• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Intensity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated by scoring system of Andersch and Milsom. Anger state, trait, expression of the patients suffering from dysmenorrhea was measured by STAXI-K. And each value was analyzed by ANOVA testm as to intensity of dysmenorrhea, student t test as to existence of dysmenorrhea. Results: The numerical value of anger expression in the primary dysmenorrhea existent group was significantly higher than that in the primary dysmenorrhea non-existent group. There were significant differences among the numerical value of anger expression in the groups classified as intensity of primary dysmenorrhea, the value of three positive group() was significantly higher than that of negative group(-). Conclusion: This study showed the relationship between anger expression and primary dysmenorrhea. But there was no clue to find out their causal relationship, because this study was cross-sectional. So further study will be needed to prove the causality between them. And more precise scale has to been developed to evaluate various type of anger accurately.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2023

The study is a qualitative study to understand the stress experience of pregnant women by exploring the vivid experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic through a phenomenological approach. As for the study subjects, 12 pregnant women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected as subjects and in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews with participants were conducted from June to October 2022, and data were analyzed through the Taguette program using the Colaizzi (1978) analysis method. As a result of the analysis, the category of experience was derived as 4 themes and 12 sub-topics. The main themes appeared as confusion due to inaccurate information, collapsed prenatal care, stress due to a controlled life, and body and mind adapting. It was confirmed that social support for the health of pregnant women and the establishment of a stable medical system need to be done overall. Further studies are needed to support this.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the online extracurricular program operated by the university. The program contents applied in the study included learning strategies such as time management, goal setting, note taking, and memorization methods. The program used in the study was operated in an online environment, and the content was developed between 27 and 29 minutes. The developed contents can be taken using the learning management system. The variables selected to analyze the effects of this program were learning strategies and learning flow, and satisfaction was also included to examine the responses of program participants. The results of the study are as follows. First, learning strategies and learning flow showed statistically significant differences. This result is because the content was composed of meaningful sub-topics by selecting the elements necessary for learning activities. Second, as a result of program satisfaction analysis, it was confirmed that the average for all questions was high. Among them, the average of the item that the theme and contents of the program were useful was the highest. Third, open responses were analyzed by classifying them into cognitive and affective domains. In the cognitive domain, meanings such as knowledge, understanding, and application were presented as keywords, and in the affective domain, a number of keywords for motivation and attitude change were presented. This study is significant in that it provided practical programs necessary for university freshmen and analyzed their effects.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2023

Displacement is an important element for evaluating the stability and failure mechanism of hydraulic structures. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a useful technique to measure a three-dimensional displacement field using two cameras without any contact with test material. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of stacked geotextile tubes using the DIC technique. Geotextile tubes are stacked to build a small-scale temporary dam model to exclude water from a specific area. The horizontal and vertical displacements of four stacked geotextile tubes are monitored using a dual camera system according to the upstream water level. The geotextile tubes are prepared with two different fill materials. For each dam model, the interface layers between upper and lower geotextile tubes are either unreinforced or reinforced with a cementitious binder. The displacement of stacked geotextile tubes is measured to analyze the behavior of geotextile tubes. Experimental results show that as upstream water level increases, horizontal and vertical displacements at each layer of geotextile tubes initially increase with water level, and then remain almost constant until the subsequent water level. The displacement of stacked geotextile tubes depends on the type of fill material and interfacial reinforcement with a cementitious binder. Thus, the proposed DIC technique can be effectively used to evaluate the behavior of a hydraulic structure, which consists of geotextile tubes.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2022

Recent, energy transition policies are driving to increase in the number of small photovoltaic(PV) generators. It is difficult for system operators to accurately anticipate the amount of power generated from such small scale PV generation, and this may disrupt dispatch schedules and result in an increase in cost. The need for a Virtual Power Plant(VPP) is emerging as a way of resolving these problems, as it would integrate small-scale PV plants and eliminate uncertainty about the amount of power generated, control voltage, and provide power reserves. In this paper, the cost evaluation methods are described for determination of VPP cloud charges both Net Present Value(NPV) method and Profitability Index(PI) method, the calculated outcomes of the two types of cost evaluation methods are presented in detail. It seems we secure profitability as we get 1.22 of profitability index from calculation results, it may be attractive for the aggregator as NPV is enough for satisfying profitability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.282-284
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• 2021

최근 4차 산업혁명으로 의료빅데이터 기반으로 한 AI 기술이 급속도로 발전하고 있다. 특히, 의료영상을 기반으로 병변을 탐색, 분활 및 정량화 그리고 자동진단 및 예측 관련된 기술이 AI 제품으로 출시되고 있다. AI 기술개발은 많은 학습데이터가 요구되며, 임상검증에 단일기관에서 2개 이상 기관의 검증이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지도 단일기관에서 학습용 데이터와 테스트, 검증용 데이터를 달리하여 기술개발에 활용하고 있다. 본 논문은 AI 기술개발에 필요한 영상데이터에 대한 표준화된 데이터셋 변환 및 관리를 위한 시스템에 대해 기술한다. 다기관 데이터를 수집하기 위해서는 각 기관의 의료영상 데이터 수집 및 저장하는 기준이 명확하지 않아 표준화 작업이 필요하다. 제안한 시스템은 기관 또는 다기관 연구 그룹의 의료영상데이터를 표준화하여 저장할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 의료영상 뷰어 및 의료영상 리스트를 통해 연구자가 원하는 의료영상 데이터 셋을 검색하여 다양한 데이터셋으로 제공할 수 있기 때문에 수집 및 변환 그리고 관리까지 지원할 수 있는 시스템으로 영상기반의 머신러닝 연구에 활력을 불어넣을 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2023

Due to the development and dissemination of modern technology, anyone can easily communicate using services such as social network service (SNS) through a personal computer (PC) or smartphone. The development of these technologies has caused many beneficial effects. At the same time, bad effects also occurred, one of which was the spam problem. Spam refers to unwanted or rejected information received by unspecified users. The continuous exposure of such information to service users creates inconvenience in the user's use of the service, and if filtering is not performed correctly, the quality of service deteriorates. Recently, spammers are creating more malicious spam by distorting the image of spam text so that optical character recognition (OCR)-based spam filters cannot easily detect it. Fortunately, the level of transformation of image spam circulated on social media is not serious yet. However, in the mail system, spammers (the person who sends spam) showed various modifications to the spam image for neutralizing OCR, and therefore, the same situation can happen with spam images on social media. Spammers have been shown to interfere with OCR reading through geometric transformations such as image distortion, noise addition, and blurring. Various techniques have been studied to filter image spam, but at the same time, methods of interfering with image spam identification using obfuscated images are also continuously developing. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based spam image detection model to improve the existing OCR-based spam image detection performance and compensate for vulnerabilities. The proposed model extracts text features and image features from the image using four sub-models. First, the OCR-based text model extracts the text-related features, whether the image contains spam words, and the word embedding vector from the input image. Then, the convolution neural network-based image model extracts image obfuscation and image feature vectors from the input image. The extracted feature is determined whether it is a spam image by the final spam image classifier. As a result of evaluating the F1-score of the proposed model, the performance was about 14 points higher than the OCR-based spam image detection performance.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2018

Purpose - In hotel industry, quality of leader-member exchange(LMX) relationship is very critical, because it impacts on the employee's work attitude and behaviors. Thus, this research examines the effect of LMX on employee loyalty in the context of hotel business and identifies mediating roles of work stressors, work role performance in the relationship between LMX and employee loyalty. This research suggests the guidelines for how hotel leaders should manage their employees and build employee loyalty that improve management and business performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This study tests the structural relationship between LMX, work stressors, work role performance, and employee loyalty. Work role performance divide into three sub-dimensions such as individual task proficiency, individual task adaptivity, and individual task proactivity. In order to examine the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 113 franchise hotel employees and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3 program. Result - The findings of this research are as follows. First, leader-member exchange(LMX) have significant positive impacts on work stressors, work role performance, and employee loyalty. Second, work stressors have significant negative impacts on work role performance and employee loyalty. Third, work role performance has significant positive impact on employee loyalty. Conclusions - The outcomes of this research indicate that hotel leaders should focus on the dyadic relationship with their employees how to improve employee productivity through LMX relationship. In turn, the quality of this relationship influences employees's work attitudes and behaviors. As a result of increasing job demands in hotel business which relies heavily on human resources, the hotel leader must find ways to prevent or reduce stressors and associated strains. If hotel employees perceive the high quality of LMX relationship, they improve their work role performance which influences loyalty. Therefore, the hotel leaders should develop monetary or non-monetary reward system for the employees and, make an efforts to have unique social exchange relationships with employees.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

This study attempted to analyze the context characteristics and consumer characteristics that affect fashion curation shopping. The data used for this study were 223 questionnaires targeting male and female college students in their 20s in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province who had had the curated shopping experience in the latest three months. The SPSS program was used for the data analysis, and a reliability measurement, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, T-test, and one-way ANOVA were conducted. The results were as follows. First, fashion curation shopping exhibited three factors: product subscription, marketing use, and product recommendation shopping. Furthermore, the context characteristics had sub concepts of five factors: selection, sharing, experience, discovery, and storage. Second, the context characteristics (selection, sharing, experience, discovery, and storage) had a significant influence on product subscription, marketing use, and product recommendation, which belong to the curation shopping category. Third, the fashion consumers' price sensitivity, trend sensitivity, and product knowledge had a deep impact on the marketing use and product recommendation. Fourth, there was no difference in the fashion curation shopping by male and female consumers and the average monthly fashion shopping frequency, and there were differences in shopping cost and time. This study can analyze the context and consumer characteristics that affect fashion curation shopping to establish an efficient fashion curation shopping system in practical terms. Additionally, academically, it can be proposed as basic data on the development of measurement tools for analyzing consumer behavior that prefers fashion curation shopping.

• 중국학논총
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• no.53
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

The grammatical meaning of "了", a marker of aspects in Mandarin has been described differently among researchers, three of which are to express the end, a certain phase of event and the start of an event or a state. This paper consists of four parts. Set out below is a summary of main points of each part. The first chapter elaborates on the results of previous related studies, points out the purpose and meaning of the current study. Chapter two introduces marked "了" including concepts of the meaning and "Done", "complete whole", "realization" Corresponds to the case study. And explains syntactic and semantic features of the "了", highlights the look "of the了" problems of syntax and semantics, "了2" made three domains Limit 3 Including of the knowledge. This chapter holds that its grammartical meaning can be described as follows an event has taken place or a state has formed prior to a certain reference time, and that the grammartical meanings mentioned above can be considered sub - grammartical meanings of "了",which result from different prominence of the phases of an event. Chapter three explains tag component of the "了1", "了2". It discusses limited constraints, first place for "了" syntactic meaning, "The End" and "extension" of the opposition for "了" is looming around the root system, "了" and "着" sentence structure and semantic and syntactic forms. Chapter four discusses bounded features of the 了. It mainly focuses on "了"of bounded / unbounded function. It analyses the functions of components and explains a bounded function of "了1" and a bounded function of "了2". Chapter five is the conclusion. It consolidates and summarises the previous contents of the paper and points out the conclusion.