• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.148-152
• /
• 2017

The feel of writing is important to customers when they buy smart devices with stylus such as smartphones and tablet computers. With an aim to reproduce the tactile sensibility of writing instruments when people write on the glass display using a stylus, this study focuses on the frequency characteristics of writing instruments that can describe the vibrations of writing instruments sliding over counter surfaces. In addition, this study includes the effect of various factors influencing the friction of writing instruments such as lubricant, nib material, and contact type. We perform sliding experiments with six types of writing instruments and a sheet of paper to understand the relation between the friction conditions of the nib and the frequency characteristics. As this research focuses on the tactile perception of human skin when people use a writing instrument, the analysis of frequency characteristics is performed in the perceptible frequency range of mechanoreceptors in the human skin. As a result, three types of frequency characteristics are identified. Low frequency peaks are observed for a metal nib with ink; high frequency peaks are observed for a nib without ink; and, middle frequency peaks with a wide range of distribution occurs for fabric nibs with ink. Therefore, to implement the proper feel of writing, at least three types of vibrations have to be made.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 1984

An electro-hydraulic copying system is developed and its performance is experimentally investigated. As compared with a mechanical hydraulic coping system, this system has a basic difference in that; (1) the stylus movement is converted into an electrical signal via a position transducer. (2)the actuator displacement is also measured by a position sensing element, which serves as a feedback signal. Since the system parameters affect the control performance, the response characteristics such as percentage overshoot, rise time, settling time and steady state error are experimentally obtained under variation of these variables. The system parameter include supply pressure, servo amplifier gain and feedback gain. The experimental result shows that the cutting tool follows a stylus input motion to a desirable accuracy. The implication of this result indicates that the developed system can enhance the copying accuracy of the conventionally used mechanical type of hydraulic copying system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.5 s.176
• /
• pp.1254-1260
• /
• 2000

There have been many developments in super precision working technique and working method up to, now. But, it is very difficult to evaluate working surface accurately without the technicians experience and judgment. Surface roughness tester using stylus was used to measure surface condition generally But this method is not so desirable because of damage on test piece caused by contact between the workpiece and the stylus sensor. As a result, non-contact method was known as a good way to carry, out this process without damage. However, this is a difficult one among the various measuring methods. So we are tying to suggest a new method using texture analysis through image processing to get a surface information in worked test piece. Co-occurrence matrix using difference of gray levels between a pixel and its neighboring one was used to study behavior of surface roughness and to J acquire data for analysis. Standard specimen was adapted to verify this research. We suggest texture information method in order to evaluate surface state for the best measurement system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.11 s.176
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2005

In order to measure surface roughness profile, stylus type equipments are commonly used, but the stylus keeps contact with surface and damages specimens by its tip pressure. Therefore, optics based measurement systems are developed, and light phase interferometer, which is based on light interference phenomenon, is the most noticeable research. However, light interference based measurements require translation mechanisms of nano-meter order in order to generate phase differences or multiple focusing, thus the systems cannot satisfy the industrial need of on-the-machine and in-process measurement to achieve factory automation and productive enhancement. In this research, we focused light reflectance phenomenon rather than the light interference, because reflectance based method do not need translation mechanisms. However, the method cannot direct]y measure surface roughness profile, because reflected light consists of several components and thus it cannot supply surface height information with its original form. In order to overcome the demerit, we newly proposed an image processing based algorithm, which can separate reflected light components and conduct parameterization and reconstruction process with respect to surface height information, and then confirmed the reliability of proposed algorithm by experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2002

A simple and low cost stylus profiler made of ferrite cores is developed. The devised profiler consists of a contact probe, a measuring transducer, a signal processing unit, and a motorized stage. The contact probe attached to 4-bar spring maintains sufficient stiffness to protect disturbances. An overlap-area type inductive position sensing system is selected as a measuring transducer, which has high sensitivity, repeatability and linearity. The transducer is composed of coil bundles and ferrite cores which have good electromagnetic characteristics in spite of low cost. The repeatability of the profiler with the proposed inductive sensing system is better than 50nm. Experimental results are shown that the proposed profiler can measure the line or 3D profile of an object with sub-micron features.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.253-267
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study was to improve limitations and disadvantages of the mechanical pantograph and the Visi-Trainer, and to design the reliable and reproducible device mandibular movement tracking device (MMTD) that is more simple, convenient and save the chair time than the mechanical pantograph and Visi-Trainer. MMTD was consist of head frame, horizontal bar, condylar path tracking stylus holders, anterior path tracking stylus holder, two condylar path plastic recording plates, one anterior path plastic recording plate, toggles and open occlusal clutch. To prove the reliability and reproducibility of MMTD, a five adults were selected and mandibular condylar movement was recorded one time by the mechanical pantographic tracing and MMTD. The border movement recording of the mandibular incisor (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) was also recorded by Visi-Trainer and the MMTD. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The condylar movement path (sagittal, horizontal) of the MMTD was not coincidence with that of mechanical pantograph. 2. Measurements of the angulation which established between working and balancing path records by use of the mechanical pantograph and MMTD, there was no significance. 3. In a view of MMTD's reproducibility, there was revealed almost similar recording pattern. 4. The border movement recording of the mandibular incisor by the MMTD and the Visi-Trainer showed almost same reliability and reproducibility. 5. The subjects were able to his original mandibular movements by use of open occlusal clutch in the MMTD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.03a
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1995

This paper proposed a simple method for measuring surface roughness of ground surface. utilizing non-contact in-process measuring system using the diode laser. The measurement system is consisted of a laser unit with a diode laser and a cylindrical lens a detecting unit with polygon mirror and CCD array sensor. and a signal processing unit with a computer and device. During operation, this measuring system can provide information on surface roughness in the measuring distance with a single sampling and simultanilusly monitor the state of the grind wheel. The experimental results, showed that the increase of the feed rate and the dressing speed an caused increase in the surface roughness and when the surface roughness is 4Rmax-10Rmax, the cutting speed is 1653m/min-1665m/min. the feed rate is 0.2m/min-0.9m/min, the dressing speed is 0.2mm/rev-0.4mm/rev, the stylus method and the in-process method can be obtained the same results. thus under limited working conditions. using the proposed system. the surface roughness of the ground surface during cylindrical grinding can be obtained through the in-process measurement method using the diode laser.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10b
• /
• pp.259-260
• /
• 2002

In this paper, electrical discharge machined (EDM) surfaces machined with various machining parameters are characterized and simulated. Three-dimensional surface topography of EDM surfaces are measured by a stylus instrument. Surface topography is characterized with auto-correlation coefficient and height probability density functions. Then, EDM surfaces are modeled and computer-simulated by using the non-causal 2-D auto-regressive model. Simulation results show that EDM surfaces are characterized well by a few parameters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1993.10b
• /
• pp.541-544
• /
• 1993

This paper attempts to propose new procedures to evaluate roughness of ground metallic surface in the range of 1-10.mu.m from data gained by an optical, in-process measurement of the surfaces. Studies are made to process the data of reflected lights pointed at the surface to be measured. Results obtained are compared with those of measurement by stylus roughness meter. Correlations between the two types of roughness measurement are well. The proposed method can be used as a sensor for a polishing robot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.232-236
• /
• 1996

This paper deals with an on-the-machine measurement method for roughness of ground surface by using flux ratio of scattered lights. A sensor and control unit is developed so as to e applied to surface grinding processes. The performance of the sensor is compared with that of stylus. The experimental investigation shows that not onlythe sensor has good performance as a surface roughness sensor but alsothe sensor is very useful for monitoring grinding condition in order to detect ill-conditioned grinding or dressing time.