• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2001

In recent years, colon cancer has been reported to be one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Korea. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to ferment dairy products inhibits colon carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to determine whether the colon cancer inhibitory effect of LAB (Bifidobacterium longum Hy8001; Bif and Lactobacillus acidophilus HY2l04; Lac) of Korean origin, is associated with intestinal microflora composition and certain enzyme activity in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). At five weeks of age, SD rats were divided at random into four (AOM alone, Bif, Lac, and Bif+Lac) groups. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria cultures were performed daily until the termination of the study. Two weeks later all animals were given a subcutaneous injection of AOM dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for 2 weeks. Every two weeks for 10 weeks, five of the rats in each group were randomly chosen for fecal specimen collection. The fecal specimens were used for assay of $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase, and analysis of intestinal microflora composition. The activity of $\beta$-glucuronidase which plays an important role in the production of the carcinogenic metabolite of azoxymethane was remarkably increased in the AOM alone group after AOM injection and maintained the high level during the experiment. However, LAB inhibited the AOM-induced increase in $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. Nitroreductase activity decreased by 30-40% in LAB treated groups in comparison with that of the AOM alone group. The results of the present study suggest that LAB inhibits colon carcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activity of intestinal micro-flora and improving the composition of intestinal microflora.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

본 연구는 핵심간호술 강화프로그램이 간호학생의 간호술 수행능력에 미치는 효과를 융합적으로 검증하여 간호학생의 수행능력을 증진시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 실시하였다. 첫 임상실습을 앞둔 간호학생을 대상으로 7개 핵심간호술(활력징후 측정, 경구투약, 근육주사, 피하주사, 단순도뇨, 배출관장, 비강캐뉼라를 이용한 산소요법)을 선정하여 2015년 1월 19일부터 23일까지 5일간 핵심간호술 강화프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구에 참여한 158명의 자료는 서술적 분석과 짝비교 검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 핵심간호술 강화프로그램 후 간호학생의 간호술 수행능력 점수는 모두 유의하게 증가하였고 자신감과 문제해결능력에서 사전보다 사후 값이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가되었다. 또한 총 수행능력과 관련변수들 간에는 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되어 프로그램이 간호학생의 간호술 수행능력 향상에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 1994

Mophological normal of unfertilized oocytes, which was collected 12-14 hours after human Chorionic Gonadotropin(jCG) injection, was not influenced by chronically adiministration of cocaine for 2 weeks in mice. Proportion of normal unfertilized oocytes in non-cocaine treated group (control), `0 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg cocaine treated group based on body weight with subcutaneous(s.c.) daily injection of cocaine for 2 weeks were 92.9%, 85.6% and 90.9%, respectively. There is no significant difference between control and cocaine treated groups. Two to 8 cell stage embryos collected 24-48 hours post hCG in control group were 66.7%, whereas, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg groups treated with cocaine was 12.5% and 27.3% respectively. Although control and treated groups are significantly different (p<0.05) the developmental score of 2 to 8 cell stage embryos collected at 24-48 hours post HCG, there is no difference between 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg treated with cocaine groups. These results indicated that the normal embryos of the roups of cocaine administration were significantly amested when compared with that of control group. The proportion of 2 to 8 cell stage embryo reaching the blastocyst stage, which were cultured 48-52 hours with 5% $Co_2$ in air at $37^{\circ}C$, were 93.9% in control group and, 70.4% and 71.9% in each 10 mg/kg and to blastocyst in vitro culture was significantly limited embryos obtained from cocanized mice compared with those of control mice. These results suggest that episode of cocaine intoxication can cause impaiment of early embrygenesis in the mouse.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of insulin formula on blood glucose change in normal Sprague-Dawley male rats. Also, this study was performed to investigate the feasibility of oral insulin formula development. To administrate the insulin formula into intestine, the surgical technique, celiotomy, was performed in rats. Insulin formula was administrated at a dose of 24.5 IU/kg via duodenum, ileum, and colon of the rats, and the blood glucose level was measured. For the comparison, the vehicle without insulin was administrated into ileum via celiotomy. Also, this insulin formula was administrated into rats orally using sonde and the same parameter was treasured. The bloods of all groups were collected from tail veins using syringes at given time interval. Orally administrated group did not show the change of blood glucose level and control group slightly show the change of blood glucose level at 1 hour after celiotomy. All intestinally administrated groups showed the change of blood glucose level. Among the tested groups, ileac administration group and colonic administration group showed the significant change of blood glucose level. Particularly, ileac administration group showed the lowest blood glucose level. To calculate the bioavailability of intestinal and oral administration, insulin solution was injected subcutaneosly, common insulin injection route, into another normal rats. The bioavailability of ileac group was 8.3% when compared with subcutaneous injection, duodenal group was 1.8%, colonic group was 4.2%, and oral group was 0.2%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2016

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of peripheral insulin treatment on appetite in chicks. Six-d-age chicks with ad libitum feeding or fasting for 3 h before injection received a subcutaneous injection of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 IU of insulin or vehicle (saline). The results showed peripheral insulin treatment (1 to 20 IU) did not alter significantly the feed intake in chicks under either ad libitum feeding or fasting conditions within 4 h (p>0.05). Compared with the control, plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased after insulin treatment of 3, 5, 10, and 20 IU for 4 h in chicks with ad libitum feeding (p<0.05). In fasted chicks, 10 and 20 IU insulin treatments significantly decreased the plasma glucose level for 4 h (p<0.05). Peripheral insulin treatment of 10 IU for 2 or 4 h did not significantly affect the hypothalamic genes expression of neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, corticotropin-releasing factor and insulin receptors (p>0.05). All results suggest peripheral administration of insulin has no effect on appetite in chicks.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1994

The MAC($ED_{50}$)values of enflurane, fentanyl, and nalbuphine-enflurane under 65% $N_2O$ were determined in 76 Sprague-Dawley rats using the tail-clamp technique to compare the equipotent effects of intravenous and inhaled anesthetics. The rats were divided into 3 groups: enfluarne, fentanyl, and nalbuphine-enflurane. Results were as follows: 1) The MAC value of enflurane under 65% $N_2O$ was $1.160{\pm}0.05%$ and after subcutaneous nalbuphine 20 mg/kg injection, the values were 1.08% at 60min and 0.99% at 90min. 2) The lowest $ED_{50}$ for fentanyl was 26.8 ${\mu}g$/kg at 15 min, and the $ED_{50}$, 30, 45, and 60min after the injection were 36.2, 39.7, and 44.7 ${\mu}g$/kg, respectively. 3) On arterial blood gas analysis under 65% $N_2O$-1MAC($ED_{50}$), fentanyl and nalbuphine-enflurane groups showed mild increase in $PaCO_2$, but there were no significant differences among 3 groups. Fentanyl group showed significant difference in pH compared with enfluarane and nalbuphine-enflurane groups. 4) Rats injected with high dose fentanyl(above $40{\mu}g$) displayed rigidity and respiratory depression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.612-618
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• 2008

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Haepyoejin-tang plus antler water extract was tested in formalin-injected chronic inflammation model in mouse hind paw. The test articles-100, 250, 500 mg/kg- were dosed once a day for 10 days, and changes on the body weight, paw weights were observed with histopathology of induced paw dorsum pedis. In addition, histomorphometry was also monitored at sacrifice. 15 mg/kg/10 mL of dexamethasone (DEXA) and diclofenac (DICLO) intraperitoneally dosed groups were used as reference groups. A significantly decrease of both absolute and relative paw weights were observed in all dosing groups including DEXA and DICLO groups compared to that of control, and a significantly decrease of the differences between intact and induced paw weights were also observed Haepyoejin-tang plus antler dosing groups compared to that of control. These histological signs-hypertrophy of paw dorsum pedis tissues were detected results from edematous changes on the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with severe infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells-were dramatically decreased in all dosing groups including DEXA and DICLO dosing groups compared to that of control. Especially, dose dependently decreases were detected in Haepyoejin-tang plus antler dosing groups compared to that of control. Base on these aforementioned results, it is concluded that Haepyoejin-tang plus antler have clear anti-inflammatory effect on the chronic inflammation induced by formalin injection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.715-723
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• 1999

Bee venom (BV) has been traditionally applied to relieve pain and to cure inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuritis. While several investigators have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of BV treatment, the anti-nociceptive effect of BV treatment on inflammatory pain is not reported. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the analgesic effect of BV treatment using Freund's adjuvant induced chronic arthritis model. Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis has been used as an experimental animal model for RA in humans to assess the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs. In this study, subcutaneous BV treatment (1mg/kg/day) produced significantly reductions of symptoms related to arthritic pain (i.e. mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia). The anti-nociceptive effect of BV was observed from at least 12 days after BV treatment. Furthermore, BV treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant induced Fos expression in lumbar spinal cord. We also found that local injection of BV into near the inflammatory site (especially Zusanli-acupoint) showed more potent analgesic effect on arthritic pain rather than distant injection of BV from inflammatory site (arbitrary side of back). The present study demonstrates that BV treatment has anti-nociceptive effect on arthritis induced inflammatory pain. The analgesic effect of BV on RA is probably mediated by the effect of BV itself or possible other mechanism such as counter-irritation. Furthermore, it is possible that BV acupuncture is one of the promising candidates for long-term therapy of RA.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to compare with the nonsurgical and surgical recovery of fertilized eggs in super-ovulated rabbits. Sixty-four eggs recovered were transferred to twelve synchronized, pseudopregnant rabbits to test the viability of the eggs by surgical transfer. Each group(I, II, III) received a single subcutaneous injection of 5mg PGF2${\alpha}$/kg B.W. at 24(Group I), 48(Group II) and 72 hours (Group III) after mating, respectivity. After the administration of PGF2${\alpha}$, vaginal washings were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hrs, and frequency of vaginal washing was 5 times for the each group (I, II, III). In Group (IV, V, Ⅵ), the rabbits were killed to recover the fertilized eggs from the genital tract at 24(Group Ⅵ), 48(Group V) and 72 hours (Group Ⅵ) after mating, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Of the total eggs, 69.3%, 73.4% and 66.9% were recovered for Group I, II and III, respectively from the vagina within 6 hrs after PGF2${\alpha}$ injection and particularly for Group III. 2. The rates of egg recovery versus the number of corpora lutea were 55 (51.6-60%), 35.8 (24-52.6%), 33.4 (25-47%) and 72 (70.7-73.0)%, 60.3 (50-71.4)%, 449(44.4-45.5)% in Group I, II, III and Group IV, V, Ⅵ, respectively. 3. Most of eggs recovered were one-cell stage in Group Iand Group IV. More than one half of the eggs recovered in Group II and V were over eight-cell stage, and most of the eggs were so in Group III and Ⅵ. 4. When sixty-four eggs recovered between 24 to 72 hours after mating were transferred to pseudopregnant rabbits. Three recipients were pregnant, and the rate of pregnancy was 25%.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1999

Background: About 75% of terminal cancer patients have severe pain. For the treatment of these patients, physicians usually use potent opioid analgesics. But many of the cancer patients were not controlled by IV or IM injection of opioids. In spite of the untreatable nature of the patient's illness, they should be hospitalized only for pain control. In that case, epidural opioid injection is one of the most effective methods in pain management. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 126 terminal cancer patients who were treated with epidural morphine for pain management from 1993-97. In the routine procedure, an epidural catheter was inserted into the epidural space and tunnelled subcutaneously, exiting out from the anterior chest or abdomen. Morphine was used as the main analgesic and Multiday Infusor$^{(R)}$ (Baxter, 0.5 ml/h) as a continuous infusion system. Results: 1. Mean treatment time was 55 days (range; 3~373). 2. Mean daily epidural start mg dose of morphine was 8 mg (range; 2~20). 3. Mean daily dose at termination was 19 mg (range; 4~60) 4. 94 patients were controlled with continuous infusion but 32 patients needed additional bolus doses of morphine. 5. heter-associated subcutaneous infection occurred in 2 patients (1.6%). Conclusion: Terminal cancer pain management administered by a tunnelled epidural catheter is a simple, inexpensive method with a very small rate of infection.