• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.272-277
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• 2005

Initial mixing characteristics in near field regions were analyzed by FLOW-3D, for analyzing mixing behavior of submerged discharge from freshwater lake in sea water. FLOW-3D model was applied to the region near Geum-ho dike for its verification. Simulation results from FLOW-3D were compared to the observed data for the verification periods. FLOW-3D showed resonable prediction results compared to the observed data, except underestimation in area near outfall. Particularly, FLOW-3D showed a good prediction for movement of buoyancy jets. In addition, FLOW-3D model was applied to the region near Saemangeum dike, which is to be constructed in near future. It was expected that the results of model application to Saemangeum area could provide substantial information in planning submerged discharge facilities. Based on the model applications to Saemangeum area, it was recommended that outfall should be located to the distance which gave an enough depth of outfall from water surface.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2004

Pressure wave propagation in the discharge piping with a sparger submerged in a water pool, following the opening of a safety relief valve, is analyzed. To predict the pressure transient behavior, a RELAP5/MOD3 code is used. The applicability of the RELAP5 code and the adequacy of the present modeling scheme are confirmed by simulating the applicable experiment on a water hammer with voiding. As a base case, the modeling scheme was used to calculate the wave propagation inside a vertical pipe with sparger holes and submerged within a water pool. In addition, the effects on wave propagation of geometric factors, such as the loss coefficient, the pipe configuration, and the subdivision of sparger pipe, are investigated. The effects of inflow conditions, such as water slug inflow and the slow opening of a safety relief valve are also examined.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.109-119
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• 2011

In this study, the flow characteristics of Han River Estuary were investigated by using a two-dimensional numerical model according to the assumption of shift and modification of the Shingok submerged weir. The two-dimensional analysis has contributed to our understanding of the hydraulic effects induced by shift of the weir on the topography, especially wetlands. The tide and flow discharge of 2007 were adopted as an input data for the simulation. The tidal data contained both spring and neap tide, and the flow discharge condition was divided into monsoon and normal seasons. The boundaries of this study were Hangang Bridge, Tongil Bridge, and Yu island. The simulation results showed that influence area of seawater changed depending on the weir shift, and the water level at particular station fluctuated according to the condition of tide and flow discharge.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2009

Achieved monitoring regularly about fishway that is a intake dam belongings to Kyeongchon for 5 years. Result that achieve monitoring, discovered pressing issue of opening and closing degree of discharge control part in fishway. In this research, analyze discharge relation with fishway and intake sluice and presented operation plan of opening and closing of discharge control part. Investigated necessity intake discharge and benefited area to analyze relation of discharge that is flowed in fishway and discharge escaping by intake sluice. When opened discharge control part step by step gradually, analyzed discharge. Compared with survey discharge making ration curve of fishway and intake sluice using orifice and submerged weir formula. Because operation of intake dam is necessary intake discharge and upriver inflow discharge by time, operation uses by survey discharge and calculated opening discharge of fishway by opening discharge of intake sluice via monthly inflow discharge. To sum up, calculated floodgate opening height of fishway by water level to present maintenance standard of intake dam.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4B
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• pp.309-314
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• 2011

Analysis of discharge characteristics through control gates at river crossing structures is important for an effective water level control and water resources management. In recent years, many river control structures in four major rivers are under construction but only few researches on discharge characteristics at control gates could be found in Korea. The discharge characteristics depend on both shape of control gates and the effects of downstream water-depth. In this research, classification index for discharge patterns (free weir, submerged weir, free orifice, submerged orifice) through a control gate were reviewed with $h_g/h_1$, $h_3/h_g$, and $h_3/h_1$. Classification criteria of discharge patterns were also suggested. Representative discharge estimation equations for each discharge patterns were adopted and discharge coefficients were developed from a hydraulic model for a specific control gate which will be constructed in Nakdong river. Reliability of the derived discharge equation and coefficients were confirmed by comparisons between the real discharge in a model and the predicted discharge from the results of this research.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the control function of discharged flow due to the shape and plane arrangement of permeable submerged breakwater. For the discussion on it in detail, 3-dimensional numerical model based on PBM (Porous Body Model), which is able to simulate directly interaction of Fluid Permeable structure Seabed has been used to simulate water discharge in a NWT (Numerical Water Tank). To verify the applicability, LES-WASS-3D is analyzed comparing to the experimental result about propagation characteristics of dam-break wave through a permeable structure. Using the results obtained from numerical simulation, the effects of the shape and plane arrangement of submerged breakwater on reducing velocity and flow induction have been discussed related to the mean flow distribution and vertical distributions of horizontal velocities around ones.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.961-969
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• 2016

Due to the recent requirement of installing low-head structures considering environmental aspects, various types of fixed weir have been suggested. However, the design guideline of transverse structures for practical application is very limited. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the hydraulic properties of the fixed weirs installed at the small and middle sized rivers of Korea depending on the physical specifications to provide fundamental data that may be reflected to the design of a low-head fixed weir considering the relevant environmental aspects. The basic discharge coefficient of slope-type and step-type weirs depending on change of crest was estimated, and a stage-discharge curve was developed. In addition, the flow properties under free flow and submerged flow conditions were analyzed by varying the hydraulic conditions such as discharge and crest.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2000

Hydrodynamic mixing characteristics of submerged effluent discharges into Masan Bay were investigated by both field observations and numerical model simulations. CORMIX model, a length-scale mixing model, was adopted to obtain the near-field dilution and wastefield characteristics of the effluent discharges into Masan Bay. Model predictions of the near-field dilution rates were in a good agreement with field observations in summer and winter seasons. Seasonal variations in the dilution rates showed that the highest dilution rate was obtained in winter while the lowest dilution rate was in summer. As the effluent discharges are increased with the treatment capacity expansion to be completed by 2011, the dilution rates are expected to be much reduced and the near-field stability of the wastefields will become unstable due to the increased effluent discharges.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.93-111
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• 2004

온수 방류방식의 분류는 냉각수 공급방식별로 냉각수 통과방식(once-through cooling system)과 냉각수 재순환방식(closed-cycle cooling: system)으로 구분된다. 배출구조별 분류는 수표면방류 방식(surface discharge type)과 수중방류 방식(submerged discharge type)으로 구분된다. 국내 외의 연구결과 수중 방류방식이 희석효과가 좋아 환경에 미치는 영향이 작은 것으로 평가되고 있으나, 국내의 발전소에서는 대부분 수표면방류 방식을 채택하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.2 s.175
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• pp.135-146
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• 2007

FLDWAV model was modified such that it can adequately simulate the effect of Jamsil and Singok submerged weirs in the main reach of the Han River. The enhanced model combines weir-type discharge equations for overflow at fixed weir and Manning equation for fluvial-type flow at the movable weir. Equations for weir overflow include those for submerged weir flow and free overflow. Gates of the movable weir may be open or closed for the simulation. In order to test the simulation capabilities, the enhanced model was applied for various flow conditions at submerged weirs. Backwater effect due to Jamsil and Singok submerged weirs were well simulated. Simulations were carried out for spring and neap tides extracted from artificial tide generated by combining $M_2\;and\;S_2$ tidal constituents. Simulation results cleared indicated that tidal effect extends further upstream as the flood discharge decreases. Low flow simulation capabilities of the enhanced model was tested. Discontinuities of water surface elevation due to the submerged weirs were successively simulated.