• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 1991

Pleomorphic adenoma is a circumscribed tumor characterized microscopically by its pleomorphic or mixed appearance, and its clearly recognizable tissue intermingled with areas of mucoid, myxoid, or chondroid appearance. Plemorphic adenoma, the most common tumor of the salivary glands, is now generally accepted as epithelial and benign, and therefore an adenoma. Pleomorphic adenoma occurs about 10 times more often in the parotid gland than in the submandibular gland, and is rare in the sublingual gland of the major salivary gland. And it occurs most often in the parotid and lip, but is very rare in the buccal mucosa of the minor salivary gland. The reported age of occurrence for pleomorphic adenoma ranges from 5 to 84 years, with a peak incidence during the third decade. We experienced a case of pleomorphic adenoma which occurring in buccal mucosa of 13-year-old boy. And so both the site of origin and age of occurrence make this case unusual. This lesion was treated with surgical excision. No specific change has seen in 1 year postoperative follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : Salivary gland neoplasms are unique because of their infrequency, inconsistent classification, and highly variable biologic behavior. The aim of this study is to analysis the histopathologic classification of salivary glnad neoplasm and to suggest a guideline of management. Materials and Methods : The medical records of 310 patients with salivary gland neoplasm who treated at Asan medical center between 1992 and 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 310 patients, 138 patients were male and 172 patients were female. Mean age was 50.5 years. Results : Benign salivary neoplasms were 213 cases. They consisted of 153 cases (71.8%) of parotid tumor, 41 cases (19.2%) of submandibular gland tumor and 19 cases (8.9%) of minor salivary gland tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm. Malignant salivary neoplasms were 97 cases. They consisted of 45 cases (46.4%) of parotid tumor, 26 cases(26.8%) of minor salivary gland tumor, 24 cases(24.7%) of submandibular gland tumor and 2 cases(2.1%) of sublingual gland tumor. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant neoplasm. Conclusions : The most commonly involved gland was parotid (64%) and the most frequent tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (52%). Although the majority of minor salivary gland neoplasms are malignant, three of parotid tumors are benign.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

Mucoceles and Ranulas are mucous retention phenomena, ie, they develop from the extravasation or retention of mucous after trauma to the sublingual gland or one of the minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are chronic in nature, and local surgical excision is necessary. To minimize the chance for recurrence, the underlying feeder glands should be removed in continuity with the mucocele. Ranula is a term used for mucoceles that occur in the floor of the mouth Treatment consists of marsupialization and/or removal of the feeding sublingual gland. Marsupialization entails removal of the roof of the intraoral lesion. However this procedure is often unsuccessful. Some prefer initially to excise the entire sublingual gland. This case report presents two cases. one case was developed on lower lip and treated by marsupialization. There was no recurrence during follow up period.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to investigate clinical feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the major salivary gland. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken for 23 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary gland, who completed postoperative radiotherapy at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Hospital between May 1981 and December 1999. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Median age was 50. Follow up periods were 12-180 months with the median follow-up time of 59 months. Results: Parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland were 17, 5 and 1 respectively. Overall failure rate was 26%. Local failure was observed in two patients with parotid gland origin. Five cases showed distant failure. Overall and disease free survival rate were 68% and 72% respectively. Conclusion: Major pattern of failure was distant failure. Resection margin status had not prognostic significance. Postoperative radiation treatment is an effective to control in the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary gland.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.663-666
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• 2009

Purpose: Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are uncommon. The parotid gland was most frequently involved, followed by the submandibular gland, minor salivary gland and sublingual gland. The most common subtype is mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma. We experienced a case of salivary MALT lymphoma involving parotid gland duct, so report a case with a review of the literature. Methods: A 65 year old female presented with a palpable mass on the left side of her cheek. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of pre - existing autoimmune disease. Preoperative facial and neck CT with contrast showed $2.1{\times}1.7cm$ sized, ill defined, homogeneous low density mass near left masseter muscle, and no evidence of other enlarged lymph nodes. Results: At operation, a yellowish oval shaped mass was found slightly adhered to middle portion of the parotid gland duct, meaduring $2{\times}1.5{\times}0.7cm$. Microscopic finding showed that centrocyte - like cells, monocyte B cells and plasma cells were diffusely infiltrated. Immunophenotyping was preformed on fixed section. The majority of the small cells were immunoreactive for the B cell marker CD20. Based on the typical histological findings supported by immunostaining, the mass was defined as MALT lymphoma. Conclusion: We report that very rare case of MALT lymphoma involving parotid gland duct in 65 year old female patient was experienced with clinical characteristics, histologic features and references.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

The authors analyzed retrospectively the 36 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors who were treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from February, 1989 to September, 1997. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were 14 males(38.9%) and 22 females(61.1%). The peak age of patients with major salivary gland tumors was the 6th decade, but with minor salivary gland was the 5th decade. 2. Of all salivary gland tumors, 5 cases arose in the parotid glands, 2 cases in the submanibular glands, 1 case in the sublingual gland and 28 cases in the minor salivary glands. 3. The incidence according to the anatomic primary site for minor salivary glands was 15 cases in the palate, 5 in the floor of mouth and 2 cases each arising in the tongue, lip, retromolar area and buccal mucosa. 4. Of all salivary gland tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma was 5 cases in the major salivary glands and 8 in the minor salivary glands. mucoepidermoid carcinoma was 2 cases in the major salivary glands and 14 in the minor salivary glands and others were 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 4 malignant mixed tumors and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma. 5. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 100%(2/2) in the submandibular glands, 80%(4/5) in the floor of mouth, 50%(1/2) in the tongue and 20%(1/5) in the parotid glands. The highest incidence of lymph node metastasis according to histopathological classfication was found in the high grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma. 6. Nerve invasion was common in the adenoid cystic carcinoma. 7. The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 7 cases among 7 cases in which distant spread occurred.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

Mammals have 3 pairs of major salivary glands i.e., the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Saliva secretion of these glands is modulated by taste perception. Salivary glands are composed mainly of acinar and ductal cells. Primary saliva is secreted by acinar cells and modified during ductal flow. Recently, of the murine 35 bitter taste receptors, Tas2r108 was expressed at highest levels in the submandibular gland by qPCR. Further, Tas2r108-transfected cells respond to a range of bitter compounds, such as denatonium, quinine, colchicine, diphenidol, caffeine and dapson. The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression of Tas2r108 mRNA in acinar and/or ductal cells of the submandibular gland using in situ hybridization (ISH). Male 42-60 days old DBA2 mice were used in the study. Messenger RNAs were extracted from the submandibular gland for generating digoxigenin (DIG) labeled-cRNA probes. These probes were transcribed in anti-sense and sense orientation using T7 RNA polymerase. Dot blot hybridization was performed using DIG labeled-cRNA probes, in order to estimate integrity and optimal diluting concentration of these probes. Subsequently, ISH was performed on murine submandibular gland to detect Tas2r108 mRNA. Dot blot hybridization data demonstrated that Tas2r108 DIG labeled-cRNA anti-sense probes specifically detected Tas2r108 cDNA. ISH results showed that the anti-sense probes labeled acinar and ductal cells in the submandibular gland, whereas no staining was visible in sense controls. Interestingly, the Tas2r108 expression levels were higher in acinar than ductal cells. These results suggested that Tas2r108 might be more associated with primary saliva secretion than with ductal modification of saliva composition.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to observe the histopathologic changes in salivary gland of the white rats when exposed to megavoltage fractionated dose of cobalt-60 irradiation and 78 female white rats, weighing approximately 180gm, were divided into control and 3 experimental groups. Irradiation on experimental groups was delivered by using 6000 curies MeV ALCYON cobalt-60 teletherapy unit with exposure rate 183 rads per minute, in source skin distance 80cm, 600 rads every 3 days. In experimental groups, Group Ⅰwas irradiated of total dose 1200 rads for a period of 6 days, Group Ⅱ was irradiated of total dose 2400 rads for a period of 12 days and Group Ⅲ was irradiated of total dose of 4800 rads for a period of 24 days. The animals were sacrificed serially at 3 hours, 6 hours, 10 hours, 1st day, 4th day, 7th day after each completion of irradiation exposure. At sacrifice, salivary glands were excised and examined microscopically and electromicroscopically. The results were as follows: 1. The acinar cells of parotid and submaxillary gland showed damage varied with dose, 1200 rads resulted in very mild injury while 4800 rads caused most extensive injury. 2. The acinar cells of parotid and submandibular gland showed similar ultrastructural alterations, appeared as pleomorphic nucleus, decreased numbers and pleomorphism of secretory granules, distention of rough endplasmic reticulum, expansion and pallor appearance of mitochondria, and hypertrophy of Golgi complex. 3. Parotid serous cells were the most sensitive components, displaying morphological alterations of radiation damage as early as 3 hours, followed by submandibular seromucinous cells and secretory tubular cells. 4. The mucous cells of sublingual gland, as well as the whole ductal lining cells of each salivary gland, displayed no significant alterations. No evidence of microvascular injury through whole experimental groups indicated that microvascular impairment does not contribute to early salivary gland injury.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary benign tumor, constituting over 60% of parotid gland tumor, 25% of sublingual gland tumor and 50% of minor salivary gland tumor. It is somewhat more frequent in the fourth to sixth decades. The recurrent rate which enforces only a simple enucleation is very high $(20{\sim}45%)$. Histologically, it contains the epithelial cell, the myo-epithelial cell and mesenchymal ingredient, which is various aspect. We analyzed clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically the patients(34 cases) who are diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma in Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentisty, Dankook university since 1998. The results are as follow: 1. The incidence of the tumor was most frequent in age 30 to 50. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.43. 2. The most chief complain was a painless mass(94.1%) and the duration time was more than decade in 18 cases(52.9%). 3. Palate(soft & hard palate) was the most occurred site(64.7%). In major salivary glands, the parotid gland was the most frequent site(17.6%). 4. The tumor size was 2 to 3cm on the average. Most of tumors were with capsule(91.2%). 5. Surgical excision was a main treatment method(20 cases, 58.8%) and 14 cases were excised with a glandectomy, 1 case was treated with a partial maxillectomy. Only 1 case of all cases was recurred. 6. Histopathologically, 9 cases(26.5%) were cellular type, 11 cases(32.4%) were intermediate(classic) type and 14 cases(41.1%) were myxoid type. 7. Immunohistochemically, the specimen of all tumors reacted positively to cytokeratin and vimentin marker.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.283-288
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• 2013

As an uncommon, malignant salivary gland tumor with female predominance, hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is regarded as an indolent tumor. The diagnosis of this rare tumor is challenging, and it depends on microscopic and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. Although it is regarded as an indolent tumor, there are reports of unconventional forms with aggressive clinical courses. We report an atypical case of this rare tumor, HCCC, in a male patient who had a relatively large-sized mass ($3.8{\times}3.0$ cm) on the right mouth floor with ipsilateral neck node metastasis. The clinical, radiological, pathological, and IHC features together with the clinical course are described.