• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

Background: A novel technique for the repair of tears of the upper subscapularis tendon-intraarticular knotless fixation-has been introduced recently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and structural outcomes of arthroscopic intraarticular knotless fixation for the treatment of upper subscapularis tendon tears. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological outcomes of 27 patients who underwent arthroscopic intraarticular knotless fixation for upper subscapularis tendon tears. Finally, a total of 10 patients who could participate in at least a 6 month follow-up of magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and in a least 1-year follow-up on an outpatient basis were enrolled in our study. The mean age at the time of operation was 60.7 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 14.7 months. Two patients had concomitant tears of the supraspinatus tendon and 8 patients had concomitant tears of the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus tendons. Results: The clinical and radiological outcomes improved after the patients had undertaken arthroscopic intraarticular knotless fixation. The mean visual analogue scale score for pain during motion improved from 6.7 preoperatively to 1.4 at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The mean Constant score improved from 59.3 preoperatively to 79.6 at the final follow-up, and the mean the University of California at Los Angeles score, from 21.7 to 30.2, respectively (p<0.001 and p<0.001). The upper subscapularis tendon tear was healed in every patient except one (90%), for the patient had suffered from a postoperative trauma that resulted in a retear. Conclusions: We found that arthroscopic intraarticular knotless fixation gives good clinical and structural outcomes for the repair of upper subscapularis tendon tears. Arthroscopic intraarticular knotless fixation provided such a reliable and efficient restoration of the subscapularis tendon footprint that we anticipate it will become a widely-used procedure for upper subscapularis tendon tears.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

An isolated tear of the subscapularis is uncommon, and there are a few literatures regarding the treatment of this problem. But, the incidence has increased with development of the arthroscopic techniques. An all-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a challenging procedure that can be effectively performed for treatment of subscapularis tendon tears. Often, tears of the subscapularis tendon do not involve entire tendon, and retraction of the torn edge is within to 2 cm of its attachment site. Occasionally, the entire tendon is torn and retracted medially to the glenoid. This article outlines the examination, preoperative planning and details the steps necessary to perform this procedure on upper third of subscapularis tears.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2024

Anterior glenohumeral instability with an irreparable subscapularis tear is a challenging problem for the orthopedic shoulder surgeon. Current techniques, including tendon transfers, yield inconsistent results with high rates of recurrent instability. Acellular dermal allografting has been used in young patients with massive superior rotator cuff tears with early success, but acellular dermal allografting is comparatively unstudied in anterior deficiency. We present two cases of anterior capsular reconstruction with an acellular dermal allograft in patients ages 66 and 58 years with irreparable subscapularis tendon tears. Follow-up for both patients exceeded 4 years, with forward flexion >140°, external rotation exceeding 60°, a Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score >90 points, a visual analog scale score of 0 points, and an American Shoulder and Elbow Score of 98 points. In conclusion, acellular dermal allografting can be used to reconstruct the anterior capsule in patients with massive irreparable subscapularis tears, similar to its use in superior capsular reconstruction in patients with massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the type of subscapularis tendon tears diagnosed during arthroscopy and the outcomes of physical tests and of isokinetic muscle strength tests. Methods: We preoperatively evaluated physical outcomes and isokinetic muscle strength of 60 consecutive patients who underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and/or subacromial decompression. We divided the patients into five groups according to the type of subscapularis tear, which we classified using Lafosse classification system during diagnostic arthroscopic surgery. Results: When we performed a trend analysis between the outcomes of the physical tests and the severity of subscapularis tendon tear, we found that both the incidence of positive sign of the collective physical tests and that of individual physical tests increased significantly as the severity of the subscapularis tear increased (p<0.001). Similarly, the deficit in isokinetic muscle strength showed a tendency to increase as the severity of subscapularis tear increased, but this positive correlation was statistically significant in only the deficit between those with Lafosse type II tears and those with Lafosse type III tears. Conclusions: Although no single diagnostic test surpasses above others in predicting the severity of a subscapularis tear, our study implies that, as a collective unit of tests, the total incidence of the positive rate of the physical tests and the extent of isokinetic strength deficit may correlate with severity of subscapularis tears.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2010

목적: 회전근 개 파열 중 견갑하건의 파열은 극상건이나 극하건의 파열 보다는 드물다. 저자들은 외상 후 발생한 견갑하 건의 단독 파열에 대해 관절경하 봉합술 후 기능적 결과 및 구조적 연속성에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 2월부터 2008년 10월까지 외상 후에 발생한 편측 견갑하건 파열로 관절경하 봉합술을 시행한 15예(남자 13예, 여자 2예, 평균 연령 46.2세, 범위: 35~52세)를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 전 예에서 견갑하건 이외의 다른 회전근 개의 손상의 동반은 없었고 견갑하건의 완전 파열이 9예, 상부 2/3의 파열이 6예였으며 술 후 최소한 2년간 추시 하였다(평균 28개월, 범위: 25~38개월). 술 후 최종 추시 상에서 기능적 평가는 Constant 점수와 미국 견주관절 학회 점수(ASES index)로 판정하였고 자기 공명 영상을 이용하여 봉합부의 연속성을 판정하였다. 결과: 최종 추시 결과 평균 기능적 결과 지수와 근력에 있어서 유의한 호전을 보였으며 Constant 점수는 술 전 41.5점에서 술 후 81.3점으로(P<0.05) ASES 점수는 술 전 46.4점에서 89.6점으로 향상되었다(P<0.05). 13예(87%)에서 술 후 결과에 만족하였으며 완전 파열의 경우가 부분 파열보다 기능적 점수가 높은 경향을 보였다. 술 후 평균 13개월에 촬영한 자기공명영상 검사에서 15예 중 12예(80%)에서 봉합부가 치유된 것으로 판정되었고 봉합부의 연속성이 있는 경우보다 재파열된 예에서 술 후 견관절 기능적 점수가 의미 있게 감소되었다(P<0.05). 결론: 외상성 견갑하건 단독 파열환자에서 관절경하 봉합술을 시행한 결과 동통, 견관절 운동역 및 근력의 유의한 향상 을 보였다. 술 후 봉합부의 연속성은 견관절의 기능과 연관되어 있으며, 비록 완전파열의 경우가 부분파열보다 기능적 점수가 높은 경향을 보였으나 이에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2009

목적: 저자들은 견갑하 건 단독 파열에 대한 쇄골하 삽입구를 이용함으로써 봉합나사못을 보다 적절한 각도로 삽입하고 충분한 작업공간을 확보하여 봉합갈고리를 이용한 건 봉합을 용이하게 할 수 있었다. 대상 및 방법: 기존의 방법은 일반적으로 전방 및 전외측 삽입구를 이용하여 견갑하 건의 견인과 부착부 족문 (footprint)의 변연절제술을 시행한 후 봉합나사못을 삽입하여 복원술을 시행하고 있으며, 저자들은 삽입관을 따로 위치시키지 않고 쇄골하 삽입구를 이용하여 피하 (subcutaneous)로 봉합나사못 삽입과 봉합고리를 이용한 봉합사 통과작업을 시행하고, 전방 삽입구에만 삽입관을 위치시켜 봉합사를 결찰하여 견갑하 건 복원술을 시행하였다. 결과 및 결론: 이 술식은 간단하며 견갑하 건의 부분 파열이나 퇴축이 많이 되지 않은 전 파열에 용이하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2022

Background: Chronic subscapularis tendon tear (SBT) is a degenerative disease and a common pathologic cause of shoulder pain. Several potential risk factors for chronic SBT have been reported. Although metabolic abnormalities are common risk factors for degenerative disease, their potential etiological roles in chronic SBT remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for chronic SBT, with particular attention to metabolic factors. Methods: This study evaluated single shoulders of 939 rural residents. Each subject undertook a questionnaire, physical examinations, blood tests, and simple radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations of bilateral shoulders. Subscapularis tendon integrity was determined by MRI findings based on the thickness of the involved tendons. The association strengths of demographic, physical, social, and radiologic factors, comorbidities, severity of rotator cuff tear (RCT), and serologic parameters for SBT were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. The significance of those analyses was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of SBT was 32.2% (302/939). The prevalence of partial- and full-thickness tears was 23.5% (221/939) and 8.6% (81/939), respectively. The prevalence of isolated SBT was 20.2% (190/939), SBT combined with supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon tear was 11.9% (112/939). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, dominant side involvement (p<0.001), manual labor (p=0.002), diabetes (p<0.001), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), retraction degree of Patte tendon (p<0.001), posterosuperior RCT (p=0.010), and biceps tendon injury (p<0.001) were significantly associated with SBT. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is a potential risk factor for SBT, as are these factors: overuse activity, diabetes, posterosuperior RCT, increased retraction of posterosuperior rotator cuff tendon, and biceps tendon injury.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Background: Fatty degeneration of rotator cuff is a well-known predictor of postoperative outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis, and investigate whether fatty degeneration quantified from only the upper subscapularis correlates better with clinical outcomes than quantified from the whole subscapularis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 315 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue score for pain, range of motion and functional scores were assessed. Integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed at the 1-year follow-up with either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. Results: The mean Goutallier grade of whole cross-section was significantly lower than that of upper cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.71, p<0.05), but significantly higher than that of lower cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.01, p<0.05). In analysis of 37 re-tears, the occupancy of severe fatty degeneration in upper cross-section was 86.5%, which was significantly higher than that seen in whole cross-section (56.8%, p<0.05). We calculated the cut-off tear size for prediction of re-tears as 19.0 mm for retraction and 11.0 mm for superior-inferior. The cut-off Goutallier grade was 2.5 for both whole and upper cross-sections, but area under the curve was greater in the upper cross-section than the whole (0.911 vs. 0.807). Conclusions: As fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis demonstrated a more distinct spectrum than whole subscapularis, we suggest that measuring fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis can be a more useful method to predict clinical prognosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

목적: 견갑하근 상부의 완전 파열 시 봉합나사를 이용한 파열 부 봉합술과 변연절제술을 비교하여 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 5월부터 2007년 10월까지 본원에서 견갑하근 상부의 완전 파열에 대해 봉합나사를 이용한 관절경 감시하의 봉합술을 시행한 69예와 변연절제술을 시행한 30예의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 견갑하근 손상의 범위는 상부 1/3인 경우를 대상으로 하였다. 결과의 판정은 최초 내원 시점과 최종 추시의 UCLA 와 ASES 중 일상생활지수 (ADL)과 통증 점수를 비교하였다. 결과: 1군과 2군 모두 UCLA, ASES score, ASES score 중 통증에 대한 VAS 점수, 5점을 만점으로 한 내 회전 근력평가평가에서 술 전 보다 술 후 결과가 향상되었다. 1군과 2군의 비교에서 술 후 UCLA 및 VAS 점수는 p>0.05로 차이가 없었고, ASES점수 및 내 회전 근력에 대한 평가는 p<0.05로 의미 있는 차이가 있었다. 결론: 견갑하근의 상부 완전파열 시 견갑하근 봉합술은 단순 변연절제술보다 좋은 치료방법으로 고려할 수 있다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Background: Few studies have reported the results of arthroscopic coracoplasty concomitantly conducted with subscapularis tear. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and compare the outcomes of arthroscopic subscapularis repair after arthroscopic coracoplasty using either the subacromial approach or rotator interval approach. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients who underwent coracoplasty with subscapularis repair. The patients were grouped according to whether the subacromial approach group (24 patients) or rotator interval approach group (27 patients) was used during coracoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale scores, American shoulder and elbow surgeons scores, Korean shoulder scores, and range of motion (ROM) were assessed. Assessment of repaired rotator cuff tendon integrity was performed at 1 year after surgery using either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. Results: At final follow-up, overall functional scores and ROM improved significantly in both groups when compared with preoperative values (p>0.05). The re-tear rates were not significantly different between groups; however, the rotator interval approach group showed a significant increase in ROM compared with that in the subacromial approach group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Arthroscopic coracoplasty conducted concomitantly with subscapularis repair can provide a satisfactory outcome. There were no significant differences between the two approach groups regarding final functional scores and re-tear rates. However, the rotator interval approach group showed a greater increase in ROM at final follow-up, especially in external rotation.