• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

With the popularization of digital photography, people are now capturing and storing far more photos than ever before. However, the enormous number of photos often discourages the users to identify desired photos. In this paper, we present a novel method for fast and intuitive browsing through large collections of geo-referenced photographs. Given a set of photos, we construct a hierarchical structure of clusters such that each cluster includes a set of spatially adjacent photos and its sub-clusters divide the photo set disjointly. For each cluster, we pre-compute its convex hull and the corresponding polygon area. At run-time, this pre-computed data allows us to efficiently visualize only a fraction of the clusters that are inside the current view and have easily recognizable sizes with respect to the current zoom level. Each cluster is displayed as a single polygon representing its convex hull instead of every photo location included in the cluster. The users can quickly transfer from clusters to clusters by simply selecting any interesting clusters. Our system automatically pans and zooms the view until the currently selected cluster fits precisely into the view with a moderate size. Our user study demonstrates that these new visualization and interaction techniques can significantly improve the capability of navigating over large collections of geo-referenced photos.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2014

Succinic acid is an important precursor in industries producing biopolymers, pharmaceutical and food additives and green solvents. However, due to the high price of petroleum and the global $CO_2$ emission, the biological production of succinic acid from renewable biomass is a novel process due to the fixation of $CO_2$ into succinate during fermentation. In this study, aqueous two phase systems based on imidazolium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ were used as an effective separation and concentration process for succinic acid. Experimental results show that aqueous two phase systems can be formed by adding appropriate amount of imidazolium ionic liquids to aqueous $K_2HPO_4$ solutions in the presence of succinic acid. It can be found that the ability of imidazolium ionic liquids for phase separation followed the order [HMIm][Br]${\fallingdotseq}$[OMIm][Br]>[BMIm][Br]>[EMIm][Br]. The maximum value of extraction efficiency for succinic acid was about 90% and the amount of coextracted water into top phase is proportional to the chain length of cation in imidazolium ionic liquids. It was concluded that the aqueous two phase systems composed of imidazolium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ was effective for the selective extraction and concentration of succinic acid.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 1979

A review of this literature and discussions reveal a development of ideas concerning the elements of nursing models. The elements of a nursing model are the nurses view of the human being, nursing's goal, and nursing activities. It has long been recognized that human beings, at one time or another, require nursing care. Varieties of literature were reviewed in regard to the human being as recipient of nursing care through the theory development in nursing. Florence Nightingale initiated the modern era of nursing and described more clearly man as the recipient of nursing care. She looked at man as responding to the laws of nature whether the person was healthy or sick. Henderson added to Nightingale's concept of man , the recipient of nursing care by emphasizing that man is a whole, complete, and independent being. Her view is further specified by her enumeration of the activities the human being must perform. Johnson has developed a very comprehensive view of man as the recipient of nursing care. Man is a behavioral system which has a tendency to achieve and maintain stability in patterns of functioning. Like Nightingale, Johnson sees that similar patterns occur in both health and illness. Johnson postulates that the whole behavioral system of the human is composed of eight sub-systems: affiliative, achievement, aggressive, dependency, eliminative, ingestive, restorative, sexual. Roger's main contribution to the development of nursing models was her emphasis upon unitary man. She pointed out that man is a unified whole, possessing his own integrity and manifesting characteristics that“are more than and different from the sum of his parts.”Rogers focuses on the life processes of the human and points out that these processes have the following characteristics. Wholeness, openness, unidirectionality, pattern and organization, sentence, and thought. According to Roy, man is a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment. To cope with this changing environment, man has certain innate and acquired mechanisms. Man's ability to respond positively or to adapt, depends upon the degree of the change taking place and the state of the person coping with the change. When she analyzes man as an adaptive organism she further describes man as being composed of four adaptive modes: physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Based on the literary review through the theory development in nursing, general approach by a unified nursing model to a view of the recipient of nursing care may be stated as follows: Man is a unified whole composed of subsystems with a flexible and normal line of defense; his internal regulating mechanisms help him to cope with a changing environment; he functions by the principles of homeodynamics.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

The communication between the center system and the local controller in the Traffic Signal Controller Specification has been specified by a communication line for the exclusive use and the analog modem serial protocol. Therefore, it can't be adapted in the ITS communication network of the TCP/IP protocol being constructed in the local city. The international and domestic ITS device's communication specification has adapted the DATEX-ASN data exchange technique based on the ethernet communication network. So, this study was performed by the purpose of developing the application communication protocol's standard draft based on the TCP/IP communication protocol for the traffic signal controller, to be able to constitute the traffic signal control system in the ITS communication network. The communication format for 23 items of control, status, and database request etc. which are specified in the standard traffic signal controller was developed by appling the DATEX-ASN data interface procedure and structure which are KS ISO X 14827 Part1, 2, ISO/ DIS 15784 Part-3. To test the developed protocol, the application program for the communication items was developed and according to the test result, the encoding and the decoding transection for all communication items was possible.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of p. Linteus and C. militaris supplement on lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, MDA(malondialdehyde), GPX(glutathione peroxidase) and TAS(total antioxidant status) following $VO_{2max}$, and 85% $VO_{2max}$ exercise. The 15 male college students were divided into three groups: 5 P. liteus supplied(PL), 5 C. militaris supplied(CM), and 5 placebos supplied(PB) and compared the differences between supplement before and after. Obtained results were as follows: In the exercise performance time, there were no differences in PL, CM and PB groups. Regular supplement of P. linteus or C. militaris partially reduces fatigue induction factors. Also, P. linteus or C. militaris supplement decreases MDA, increases GPX and TAS. Therefore, it can be concluded that P. linteus or C. militaris supplement not only have a pharmacological effect for clinical treatment, but also have a maintenance effects on the tissue oxidant-antioxidant system after exercise.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

Objectives : To describe the characteristics of a mumps epidemic in Cheju-do, 1998 and to identify the risk factors associated with mumps infection. Methods : To estimate attack rate, previously collected data from the Nationally Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System and School Health Reporting System, temporarily administered by Division of Education. as well as additional surveillance data were used. In order to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mumps, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 17 schools (9 elementary, 4 middle, and 4 high schools) among a population that included healthy students. Results : From March 3 to August 31, 2,195 cases of mumps were identified, and patients under 20 years of age accounted for 2,162 cases (attack rate 13.2, 95% CI 12.6-13.7/1,000). The attack rate for the population under 20 years of age was the highest in Nam county (44.7/1,000), nod in the 7-12 years old sub-group(>20.0/1,000). There was no sexual difference. 80.5% and 59.7% of patients presented periauricular and submandibular swelling respectively. Aseptic meningitis was a complication in 2.9% of cases, orchitis in 1.3%, epididymitis in 0.9% and oophoritis in 0.6% respectively. The overall MMR vaccination rate was 59.1% and it decreased in accordance with increasing age. In students aged 10 years old or below, household contact and MMR vaccination status was significantly associated with infection, and only among students with household contact, the risk of one dose MMR(OR=10.22, 95% CI 2.92-35.78) and non-vaccination (OR=11.62, 95% CI 1.96-68.96) was significantly greater when. compared with that of two dose vaccination. Among students aged 11 years old or above, household contact history was significantly associated and MMR vaccination status was not associated. Conclusions : Low vaccination rate and vaccine failure were thought to predispose the population for this large outbreak. To prevent sustained mumps outbreaks, a second MMR vaccination should be encouraged and catch up vaccinations should be given to elderly children who remain susceptible.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.1C
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• pp.120-130
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a receiver structure for frequency synchronization in OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system which is considered as 3GPP LTE(Long Term Evolution) downlink. In general, OFDMA frequency synchronization consists of two parts: coarse synchronization and fine synchronization. We consider P-SCH (Primary-Synchronization Channel) and CP (Cyclic Prefix) of OFDMA symbol for coarse synchronization and fine synchronization, respectively. The P-SCH signal has two remarkable disadvantages that it does not have sufficiently many sub-carriers and its differential correlation characteristic is not good due to ZC (Zadoff Chu) sequence-specific property. Hence, conventional frequency synchronization algorithms cannot obtain satisfactory performance gain. In this paper, we propose a modified differential correlation algorithm to improve performance of the coarse frequency synchronization. Also, we introduce an effective PLL (Phase Locked Loop) structure to guarantee stable performance of the fine frequency synchronization. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm has superior performance to the conventional algorithms and the 2nd-order PLL is effective to track the fine frequency offset even in high mobility.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-54
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• 2010

The World Wide Web is transitioning from being a mere collection of documents that contain useful information toward providing a collection of services that perform useful tasks. The emerging Web service technology has been envisioned as the next technological wave and is expected to play an important role in this recent transformation of the Web. By providing interoperable interface standards for application-to-application communication, Web services can be combined with component based software development to promote application interaction both within and across enterprises. To make Web services for service-oriented computing operational, it is important that Web service repositories not only be well-structured but also provide efficient tools for developers to find reusable Web service components that meet their needs. As the potential of Web services for service-oriented computing is being widely recognized, the demand for effective Web service discovery mechanisms is concomitantly growing. A number of public Web service repositories have been proposed, but the Web service taxonomy generation has not been satisfactorily addressed. Unfortunately, most existing Web service taxonomies are either too rudimentary to be useful or too hard to be maintained. In this paper, we propose a Web service taxonomy generation framework that combines an artificial neural network based clustering techniques with descriptive label generating and leverages the semantics of the XML-based service specification in WSDL documents. We believe that this is one of the first attempts at applying data mining techniques in the Web service discovery domain. We have developed a prototype system based on the proposed framework using an unsupervised artificial neural network and empirically evaluated the proposed approach and tool using real Web service descriptions drawn from operational Web service repositories. We report on some preliminary results demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2013

In order to establish eLoran system it needs the betterment of a receiver and a transmitter, the add of data channel to loran pulse for loran system information and the differential Loran for compensating Loran-c signal. Precise ASF database map is essential if the Loran delivers the high absolute accuracy of navigation demanded at maritime harbor entrance. In this study we developed the ASF mapping method using predicted ASFs compensated by the measured ASFs for maritime in the harbor. Actual ASF is measured by the legacy Loran signal transmitted from Pohang station in the GRI 9930 chain. We measured absolute propagation delay between the Pohang transmitting station and the measurement points by comparing with the cesium clock for the calculation of the ASFs. Monteath model was used for the irregular terrain along the propagation path in the Yeongil Bay. We measured the actual ASFs at the 12 measurement points over the Yeongil Bay. In our ASF-mapping method we estimated that the each offsets between the predicted and the measured ASFs at the 12 spaced points in the Yeongil. We obtained the ASF map by adjusting the predicted ASF results to fit the measured ASFs over Yeungil bay.