• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.1561-1574
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• 2019

A standard form of six stylized human intrusion scenarios for a near-surface disposal facility (e.g. the planned Korean repository, Gyeongju Phase II) is proposed through re-categorization of totally thirty-one past cases reported in public literature. A reference assessment framework for inadvertent human intrusion is newly developed using GENII Version 2 conforming to the ICRP Publication 60 and thereafter. Calculated dose from the assessment framework is verified by comparing with hand calculation results for simplified model equations independently derived. Results from GENII Version 2 and 1.485 show inevitable differences, which is mainly attributed to the difference in the external dose assessment model. If intake dose coefficients in GENII Version 1.485 are modified, the difference can be reduced but still exist to an extent. Through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, most affecting four parameters are derived and uncertainties of the parameters are quantified. It is expected that the reference assessment framework together with representative stylized scenarios can be used to do a human intrusion impact assessment for a specific repository using site-specific information. Especially, the past practice of human intrusion impact assessment using GENII Version 1.485 with or without modification may be replaced with the new assessment framework developed in this study.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

Embodying the safety of radioactive waste disposal requires the relevant safety criteria and the corresponding stylized methods to demonstrate its compliance with the criteria. This paper proposes a conceptual model of risk-based safety evaluation for integrating complex potential radiation exposure situations in radioactive waste disposal. For demonstrating compliance with a risk constraint, the approach deals with important exposure scenarios from the viewpoint of the receptor to estimate the resulting risk. For respective exposure situations, it considers the occurrence probabilities of the relevant exposure scenarios as their probability of giving rise to doses to estimate the total risk to a representative person by aggregating the respective risks. In this model, an exposure scenario is simply constructed with three components:radionuclide release, radionuclide migration and environment contamination, and interaction between the contaminated media and the receptor. A set of exposure scenarios and the representative person are established from reasonable combinations of the components, based on a balance of their occurrence probabilities and the consequences. In addition, the probability of an exposure scenario is estimated on the assumption that the initiating external factors influence release mechanisms and transport pathways, and its effect on the interaction between the environment and the receptor may be covered in terms of the representative person. This integrated approach enables a systematic risk assessment for complex exposure situations of radioactive waste disposal and facilitates the evaluation of compliance with risk constraints.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Wholesale club is one of the fastest expanding retailer formats. Given its key features such as limited assortment and no promotion policy, the current paper provides a theory on why the wholesale clubs charge their members fixed annual fees. In a competitive setting with supermarkets, the proposed model demonstrates that the membership fee is the optimal reaction of wholesale clubs to supermarkets" sales promotion. More specifically, the positive amount of annual fee is only justified under the condition that there exists consumer heterogeneity in consumption rate and when the supermarket exercises price promotion on the product that the wholesale club carries. This paper describes the competition in a stylized fashion and derives the optimal membership fee under a scenario where retail promotion is present. This study is valuable in that it offers a different explanation on wholesale club membership fee than conventional wisdoms such as cost sharing and that it provides insights to the managers who consider no-fee format.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 처분장이 건설 운영되고, 폐쇄 후 제도적 관리기간이 끝나게 되어 그 곳에 처분장이 존재한다는 사실과 위해(hazard)의 정도가 잊혀 지면서 무의식적인(inadvertent) 처분장 인간침입이 일어날 경우 이를 어떻게 평가할 것인지에 대해 기술하였다. 처분장 인간침입을 평가하기 위한 전제조건을 국내 또는 국제적으로 권고한 사항에 근거하여 설정하고 처분장 인간침입 평가방법론에 대해 기술하였다. 처분장 인간침입 평가 방법론에서는 사회적요인, 인간침입 시나리오, 방지대책 도출시 상호 관계에 대해 언급하였으며, 시나리오 도출절차에 대해서도 언급하였다. 인간침입 방지대책을 도출하기 위한 절차를 네 단계로 구분하여, 기본 정보를 도출하는 방법, 일반방지대책을 도출하는 방법, 후보방지대책을 도출하는 방법, 정형화된 시나리오를 고려하여 최종적으로 인간침입 방지대책을 도출하는 방법 등에 대해 체계적으로 기술하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 인간침입 평가 방법론은 향후 인간침입의 가능성을 감소시키고 인간침입 발생 시 위해를 줄이기 위한 방지대책 마련 시 유용하게 활용될 것으로 판단된다.