• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2003

The 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have been concerned with the slability/function characteristics of the structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and the wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. So, to investigate the variation characteristics of the wave transmission ratio which depended on a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width were obviously presented. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is higher than about 4 times the degree at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of the covering block at the crest generated at the region which was located between the maximum and minimum damage curve, and it's maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure was $0.2\;L_s.$ As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When the maximum scour depth happened, the destruction of the covering block which was located at the toe generated at the front of the submerged rubble-mound breakwater. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of the structure may be obtained by the efficient decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of the wave transmission ratio.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

In the present paper, the hydrodynamic properties of a Rahmen type flexible porous breakwater with dual fixed pontoon system interacting with obliquely or normally incident small amplitude waves are numerically investigated. This system is composed of dual vertical porous membranes hinged at the side edges of dual fixed pontoons, and a submerged horizontal membrane that both ends are hinged at the steel frames mounted pontoons. The dual vertical membranes are extended downward and hinged at bottom steal frame fixed into seabed. The wave blocking and dissipation mechanism and its effects of permeability, Rahmen type membrane and pontoon geometry, pretensions on membranes, relative dimensionless wave number, and incident wave headings are thoroughly examined.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.690-694
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• 2005

It is necessary that the construction of submerged breakwater could minimize and compensate the negative effect on the marine environment and ecosystem caused by the Saemangeum reclamation. The important merit of this proposal is that the space between Saemangeum embankment and submerged breakwater is expected to become nursery ground for fish and shellfishes. The purpose of this study was investigated hydraulic characteristic of submerged breakwater to investigate the possibility of mitigation in the fisheries ground by hydraulic experiment.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2001

This study is focused on the wave control by economical multi-rowed impermeable submerged breakwaters which need less materials than a one-rowed submerged breakwater. A boundary element method and eigenfunction expansion method based on the Green\`s theorem are appled to analyze the characteristics of wave transformation. Submerged breakwaters are consisted of one and two-row with rectangular section. Wave transformation characteristics are investigated by the various combinations of placement distance and crown water depth.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2017

수중에 설치되는 잠제는 해안침식을 방어하기 위한 대표적인 연안구조물로 지금까지 다양한 형태의 잠제가 제안 연구되어 왔다. 이와 같은 잠제는 천단에서의 급격한 수심변화에 의해 구조물 주변에서 복잡한 파동장을 형성한다. 본 연구는 3차원투과성잠제를 대상으로 잠제 주변에서 형성되는 파고분포 및 평균수위분포를 수치적으로 검토하였다. 수치해석에는 오픈소스 CFD 소스코드인 OLAFOAM을 적용하였으며, 투과성직립벽 및 불투과성 잠제에 대한 기존의 실험결과와의 비교를 통해 수치해석모델의 적용성을 검증하였다. 이를 바탕으로 설상사주의 형성조건에 있는 투과성잠제 주변에서 형성되는 파고분포 및 평균수위분포를 검토하였다. 수치해석결과, 잠제 사이의 개구부 폭이 감소할수록 개구부 중앙에서는 파고가 증가하지만 개구부 배후에서는 개구폭이 증가할수록 파고가 증가하며, 연안으로부터의 잠제 설치위치는 파고의 변화에 크게 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한, 잠제의 개구부 폭이 감소함에 따라 잠제 개구부의 제두부 근방에서 평균수위 하강이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2004

Five parameters such as the entrance size of the front wall, conduit size, wave period, wave height and the width of water pool were selected to estimate the inflow rate, which is basic and essential input data to design seawater exchange breakwater with a submerged mound by conducting hydraulic model experiments. In the results of multiple regression analysis, log-log equation showed a good agreement rather than linear equation and the estimation of inflow rate was well done with only two parameters except entrance size of the front wall, wave period and the width of water pool. Finally, non-dimensional flow rate equation is derived.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1994

A theoretical formulation is performed to investigate the wave reflection and transmission ratios by a submerged multi-layered rubble-mound breakwater. This theory, which is based on the linear boundary integral method, can be extended to the multi-layered breakwater with arbitrary cross section. In the theoretical analysis evanescent mode wave is not considered, since fictitious open boundaries are put on the places far from the structure. Therefore the mathematical presentation may be simpler, and computational time shorter. The validity of obtained numerical results is demonstrated by comparing with ones of impermeable and permeable breakwaters. Comparison shows resonable agreement. On the basis of these verifications this theory is applied to the one and two-layered submerged rubble-mound breakwater with trapezoidal type.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 탄성 지지된 잠수 평판으로 이루어진 방파제의 파랑감쇠 성능을 고찰하였다. 이 방파제는 파랑감쇠를 위하여 입사파, 산란파 그리고 방사파의 위상 상호작용을 이용한다. 유동장을 기술하기 위하여 선형포텐셜 이론을 도입하였으며, 특이점 분포방법을 적용하였다. 잠수된 평판은 강체라고 가정하였으며, 탄성지지는 일정한 탄성계수를 가진 선형 스프링으로 간주하였다. 수치계산을 위하여 직사각형 평판을 고려하였다. 수치해의 안정성을 위하여 영향행렬의 조건수를 조사하여 평판의 두께를 결정하였다. 탄성지지의 강성이 방파제의 성능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 한편 잠수 깊이가 파랑감쇠에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 계산결과에 의하면 방파제의 공진 진동수가 입사파의 진동수보다 약간 작게 설정되어야 파랑감쇠가 최대로 일어남을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

Owing to the advantages of assuring the best views and seawater exchange, submerged breakwaters have been widely installed along the eastern coast of Korea in recent years. It significantly contributes to promoting the advancement of shorelines by partially inhibiting incident wave energy. Observations were carried out by a pressure-type wave gauge in the Bongpo Beach to evaluate the coefficients of wave transmission via a submerged breakwater, and the results obtained were compared with those of existing conventional equations on the transmission coefficient derived from hydraulic experiments. After reviewing the existing equations, we proposed a transmission coefficient equation in terms of an error function. Although it exhibited robust relationships with the crest height and breaking coefficient, deviations from the observed data were evident and considered to be triggered by the difference in the incident wave climate. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a numerical experiment to verify the influence of wave period on the coefficients of wave transmission, in which we adopted a parabolic-type mild-slope equation model. Consequently, the deviation from calculated results appears to practically cover all deviation range in the observed data. The wave period and direction of the incident wave increased, the transmission coefficient decreased, and the wave direction was determined to demonstrate a relatively significant influence on the transmission coefficient. It was inferred that this numerical study is expected to be used practically in evaluating the design achievement of the submerged breakwater, which is adopted as a countermeasure to coastal beach erosion.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.201-226
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• 2020

A systematic numerical comparative study of the performance of semicircular and rectangular submerged breakwaters interacting with solitary waves is the basis of this paper. To accomplish this task, Nwogu's extended Boussinesq model equations are employed to simulate the interaction of the wave with breakwaters. The finite difference technique has been used to discretize the spatial terms while a fourth-order predictor-corrector method is employed for time discretization in our numerical model. The proposed computational scheme uses a staggered-grid system where the first-order spatial derivatives have been discretized with fourth-order accuracy. For validation purposes, five test cases are considered and numerical results have been successfully compared with the existing analytical and experimental results. The performances of the rectangular and semicircular breakwaters have been examined in terms of the wave reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients (RTD coefficients) denoted by K_R, K_T, K_D. The latter coefficient K_D emerges due to the non-energy conserving K_R and K_T. Our computational results and graphical illustrations show that the rectangular breakwater has higher reflection coefficients than semicircular breakwater for a fixed crest height, but as the wave height increases, the two reflection coefficients approach each other. un the other hand, the rectangular breakwater has larger dissipation coefficients compared to that of the semicircular breakwater and the difference between them increases as the height of the crest increases. However, the transmission coefficient for the semicircular breakwater is greater than that of the rectangular breakwater and the difference in their transmission coefficients increases with the crest height. Quantitatively, for rectangular breakwaters the reflection coefficients K_R are 5-15% higher while the diffusion coefficients K_D are 3-23% higher than that for the semicircular breakwaters, respectively. The transmission coefficients K_T for rectangular breakwater shows the better performance up to 2.47% than that for the semicircular breakwaters. Based on our computational results, one may conclude that the rectangular breakwater has a better overall performance than the semicircular breakwater. Although the model equations are non-dissipative, the non-energy conserving transmission and reflection coefficients due to wave-breakwater interactions lead to dissipation type contribution.