• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this research is to analyze the current trend of the studies about eridian muscle and to provide background for further studies. Methods : Reviewing 33 domestic oriental medical studies about meridian muscle, and comparative analysis was made. These studies were classified by method, theme and subtitle. Results : 1. According to the classification by study method, number of literary studies are 22(67%), which is more than half, number of experimental studies are 5(15%) and clinical studies are 6(18%). 2. According to the classification by study theme in literary study, percentage of 'Structure amp; Movement of Meridian Muscle' took 64%, Theory study of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' took 9% arranged in order. 3. In 'Theory study of Meridian Muscle', there were not only literary approaches but also Deficiency-Excessiveness(虛實) and historical approaches. Study about 'Structure & Movement of Meridian Muscle' includes analysis of muscle and Myofascial pain syndrome. On this background, it is necessary to recognize the linkage and motion analysis of Meridian Muscle. Therefore, studies were changed into interpretation about Anatomy trains, analysis of motion. The study about 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' provided the various treatment method-Acupuncture, Manual therapy, Ashi(阿是)-point therapy, CHUNA therapy etc.- in literary study. The study about the 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' has been performed in relation to Embedding Therapy, Kyungkuen chuna, Ki-gong therapy. 4. Experimental Studies were all Anatomical Studies. Studies were done in trial of discovering the actual existence, but revealed problem in interpretating the meaning of Meridian Muscle. 5. Clinical Studies based on Ashi(阿是)-point therapy CHUNA Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy etc, were performed. Experimental studies about Meridian Muscle were assessed as low grade according to Jadad Scale. There were no studies which were based on well-organized Meridian Muscle theory. Conclusions : There needs to be more discussion about concept of Meridian Muscle and proceed more reliable experimental studies with organized Meridian Muscle theory. Further objective studies about treatment of Meridian Muscle should be done.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2024

Objectives : This study is to investigate the current National Health Insurance Database cohort studies related to complications of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and suggest the design of Korean medical epidemiological studies of PD. Methods : Nationwide longitudinal studies of PD patients in South Korea were collected through Pubmed and the Korea Citation Index (KCI). We selected cohort studies that used the National Health Insurance Database in Korea and targeted Parkinson's disease patients. Studies published before February 2024 were categorized according to study designs. We examined variables and covariates, enroll dates and matching methods. Results : Of a total of 536 studies, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies used the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database and among them, 5 used sample data and one senior database. Studies can be classified into two types. 11 cohort studies were comparing PD patients and non-PD patients. Another type was 4 PD patients cohort studies. Most studies used two diagnostic codes (G20 and V124) for inclusion criteria. Enroll periods were from 2002 to 2017, and follow-up periods were from 7 to 14 years. 16 studies considered age and sex as covariates. 15 studies used the propensity score matching method to increase the level of causality. There was only one study related to the Korean medical treatment. Conclusion : In future cohort studies on Korean medical treatment, more attempts should be made to reveal the effect of the treatments on PD patients by defining inclusion criteria for patient groups, covariates, exposure variables, and assessment indicators more operatively.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify patterns and trends of hardiness studies and to suggest the direction of further research. Method : Forty-seven hardiness studies were collected through internet searching and were reviewed by some criteria. Result : The results showed that hardiness studies have increased rapidly since 1990's. Eighteen studies were thesis' for degrees and others were for non-degree research studies. All studies employed the non-experimental design, particularly correlational studies. In the sampling method, all studies used non-probability sampling. Most commonly used instrument for hardiness measurement was Pollock(1986)'s HRHS. In the majority of research, hardiness was treated both as a composite measure and 3 subscales. Hardiness-related concepts were 27 and classified into 5 categories such as health behavior, stress, adaptation, support, and others. Most common statistical technique was Pearson's correlation coefficient, followed by regression, ANOVA, path analysis. Conclusion : To be utilized as practical nursing knowledge, hardiness studies should be done with more empirical analysis such as experimental research, and Meta-analysis is needed to compare the effect size and significance of composit and 3 subscales of hardiness construct.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the thread embedding treatment studies of obesity in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : We reviewed 59 studies on cat-gut-embedding treatment of obesity which were published from 2005 to 2012. The studies were searched using the data base-CAJ(China Academic Journals; 中國期刊全文數據庫)(2005~2012). Results : Selected 59 studies were divided into 27 case series and 32 control studies. The number of studies has increased since 2005, more rapidly in 2011~2012. Most case series reported were about effectiveness of thread embedding monotherapy treating obesity. Control studies reported were about effectiveness of thread embedding treatment compared with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and medicine. Most studies on thread embedding treatment of obesity showed that its effectiveness was very good. Conclusions : There have been many reports of thread embedding treatment studies of obesity in Traditional Chinese Medicine. We believed that these studies could be applied to the clinical practice and basic research in Korea.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the previously published research articles related to puffer fish toxin focusing on tumor. Method: Literatures were searched in PubMed database, published since 2000, using the keyword; Puffer fish, Fugu and tetrodotoxin (TTX) with cancer or tumor. Research papers were classified by year, country, study model, used material, kind of tumor and study subject. Finally, a total of 41 studies were analyzed in this study. Results: From 2000 to 2018, the most abundant papers were published in 2009 (6 studies) and almost half of the papers were studied in United Kingdom (20 studies). The 39 studies used TTX purified from puffer fish while 2 studies used crude extract of skin and gonad of puffer fish. The most used target cell line was prostate cancer (15 studies), and the next was breast cancer (14 studies). The study methods were classified into 4 clinical studies, 2 animal studies and 35 cell-based studies. Conclusions: Our results show that the overview of cancer-related studies using puffer fish poison. This information would be helpful for the puffer fish-derived drug researches in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2015

After the reversion of Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands) to Japan in 1972, extensive urban and agricultural development resulted in a significant increase in sediment discharge to coastal waters. The release of sediment has caused the degradation of freshwater and coastal ecosystems and biodiversity. A consideration for catchment-to-reef continua, as well as agricultural (socioeconomic) factors is necessary to establish proper land-based management plans for the conservation of the island environment. We have set up a framework to integrate biophysics and socioeconomics: 1) setting a conservation target and threshold, 2) identifying the sources and processes, and 3) examining cost-effectiveness and management priorities. The framework may be applicable to other tropical and subtropical islands with similar characteristics.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.81-97
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to build the concept of luxury brand and analyze the previous luxury brand studies. A number of publication and journals were reviewed and analyzed depending on subjects and year. The result of review and analysis were as follows: 1. The concept of luxury brand in the previous studies were arranged and the concept of luxury brand was defined by special characteristics of luxury brand. The subjects were usually categorized into three fundamental groups: luxury brand consumer characteristics, Marketing's 4P of luxury brand, social & culture analysis of luxury brand. In general, the studies of luxury brand consumer characteristics are conducted most actively, and they are followed by the marketing of luxury brand and social & culture analysis of luxury brand. 2. Luxury brand studies were organized by year. As a result, of this study, It tends to increase the concern and studies of luxury brand from 2003 to 2005. At the beginning of luxury brand studies, the consumer characteristics studies were researched actively. However the marketing studies were increasing and subjects were diversed gradually. But, previous studies of Luxury brand lacked in explaining changed consumer characteristics, marketing and social & culture analysis. Thus, this study directed the future studies to study deep into luxury brand studies.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was aimed to review the trend of dementia clinical studies in Korean Oriental Medicine and to suggest better clinical studies. Method : We collected 26 papers on dementia clinical studies in the internet site OASIS using the keyword 'Dementia'. Then we analyzed them. Results : There were 26 clinical study papers that were published between 1996 and 2010. Observational studies account for 61% of total clinical studies, whereas experimental studies account for only 31%. Effects of treatment in experimental studies was evaluated mainly by MMSE-K and K-DRS. Treatment period of experimental studies was longer than 100days. Conclusions : High quality experimental studies like randomized clinical trial(RCT) and intervention studies which use syndrome differentiation(辨證) have not yet been published. It is necessary to research and develop duration of treatment effect and tools for evaluating treatment effects.

• Journal of Child Welfare and Development
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in the studies on safety education of infant-early childhood teachers in order to provide basic data for a variety of studies in the field of child education. We consulted a total of 59 dissertations and journals articles on the safety education of infant-early childhood teachers published from 2008 to 2018. Our results were as follows: First, we found that the largest number of studies concerned safety awareness, followed by status and awareness, safety actions, safety education analysis, safety accidents and countermeasures, emergencies, development of programs, and teacher education. Second, we found that the most popular targets were child-care of teachers, followed by teacher-trainees, and center directors. Third, among the types of studies, we found that investigative quantitative studies were the most prevalent, followed by correlational studies, qualitative studies, and experimental studies. In terms of methods of gathering data, we found that questionnaires were the most commonly used, followed by qualitative studies, literature reviews, qualitative/quantitative studies, and quantitative literature reviews.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders. Methods: We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included. Results: Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.