640 ppm 2-Methylpentane in each exposure chamber for six hours per day, five days per week, for 13 weeks. Results: No death or particular clinical presentation including weight change and change of feed rate was observed. The relationships between dose, gender and response were also not significantly changed in urinalysis, hematologic examination, or biochemical examination of blood(except for total cholesterol being up, total protein being up, and chloride ion being down in males), and blood coagulation time. For the relative weight measurement of organs, in the male group the weight change of both kidney and liver were increased in proportion to dose. In histopathological examination, nephropathy in the kidney(cystic change of renal tubules, regenerative tubule, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in the interstitial tissue) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the male group(290 ppm, 1,160 ppm, 4,640 ppm). However, other organs were not affected by the test substance. Conclusions: 2-methylpentane was estimated as a chemical causing nephropathy in the male group. NOAEL(No Observable Adverse Effect Level) in the female group is more than 4,640 ppm, while inthe male group it is less than 290 ppm.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.806-821
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• 2000

Each and everything named fashion together with clothes were limited in the boundary of women and men's wear has been slow and narrow in changing speed compared to women's, even there are some differences in accordance time. But maintaining the basic features, men's wear in the latter 20th century has undergone diverse change in the part of materials such as various synthetic fiber, glass, metal, artificial leather and the see-through fabric able to seeing the body wearing the clothes. Therefore, the aim and definition of this study is to present the systematic framework giving help to develop men's wear design newer and more various by considering moulding of materials which existing men's wear could not show up and by grasping material trend of men's clothes in 1990s. The results of the study were summarized as follows : (1) Material containing lustering is categorized as Velvet, Silk, Lustering materials by synthetic fiber and Lustering materials by additional substance. The Velvet generally acknowledged having something to feel womanly image shows the bisexual character coexisting feature of men and women after grafting with men'fashion. The Silk was endowed the role as means of pleasure to express beyond boundary of sex breaking the existing consciousness which men should wear male clothes, not considering differences between men and women. The lustering made by synthetic fiber expressed modern sensitivity aesthetically to the suit. The lustering materials made by additional substance is seen mixed masculine character with womanly character. (2) See-through materials are acknowledged as decadence beauty caused by expanding subjective awareness in beauty. (3) Materials by the sorts of Net is categorized as Lace, Knit The Lace expression seemed to emphases the human liberation of men and women and the humanity from liberation of subjecthood. The Knit can be felt both woman's image and man's image as bisexual image, not raising only one side sex. (4) Elastic materials offered the opportunity to approve exposure in a time when exposure of men's body was not granted ethically. (5) Leather was shown as indication of social status and inferiority and expression of collective resistance against sexual stagnation of men and women.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2020

하나의 개체에서 여러가지 측정치가 동시에 관찰되는 경우는 다양한 연구 분야에서 흔히 나타난다. 발달 독성학 연구에서는 특정 독성 물질의 각기 다른 수준에 노출된 임신한 어미 쥐에 대해 기형인 태아의 존재와 태아의 무게가 동시에 측정된다. 이런 두 변수를 결합하여 모형화하는 것은 각기 독립적인 두 모형으로 분석하는 것보다 더 효율적인 결과를 낸다고 알려져 있다. 대부분의 결합 모형은 정규분포를 랜덤효과로 가정하여 분석한다. 그러나 발달 독성학 연구에서처럼 반응변수들의 분포가 독성 물질이 변함에 따라 불규칙하게 변하는 경우 정규분포의 가정으로는 그 특징을 잡아낼 수 없게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이진수 자료와 연속형 자료에 대해 비대칭 로짓 모형을 사용한 베이지안 결합모형을 제시한다. 본 모형은 비대칭 로짓 모형을 사용함으로써 반응변수의 분포의 형태가 독성 물질의 수준에 따라 대칭/비대칭의 형태를 자유롭게 띨 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 모형의 적합성을 살펴보기 위해 발달 독성학 연구에서 독성 물질 DEHP에 적용하여 그 결과를 확인해본다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.476-492
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• 1990

흰쥐 간세포에 존재하는 비소결합물질의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 4 ppm의 비소를 포함하는 NaASO$_2$수용액의 식수로 15일간 흰쥐에 공급하였다. 비소처리군의 간 cytosol분획의 정상단백 질의 함량은 감소하였으나 8종류의 stress protein의 함량은 증가하였다. Cytosol에 존재하는 비소결합체물질은 한 종류이고,glycine, glutamic acid 및 cysteine의 3종류의 아미노산으로 구성되어있으며 분자량은 500D이었다.Glutathione은 비소와 5:1의 몰비로 결합하였으며 glutathione과 비소의 복합체는 gel filtration chromatography에서 비소결합물질과 같은 이동성을 나타내어 cytosol에 존재하는 미소결합물질은 glutathione으로 추정되었다. Glutathione에 결합한 비소는 미토콘드리아의 호흡, 형태전환 및 팽윤과 수축기능에 있어서 대조군과 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과들로써, 생체에 직접 처리한 비소에 의하여 stress protein합성이 촉진되며, 간 cytosol에 존재하는 비소결합물질은 glutathione으로 추정되고, 비소와 복합체를 형성함으로써 비소의 세포독성에 대한 방어기능을 나타내는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 하천에 유입된 오염물질의 거동 및 확산 특성을 파악하기 위하여 실제 하천에서 RI(Radioactive Isotope) 추적자를 이용하여 오염물 확산을 실측하고 그 결과를 수치모형과 비교분석하였다. 연구대상 수로구간은 금강 상류지역의 용담댐 부근 합류지점으로부터 하류로 약 2km구간에서 실험을 하였으며, 수치모형으로는 RMA-2(Resource Modeling Associates-2), RMA-4를 사용하였다. RI를 이용한 현장실험은 모델링을 적용한 지역과 동일 지역에서 실험을 실시하였고, 각 구간의 간격은 1km로 정하되 현장 사정에 따라 차이를 조금 두어 RI계측기인 NaI계측기를 통한 1초 간격의 농도 데이터를 계측하였다. 계측결과는 수치모형의 결과와 실제 하천에서의 확산범위 및 확산에 큰 영향을 미치는 확산계수 변화에 따른 농도 분포를 비교 분석하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2012

The relationship between pain stimulation and the blood glucose level was studied in ICR mice. We examined the possible change of the blood glucose level after the pain stimulation induced by acetic acid injected intraperitoneally (i.p.),, formalin injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the hind paw, or substance P (SP), glutamate, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$) injected intrathecally (i.t.). We found in the present study that acetic acid, formalin, SP, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ increased the blood glucose level. The blood glucose level reached at maximal state 30 min and returned to normal level 2 h after the pain stimulation in a fasting group. Furthermore, acetic acid, formalin, SP, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ caused the elevation of the blood glucose level in D-glucose-fed group only in an additive manner. However, i.t. injection of glutamate did not alter the blood glucose level in a fasting group. In contrast, i.t. injection of glutamate enhanced the blood glucose level in the D-glucose-fed group. Our results suggest that the blood glucose level appears to be differentially regulated by various pain stimulation induced by acetic acid, formalin, SP, glutamate, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.762-767
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• 2010

본 연구는 병해충 방제에 사용되는 살균제의 제형이 포도 '캠벨얼리' 과분의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 무봉지 재배와 봉지 재배로 나누어 각각 수화제, 액상수화제, 유제를 만개 후 15일과 변색기(만개 후 48일)에 살포 후 수확기에 외관 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 변색기의 수화제와 액상수화제 처리에서 만개 후 15일보다 흰색의 약제 흔적이 두드러지게 관찰되었으며, 수화제, 액상수화제, 유제의 순으로 약제의 흔적이 발생하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 과분의 미세구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 세 가지의 제형 모두 과분의 미세구조를 손상시켰으며, 수화제와 액상수화제의 경우 이물질이 관찰되었으며, 유제 처리구는 과분의 미세구조가 녹은 것처럼 관찰되었다. 또한 무봉지 재배 시에는 육안상으로 약제의 흔적뿐만 아니라 많은 이물질이 과립상에 같이 존재하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 봉지 재배 시에는 약제의 흔적만 관찰되었다.