• 제목/요약/키워드: Subjective Intensity Level

검색결과 49건 처리시간 0.025초

하계 항만열환경정보 제공을 위한 열환경 평가 및 예보시스템 구축 (Heat Stress Assessment and the Establishment of a Forecast System to Provide Thermophysiological Indices for Harbor Workers in Summer)

  • 황미경;윤진아;김현수;김영준;임연주;이영미;김영남;윤의경;김유근
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.92-101
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: Outdoor workers are exposed to thermally stressful work environments. In this study, heat stress indices for harbor workers in summer were calculated to evaluate thermal comfort based on a human heat balance model. These indices are Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Dehydration Risk (DhR), and Overheating Risk (OhR) according to respective stage of cargo work in a harbor. In addition, we constructed a forecast system to provide heat stress information. Methods: Thermophysiological indices in this study were calculated using the MENEX model (i.e. the human heat balance model), which used as inputs the meteorological parameters, clothing insulation, and metabolic rate for each stage of cargo work in the harbor of Masan over the course of seven days, including a four-day heat wave. The forecast heat stress information constructed for Masan harbor was based on meteorological data supported by the Dong-Nae Forecast from the KMA (Korea Metrological Administration) and other input parameters. Results: According to higher metabolic rate, thermophysiological indices showed a critical level. In particular, PST was evaluated as reaching the 'Very hot' or 'Hot' level during all seven days, despite the heat occurring over only four. It is important in a regard to consider the work environment conditions (i.e. labor intensity and clothing in harbor). On a webpage, the forecast thermophysiological indices show as infographics to be easily understand. This webpage is comprised of indices for both current conditions and the forecast, with brief guidance. Conclusion: Thermophysiological indices show the risk level to health during a heat wave period. Heat stress information could help to protect the health of harbor workers. Further, this study could extend the applicability of these indices to a variety of outdoor workers in consideration of work environments.

융복합을 활용한 휠체어 트레드밀과 암에르고미터 점증부하운동검사 시 심폐기능, 운동자각도 및 젖산농도 비교 (A Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Function, RPE, and Blood Lactate following in Wheelchair Treadmill and Arm Ergometer GXT Test through Convergence)

  • 장홍영;김종혁
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제14권9호
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    • pp.553-561
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 비장애인 휠체어 농구 선수 11명을 대상으로 휠체어트레드밀과 암 에르고미터의 점증부하운동검사 시 심폐기능, 운동자각도 및 젖산 농도를 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 휠체어트레드밀과 암 에르고미터의 점증부하운동검사 시 호흡가스분석기와 무선 심박수 측정기를 사용하여 심폐기능을 알아보았으며, 보그 스케일을 이용하여 운동자각도를 측정하였고, 젖산 분석기를 사용하여 안정 시, 운동직후, 회복기 2분, 4분, 6분, 10분의 혈중 젖산 농도를 측정하였다. 측정된 데이터는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 통하여 종속 t-검증(paired t-test)을 실시하여 분석하였고 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심폐기능 변인 중 최대산소섭취량은 암 에르고미터가 높게 나타났으며, 호흡교환율은 휠체어트레드밀이 높게 나타났으며, 최대 심박수는 휠체어트레드밀이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 주관적 운동 강도에서는 종료 점에서 암 에르고미터에서 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 혈중 젖산 농도는 운동 직후 암 에르고미터에서 높게 나타났다.

시가화지역 식물군집 특성에 기초한 비오톱 유형분류 (Biotope Type Classification based on the Vegetation Community in Built-up Area)

  • 김지석;정태준;홍석환
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.454-461
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 시가화지역의 서로 다른 토지이용을 대상으로 식물군집에 기초한 비오톱 유형분류를 실시하고 비오톱 지도를 작성하였다. 군집분류법에 의한 비오톱 유형화는 생물군집의 서식지인 비오톱의 특성을 잘 반영한다고 할 수 있었다. 연구대상지의 비오톱유형 분류 지표는 이용강도, 토지이용형태, 토지피복유형과 같은 인간행태적 요인으로 나타났다. 유형분류는 4단계 위계로 상위의 Biotope Class를 시작으로 Biotope Group, Biotope Type, Biotope Sub-Type으로 위계를 두어 구분하였다. Biotope Class는 인간간섭여부에 따른 가장 상위 분류로 인간간섭지역과 미간섭지역으로 구분되었다. 인간의 간섭지역은 투수여부에 따라 Biotope Group으로 분류되었고 틈새투수지역은 넓은 틈새와 좁은 틈새의 Biotope Type으로, 투수식생지역은 평지식생지와 사면식생지의 Biotope Type으로 분류되었다. 각 비오톱 유형의 식별종은 감태나무(Lindera glauca), 망초(Conyza canadensis), 주름잎(Mazus pumilus), 얼치기완두(Vicia tetrasperma), 뽀리뱅이(Crepidiastrum sonchifolium), 잔디(Zoysia japonica), 개소시랑개비(Potentilla supina), 큰김의털(Festuca arundinacea)이었다. 본 연구의 검증결과는 기존의 토지이용 현황에 기반하며 연구자의 주관적인 측면이 개입되는 비오톱 유형분류 기준에 대해서 식물사회학적 접근을 통한 유형 분류의 방법론이 유용함을 제시하고 있다. 또한 향후 제작될 수 있는 다양한 형태의 자연환경 지도 유형분류에 있어 보다 객관적이고 과학적인 방법의 적용가능성을 제시한 것에 의의를 갖는다.

The effects of different metal posts, cements, and exposure parameters on cone-beam computed tomography artifacts

  • Ana Priscila Lira de Farias Freitas;Larissa Rangel Peixoto;Fernanda Clotilde Mariz Suassuna;Patricia Meira Bento;Ana Marly Araujo Maia Amorim;Karla Rovaris Silva;Renata Quirino de Almeida Barros;Andrea dos Anjos Pontual de Andrade Lima;Daniela Pita de Melo
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study assessed the intensity of artifacts produced by 2 metal posts, 2 cements, and different exposure parameters using 2 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) units. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 20 single-rooted premolars, divided into 4 groups: Ni-Cr/zinc phosphate, Ni-Cr/resin cement, Ag-Pd/zinc phosphate, and Ag-Pd/resin cement. Samples were scanned before and after post insertion and cementation using a CS9000 3D scanner with 4 exposure parameters (85/90 kV and 6.3/10 mA) and an i-CAT scanner with 120 kV and 5 mA. The presence of artifacts was assessed subjectively by 2 observers and objectively by a trained observer using ImageJ software. The Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, weighted kappa, and chi-square tests were used to assess data at a 95% confidence level(α<0.05). Results: In the subjective analyses, AgPd presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than NiCr (P<0.05), and more hypodense halos were found using i-CAT (P<0.05) than using CS9000 3D. More hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines were observed at 10 mA than at 6.3 mA (P<0.05). More hypodense halos were observed at 85 kV than at 90 kV (P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than i-CAT (P<0.05). In the objective analyses, AgPd presented higher percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts than NiCr (P<0.05). Zinc phosphate cement presented higher hyperdense artifact percentages on CS9000 3D scans(P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented higher artifact percentages than i-CAT(P<0.05). Conclusion: High-atomic-number alloys, higher tube current, and lower tube voltage may increase the artifacts present in CBCT images.

청·중년층의 고혈압에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 2021년 지역사회건강조사 자료 활용 (A Study on Factors Affecting Hypertension in Young and Middle-aged Groups: Using Data from the 2021 Community Health Survey)

  • 남영희
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2024
  • 목적: 본 연구는 청·중년 고혈압환자의 일반적 특성과 신체활동 특성을 살펴보고, 주요 영향 요인을 파악하여 보건의료 정책제언을 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 방법: 연구의 대상자는 2021년 지역사회건강조사에서 청년과 중년(19세~49세)의 고혈압 진단자 5,511명이다. 수집된 자료의 SPSS 26.0으로 분석하였다. 결과: 모형 1은 일반적인 특성에 따른 청·중년 고혈압환자의 영향 요인으로 설명력은 R2= .065이다. 경제활동 유무(𝛽= -.219, p<.001), 주당 아침 식사 횟수(𝛽= .117, p<.001), 성별(𝛽= .090, p<.001), 주관적 건강상태(𝛽= .073, p<.001), 교육 수준(𝛽= .069, p<.001) 순이다. 모형 2는 신체활동 특성을 포함한 청·중년 고혈압 환자의 영향 요인으로 설명력 R2= .076이다. 근력운동 일수(𝛽= -4.791, p<.001), 걷기 실천 일수(𝛽= -2.694, p<.01), 고강도 신체활동(𝛽= -2.629, p<.01) 순이다. 결론: 청·중년 고혈압의 적극적인 관리는 심각한 질환으로의 진행을 예방하는 데 필수적이다. 청·중년의 고혈압 예방을 위해서는 일반적 특성과 신체활동 특성을 고려한 건강증진 프로그램을 개발하고 활용하는 보건교육이 필요하다.

자기공명분석기를 이용한 통증관리 (Clinical Study of Acute and Chronic Pain by the Application of Magnetic Resonance Analyser $I_{TM}$)

  • 박욱;진희철;조명현;윤석준;이진승;이정석;최석환;김성열
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 1993
  • In 1984, a magnetic resonance spectrometer(magnetic resonance analyser, MRA $I_{TM}$) was developed by Sigrid Lipsett and Ronald J. Weinstock in the USA, Biomedical applications of the spectrometer have been examined by Dr. Hoang Van Duc(pathologist, USC), and Nakamura, et al(Japan). From their theoretical views, the biophysical functions of this machine are to analyse and synthesize a healthy tissue and organ resonance pattern, and to detect and correct an abnormal tissue and organ resonance pattern. All of the above functions are based on Quantum physics. The healthy tissue and organ resonance patterns are predetermined as standard magnetic resonance patterns by digitizing values based on peak resonance emissions(response levels or high pitched echo-sounds amplified via human body). In clinical practice, a counter or neutralizing resonance pattern calculated by the spectrometer can correct a phase-shifted resonance pattern(response levels or low pitched echo-sounds) of a diseased tissue and organ. By administering the counter resonance pattern into the site of pain and trigger point, it is possible to readjust the phase-shifted resonance pattern and then to alleviate pain through regulation of the neurotransmitter function of the nervous system. For assessing clinical effectiveness of pain relief with MRA $I_{TM}$ this study was designed to estimate pain intensity by the patient's subjective verbal rating scale(VRS such as graded to no pain, mild, moderate and severe) before application of it, to evaluate an amount of pain relief as applied the spectrometer by the patients subjective pain relief scale(visual analogue scale, VAS, 0~100%), and then to observe a continuation of pain relief following its application for managing acute and chronic pain in the 102 patients during an 8 months period beginning March, 1993. An application time of the spectrometer ranged from 15 to 30 minutes daily in each patient at or near the site of pain and trigger point when the patient wanted to be treated. The subjects consisted of 54 males and 48 females, with the age distribution between 23~40 years in 29 cases, 41~60 years in 48 cases and 61~76 years in 25 cases respectively(Table 1). The kinds of diagnosis and the main site of pain, the duration of pain before the application, and the frequency of it's application were recorded on the Table 2, 3 and 4. A distinction between acute and chronic pain was defined according to both of the pain intervals lasting within and over 3 months. The results of application of the spectrometer were noted as follows; In 51 cases of acute pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 10 cases, moderate in 15 cases and severe in 26 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 30~50% in 9 cases, 51~70% in 13 cases and 71~95% in 29 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared between 6~24 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 10 cases, 6~14 days in 4 cases, 15 days in one case, and completely relived of pain in 34 cases(Table 5~7). In 51 cases of chronic pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 12 cases, moderate in l8 cases and severe in 21 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 0~50% in 10 cases, 51~70% in 27 cases and 71~90% in 14 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared to have no effect in two cases. The level of effective duration was between 6~12 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 11 cases, 6~14 days in 14 cases, 15~60 days in 9 cases and in 13 cases the patient was completely relieved of pain(Table 5~7). There were no complications in the patients except a mild reddening and tingling sensation of skin while applying the spectrometer. Total amounts of pain relief in all of the subjects were accounted as poor and fair in 19(18.6%) cases, good in 40(39.2%) cases and excellent in 43(42.2%) cases. The clinical effectiveness of MRA $I_{TM}$ showed variable distributions from no improvements to complete relief of pain by the patient's assessment. In conclusion, we suggest that MRA $I_{TM}$ may be successful in immediate and continued pain relief but still requires several treatments for continued relief and may be gradually effective in pain relief while being applied repeatedly.

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견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome (A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder)

  • 전재수;이성근;송후빈;김선종;박욱;김성열
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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전척수(全脊髓) 및 경막외차단(硬膜外遮斷)으로 편타성(鞭打性) 손상(損傷)의 통증치험(痛症治驗) (4례(例) 보고(報告)) (Total Spinal Block and Cortical Epidural Block for Whiplash Syndrome and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Report of Four Cases))

  • 박오;옥시영;송후빈
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.106-119
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    • 1988
  • For the relief of pain in 3 cases of whiplash syndromes (case I, II and IV) and in one of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (case III), we have carried out six intentional. total spinal blocks (TSB) which attempted two times in case I, three in case II and one in carte III whoso various symptoms were chronically unresponsive to the usual conservative treatments, and a time of cervical epidural and right suprascapular nerve block in case W whose acute symptom lasted 4 drys following the cervical injury (see fables from 1 to 9). During the 753, we have observed clinically the sequential charges of respiration, lid and pupil reflexes, body motion and consciousness. And checked the blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial Pco2. The effectiveness of those blocks has been assessed by using the Visual Analog Scale which is designed to measure the patient$\acute{s}$ subjective intensity of pain and also we have found out the sequelae following those blocks. The methods of the blocks were as the following: 1. Under the N.P.O. for 8~10 hours, the preparations of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and premedication with atropine 0.5mg at thirty minutes before the TSB, it was performed by injecting the mixture of 2% mepivacaine 10 or 15ml and normal saline 10 or 5ml through No. 23 G. spinal needle into the subarachnoid space of $C_7-T_1$ interspinous region with fully flexed neck on the lateral posture. Immediately after the injection of the local anesthetic in the lateral position, the patient$\acute{s}$ were hasten to change Trendelenburg$\acute{s}$ position in order to act the drugs cephalad and to make easy controlled respiration with oxygen. 2. The cervical epidural block was done by injecting the mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 4ml, normal saline 4ml and triamcinolone 15mg through No. 18 G. Tuohy needle into the epidural space on the same region and posture as the above without premedication.7he suprascapular nerve block was done by injecting of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml only into the right suprascapular fossa on the sitting posture. The results were as the following: 1. The cessation of respiration was seen within 5 minutes following the subarachnoidal injection of the above 20ml mixture in 2 to 3 minutes and then soon the consciousness began to disappear. The loss of Lid and pupil reflexes noted between 5 to 10 minutes and the size of the dilated pupils was equal between 5 to 20 minutes, but the pupil of the dependent side on tile lateral position was dilated 1 to 3 minutes earlier than that of the independent. The patients had r=ever responded to any stimulations during the TSB except their heart funtion. 2. The recovery of the TSB was as the following, firstly the ankle and lower limb of the independent side began to move slightly with in 34 to 75 minutes after the injection and then that of the dependent Secondly the neck and upper limb moved 6 to 15 minutes later than the lower limb. Thirdly the self respiration began to appear between 40 to 80 minutes from the block. The lid and pupil reacted to touch and light respectively between 40 to 80 minutes but the pupil of the independent side responded earlier than that of the depends. Lastly the consciousness recovered completely between 80 to 125 minutes from the block. 3. In the cardiopulmonary function during the TSB, the blood pressure were stable except the 210/130 tory at the and block of case I. There were bradycardias between 65 to 85 minutes in case I and II but no arrythmia on the EKG. The level of the arterial Pco2 was maintained to 43~45 torr during the TSB. 4. The effectiveness of the above blocks was no pain(0%) in case IV, and light (10~20%) in case I and II but no improvement in case III. 5. The right arm weakness has been complicated as to be Injected accidently the "COLD" local anesthetic at the End block of case I.

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간질성 폐질환환자들의 기관지 폐포세척액내 폐포 대식세포와 임파구의 접착분자 발현 및 Soluble ICAM-1 농도에 관한 연구 (The Expression of Adhesion Molecules on Alveolar Macrophages and Lymphocytes and Soluble ICAM-1 Level in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavge(BAL) Fluid of Patients with Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases(DILD))

  • 김동순;최강현;염호기;박명재;임채만;고윤석;김우성;김원동
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.569-583
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    • 1995
  • 연구배경: 간질성 폐질환은 여러가지 다양한 원인에 의해, 또는 아직 밝혀지지 않은 원인에 의해 폐포염 및 폐간질내 염증으로 시작해 종국에는 폐섬유증으로 진행되는 질환들로 염증세포들의 이동에 필요한 접착분자들이 이들 질환의 발병기전에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정되며, 현재까지는 뚜렷이 적당한 지표가 없었던 질환의 활동성을 판정하는 지표로 사용할 수 있을 가능성이 많다. 그러나 이제까지는 BAL내 AM에서 면역염색법으로 측정한 결과들로 방법 자체가 음성과 양성세포를 감별하기가 쉽지 않을 뿐 아니라 발현도 증가를 정량적으로 측정하지 못하는 단점이 있고, 따라서 발표된 결과들이 차이가 많다. 저자들은 간질성 폐질환 환자들에서 기관지 폐포세척액(BAL)내 AM과 임파구에서의 ${\beta}_2$-integrin(CD18)과 ICAM-1의 발현도를 FACS를 이용한 relative median fluorescence intenity(RMFI)를 측정하여 정상 대조군과 비교 관찰하고, 또한 혈청 및 BAL액내 가용정 ICAM-1(sICAM-1) 농도를 측정하고, BAL액내 다른 지표들과 비교하여 이들을 간질성 폐질환의 활성도를 반영할 수 있는 지표로 사용할 가능성을 알아 보았다. 방법: 대상은 조직학적으로 확인 된 미만성 간질성 폐섬유증(IPF) 환자 11명, 교원성 폐질환과 연관된 폐섬유증환자(CVD-PF) 6명, 폐유육종증 9명, 과민성 폐장염환자 2명과 대조군으후 건강한 정상인 9명이었고 BAL은 통상적인 방법을 사용하였다. ICAM-1 및 CD18은 단일항체를 사용하여 FACScan으로 median fluorescence intenity를 측정하여 RMFI를 구하고, sICAM-1농도는 ELISA법으로 측정하였다. 결과: AM에서 ICAM-1의 발현도는 $3.30{\pm}1.16$으로 대조군($0.93{\pm}0.18$)보다 증가되었고 임파구의 ICAM-1 발현도 $5.39{\pm}2.70$으로 대조군($1.06{\pm}0.21$)보다 높았다. CD18의 발현도는 임파구에서 $24.9{\pm}14.9$로 대조군($4.69{\pm}3.77$) 보다 향진되었으며, 이들 ICAM-1의 발현도는 AM 백분률과 역상관관계륜 보였고(r=-0.66, p=0.0001) 임파구의 백분율과는 정상관관계를 보였다(r=0.447, p=0.0116). 임파구가 증가되는 유육종증, 교원성질환, 과민성폐렴에서는 임파구의 ICAM-1 발현도와 BAL액내 임파구의 %(r=0.747, p=0.0006) 및 임파구농도(r=0.832, p=0.0002)와 좋은 상관관계를 보였고, 임파구의 IL-2수용체발현과도 연관관계를 나타내었다(r=0.539, p=0.0075). 또한 유육종증에서는 혈중 ACE 농도와 임파구의 ICAM-1 발현도가(r=0.905, p=0.0132) 높은 상관관계를 보여, 이들 접착분자 발현도가 병소의 활동성과 연관이 있음을 시사 하였다. 혈청내 sICAM-1농도는 환자군에서 $499.7{\pm}222.2\;ng/ml$로 대조군의 $199.0{\pm}38.9\;ng/ml$보다 높았으며(p=0.0097), BAL액내 sICAM-1농도도 환자군에서 $41.8{\pm}23.0\;ng/ml$로 대조군의 $20.1{\pm}13.6\;ng/ml$보다 증가를 보였다. 또한 혈청내 sICAM-1 농도는 AM의 ICAM-1 발현도 및 (r=0.554, p=0.0259) BAL액내 sICAM-1농도와 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 혈청 및 BAL액내의 albumin과 sICAM-1의 비율을 비교한 결과 BAL액내의 sICAM-1 농도가 훨씬 높은 것으로 미루어 대부분의 sICAM-1은 병소내에서 생성된 것임을 짐작할 수 있었다. 결론: 간질성폐질환환자들의 AM및 BAL-임파구에서 접착분자들의 발현도가 증가되었고, 혈청 및 BAL액내 sICAM-1 농도가 상승되어 있어 이들 접착분자들이 발병기전에 중요한 역할을 한다고 생각되며, 앞으로 이 활동성 판정의 지표로 사용할 기능성을 시사하였다.

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