• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-42
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• 1978

This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.841-856
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 과학 정체성 개념을 사용하여, 과학에 대한 흥미는 높지만 과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부가 낮았던 초등 4학년 학생들의 진로 포부의 변화를 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구목적에 맞는 참여자를 선별하였고, 14명의 학생을 대상으로 2회(4학년, 5학년)의 심층면담을 실시하였다. 과학 경험에 대한 학생들의 설문조사, 교사로 부터 제공받은 자료 또한 심층면담 자료를 뒷받침하는 보조 자료로 사용하였다. 1차면담(4학년)에서 과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부가 낮았던 14명의 학생들은 2차면담(5학년)에서 다양한 변화를 보여주었는데, 6명은 지속적으로 낮은 진로 포부를, 6명은 보통의 진로 포부를, 그리고 2명은 높은 진로 포부를 보였다. 이 가운데 세 명의 초점 학생을 선정하였고, 과학 정체성 요소와 진로 포부의 관계를 깊이있게 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, 진로와 관련하여 개인마다 가치를 두는 과학 정체성 요소가 달랐으며(윤우는 타인의 평가, 태우는 자신의 흥미, 인제는 과학 능력), 이러한 요소에 따라 요소들 사이의, 그리고 요소와 과학 관련 진로 포부 사이의 상호작용은 개인마다 다른 양상을 보여주었다. 시간이 흐르면서 참여자들이 겪은 경험과 주변의 타인들과의 상호작용은 과학 정체성 요소의 변화에 영향을 주었고, 이는 요소들 사이의 상호작용을 통한 과학 관련 진로 포부의 변화로 이어졌다. 동료와의 관계에 대한 인식(나에 대한 동료의 평가와 동료에 대한 나의 평가에 대한 인식)과 과학 관련 진로에 대한 인식 또한 학생들이 자신에 대해 판단하고 과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부를 형성하는데 중요하게 영향을 미치고 있어, 이를 고려한 주변의 지원과 과학 관련 진로에 대한 안내가 필요함을 제안한다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.837-856
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 비구조화된 문제해결 프로그램이 고등학교 과학영재의 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식과 메타인지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아봄으로써 인성교육을 중요시하는 영재교육에서 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식과 메타인지를 향상시키는 방법에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위함이다. 연구대상자는 서울특별시 소재 고등학교 과학영재 1학년 17명과 2학년 19명을 대상으로 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식 및 메타인지에 대한 사전검사를 실시하였다. 비구조화된 문제해결 프로그램 12차시를 적용한 후 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식 및 메타인지에 대한 사후검사를 실시하였으며 프로그램에 대한 학생들의 인식을 알아보기 위한 소감문을 작성하도록 하였다. 사전-사후 검사를 통해 얻는 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식 및 메타인지 결과를 대응표본 t-검정을 통해 분석하였으며, 학생들의 프로그램 인식 소감문도 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비구조화된 문제해결 프로그램이 고등학교 과학영재의 사회적 자기효능감을 유의미하게 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 하위영역 중에서는 도움 요청에서 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 둘째, 비구조화된 문제해결 프로그램이 고등학교 과학영재의 민주시민의식을 유의미하게 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 하위영역 중에서는 민주주의 기능에서 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 셋째, 비구조화된 문제해결 프로그램이 고등학교 과학영재의 메타인지를 유의미하게 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 학생들의 소감문을 분석한 결과 프로그램에 대한 긍정적인 인식을 보여주었다. 이와 같이 본 프로그램에서 고등학교 과학영재를 위한 프로그램을 개발할 때는 사회적 자기효능감, 민주시민의식 및 메타인지를 향상시키는데 효과적인 비구조화된 프로그램에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2022

이 연구는 '태양 복사'가 '가시광선 복사'로, '지구 복사'가 '적외선 복사'로 상호 대체될 수 있는 개념인가에 대한 문제 인식에서 출발하였다. 이를 위해 각 개념을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 드러낼 수 있는 질문지를 통하여 지구과학 I을 이수한 고등학생들의 인식을 조사하고, 이들의 인식에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 교과서의 서술 및 삽화를 분석하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사에 참여한 학생들은 모두 태양 복사를 가시광선 영역에서만 방출되는 복사로 인식하고 있으며, 지구 열수지에서 대류·전도·숨은열을 복사에 의한 에너지 전달로 인식하고 있는 학생들도 약 35%로 나타났다. 둘째, 2015 개정 교육과정의 지구과학 I 6종 교과서를 분석한 결과, 2종에서는 '단파 복사'와 '장파 복사'라는 용어를 도입하지만 이들에 대한 설명이 없었으며, 다른 2종에서는 태양 복사를 각각 '주로 가시광선 형태의 복사' 또는 '파장이 짧은 가시광선 복사'로 서술하였다. 그 밖의 2종 교과서에 있는 태양 복사와 지구 복사에 관하여, 파장 영역에 대한 설명이 없거나 '단파장/장파장'이라는 모호한 용어가 사용되었다. 아울러 2종의 교과서에서 열수지 삽화에 일부 오류가 발견되었다. 따라서 교과서들이 단파 복사와 장파 복사에 관한 정확한 용어 정의 없이 태양 복사와 지구 복사를 설명함에 따라 학습자들은 태양 복사와 지구 복사를 각각 가시광선 복사와 적외선 복사라는 개념으로 인식할 개연성이 있다. 이를 종합해 보면, 교과서에 기술된 불분명한 진술이나 오류가 학생들의 오개념을 유발하거나 재생산할 수 있음을 함의한다. 이 연구에서 논의된 바가 지구의 열수지와 복사 평형에 대한 교수·학습 과정의 유용한 참고 자료로 활용되고, 추후 교과서 집필에서도 합리적인 서술 방안을 제안하는 데 기여할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

본 연구는 치위생과 신입생들의 전공 및 직업의식을 알아보기 위해 경기 지역에 위치한 3개 대학의 치위생과 신입생 361명을 대상으로 설문조사 하였으며, SPSS WIN 11.5 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 직업에 관련된 견해에서 직장을 선택하는 조건으로는 보수가 많은 직장 M = 2.97점으로 가장 우선적으로 선택하였고, 직업에 대한 견해로는 생활수입을 위한 수단 M = 1.60점, 치과병의원 수익에 대한 견해로는 기계구입,시설확장, 기술개발 등 발전에 재투자해야 한다가 M = 2.00점으로 각각 가장 우선적인 선택으로 조사되었다. 2. 입학동기에 따른 전공만족와의 관계에서는 매우 만족과 만족하는 경우 적성에 맞는것 같아서 96.6%, 안정된 직업을 얻기 위해서 82.6%, 가족 친지 담임교사의 권유에 의해서 62.8%, 입학성적에 맞추어서 59.1%순이었으며, 경제적 사정으로 진학한 경우는 불만족 100%로 조사되어 입학동기에 따른 전공에 대한 만족도는 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.01). 3. 전반적인 직업의식은 3.10점이었고, 각 유형별 직업의식은 대인관계 직업의식 및 근로윤리 직업의식이 각각 3.19점으로 가장 높았으며, 학술관련 직업의식 3.04점, 전문직종 직업의식 2.99점으로 가장 낮게 조사되었다. 4. 일반적 특성에 따른 직업의식 정도에서는 입학동기와 입학당시의 정보에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p < 0.05), 전공 만족에 따른 직업의식 정도에서는 전공학과, 직업유지, 직업전망 및 전공교환에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.01).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.101-127
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 가정과 생애설계 관련 단원을 중심으로 과정 중심 평가를 위한 교수·학습과정안을 설계·개발하고, 이를 적용하여 실행한 뒤 피드백 방안을 제안하고 참여관찰 및 면담을 통해 이 수업을 평가하는 데 있다. 학생 성찰일지, 교사의 수업일지, 참여관찰 일지, 면담, 수행과제물 등을 수집·분석하여 학생에 대한 피드백, 수업 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 추출된 학습주제를 기반으로 개발된 교수·학습과정안은 "내가 원하는 인생을 살기 위해 나는 무엇을 해야 있는가?"라는 실천적 문제 하에 4가지 학습주제를 2차시씩 총 8차시를 개발하였다. 5가지의 평가주제로 포트폴리오를 구성하며 구술·발표, 관찰평가, 자기평가, 동료평가의 방법을 적용하였다. 둘째, 수업 과정 중 교사의 피드백, 동료 학습자 간 피드백, 결과물을 통한 피드백 방안 및 이를 기록하는 방안을 제안하였다. 셋째, 관찰일지 및 면담 등 수집된 자료 분석을 통해 수업 이후 수업 참여학생은 과정 중심 평가의 필요성을 인식하였으며, 노력하는 과정을 평가받으니 수업 참여가 높아졌고, 피드백을 통해 배움이 확장되었으며, 자신의 미래에 한걸음 나아가는 학습 성장을 경험하였다고 평가하였다. 교사는 피드백을 통한 수업이 수업 단원과 역량 함양에 적합하였으나 피드백의 어려움을 단점으로 제시하였다. 과정 중심 평가를 위해 평가에 대한 인식의 변화를 통해 온·오프라인에서 피드백이 가능한 다양한 방안과 단원과 대상을 확대한 후속연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify the difference between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of primiparae during the early postpartum period. The goal of the study was to obtain data needed to develope maternal education programs and to improve the nursing quality for primipara. The subjects were 111 primiparae who had normal delivery at 2 general hospitals in the Seoul area. The data was gathered using an 81 items questionnaire which was developed by the researcher from Nov. 30, 1995 to Feb. 5, 1996. Results found are as follows : 1. The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 26-30yrs(60.4%), high school graduated(49.5%), jobless(52.3%), had no religion(49.5%), no antenatal(74.5%), and postnatal education on self and infant care(55.9%). A large proportion of primiparae intended to feed breast milk(49.5%) but in fact only 7.2% fed breast milk while in the hospital. Many subjects perceived that they had reasonable self confidence about self care(46.8%), and infant care(36%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care was relatively high(Mn 3.98) but the level of satisfaction was of average level(Mn 3.09). Therefore, difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 3. The nursing needs by category of nursing care the highest need was on the education of infant care(4.29), the lowest was on physical care(3.80). The level of satisfaction was higher on environmental care(3.40) and physical care(3.32). But the category that showed the lowest satisfaction was education of infant care(2.67). Hence, difference of categories between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 4. Among items of physical care, observation of primiparas' conditions(4.21), accurate medication and treatment(4.18), care of breast engorgement(4.07) and control of postpartal hemorrage(4.01) showed high nursing needs. On the other hand, only the level of satisfaction was higher on accurate medication and treatment(3.82). The rest of items revealed only average level of satisfactions. Difference of items between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001) except items of dietary care. 5. Among items of psychological care, 8 items of nursing needs were high(3.72-4.29), expecially detailed explanation on which mothers want to know(4.29), treatment and nursing care they receive(4.23), kind and faithful care(4.22), early contacts with their baby(4.20), and adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18). Among items of psychological care higher satisfactions were shown on items of kind and faithful care(3.80), personal treatment(3.70), and detailed explanation to mothers, but the least satisfied items was early contact with baby(2.13). Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 6. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction was on the items of neat bedding and pajamas(3.54). The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 7. Among the items of educational needs on self care, all of 22 items revealed higher educational needs(3.50-4.33) but the levels of satisfaction varied with a range of 2.63-3.42. Among the items the satisfactions were high on items of breast care including massages(3.42), perineal care(3.36) and expression of breast milk(3.32). Less satisfied items were drugs not be taken by breast milk feeder(2.63), maintenance of breast figure(2.76) and postpartum exercise(2.80) and so on. The difference was significant(p=0.0001). maintain 8. Among the items of educational needs on infant care, 19 items revealed higher educational needs(3.28-4.54). And the highest need were on the 3 items of normal growth and development of infant, safety and emergency care, symptoms of sick(4.45) and the meaning of crying of the baby(4.52). The level of satisfaction among items of education of infant care ranged from 2.47 to 3.16. Most satisfied items were buriping(3.16), bathing(3.11) and diapering(3.09). The items of which the mother's needs were high revealed the lowest satisfaction level. The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 9. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among primiparae of different characteristics were as follows : 1) Nursing needs of physical and psychological areas were significantly different among different age levels but no relationship was found on other categories regardless of the level of satisfaction. 2) With regard to different levels of education, some relationship was found in nursing needs of psychological area(p=0.007), educational needs on infant care(p=0.04) and environmental care(p=0.01). Also, the difference of satisfaction level was significant. 3) Working mothers had higher nursing needs and were more satisfied on items of physical care(p=0.05), education on self care and infant care. Difference were significant between nursing needs and level of satisfaction. 4) With regards to different religion a moderate relation was found between nursing needs of environmental care infant care education but no relationship was found on levels of satisfaction. 5) With regards to antenatal education, the mothers who have had no antenatal education revealed higher nursing needs on physical care but those who had antenatal education were more satisfied with education on self care and infant care. The difference was significant. (p=0.0001). 6) With regards to postpartum education, the mothers who have had some sort of postpartum education revealed higher nursing needs on physical and self care. And they were more satisfied with nursing of every category except infant care than mothers who had not any postpartum education. Differences was significant between the nursing needs and levels of satisfaction.(p=0.0001). 7) With regards to breast feeding experience during the hospitalization, those who had no experience of breast feeding revealed higher nursing needs on physical care in contrast to breast feeders, who had higher educational needs on infant care. And breast feeder were more satisfied with all categories. Differences was significant(p=0.0001). 8) With regards to perception of self confidence on self care and infant care, no relationship was found on nursing needs and level of satisfaction in every category of nursing.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 1988

I. Introduction Since the 1970's drug abuse among young people has increasingly become a social problem in Korea. In the 1980's, drug abuse, especially glue sniffing, has become the cause of many unfortunated incidents resulting in harm to others as well as the abusers themselves. Taking into consideration of the seriousness of this problem, the Republic of Korea National Red Cross initiated a nation-wide research programme, to understand the present situation and to raise the level of public awareness. The goal of this research was to begin a nation - wide campaign against drug abuse. The research team was composed of the Advisary Committee members and the staff of the Youth Department of the Republic of Korea National Red Cross. The data were collected in February 1988 with the collaboration of the staff and volunteers in the local Chapters. The respondents were allocated nation-wide by the quota sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in three groups :2, 700 to junior and senior high school students, 605 to working youths, and 916 to delinquent youths. A total of 4, 221 questionnaires were collected. II. Characteristics of the Respondents The respondents in each group were selected evenly from rural and urban areas. The general characteristics of the respondents can be described as follow: in case of students, the proportions between male and female respondents, and between senior high school and junior high school students were almost evenly distributed. In case of working youths, the proportion of females (80.5%) was higher than those of the students and the delinquents groups. Delinquent youths were defined as those currently being under custody of the centers for juvenile delinquents. Of this number, 38.8% and 68.2% were junior and senior high school drop-outs respectively. The majority of them (92.6%) were male. As for the family background of the respondents, the proportion of those residing in poverty - stricken areas, and the proportion of those from broken families were higher in case of working youths and delinquent youths than those in case of students. III. Present Patterns of Drug Abuse The following summarizes the presents of drug abuse, as tabulated from the results of the survey. 1. Smoking The percentage of youths who smoke was 36% in the student group, 32% m the working youths group, and 94.4% in the delinquent youths group. 2. Alcohol 50.3% of students, 71.6% of working youths, and 93.3% of delinquent youths has experienced drinking alcohol beverages. 3. Tonic: non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages popular in Korea and Japan The percentage of those who have used tonic at least once was over 90% in all of the three groups. 4. Sedative About 70% of each group has used sedative with the proportion of working youths use higher than those in other groups. 5. Stimulants Those who have used stimulants comprised around 15% in each group. 6. Tranquilizers Somewhat less than 5% of students and working youths, and 28% of delinquent youths, have used tranquilizers. 7. Hypnotics The users of hypnotics amounted to 0.4% of students, 2.6% of working youths and 7.1% of delinquent youths. 8. Marihuana Those who have used marihuana indicated 0.7% of students, 0.8% of working youths, and 13% of delinquent youths. 9. Glue-sniffing The percentage of glue-sniffing was 3.7%, 5% in the students group and in the youths group respectively, but the proportion was unusually high, at 40.7% in the delinquent youths group. From the results of the survey the present situation of drug abuse in Korea can be summarized as follows: 1. A high percentage of Korean youths have experienced smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages. 2. Tonics (non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages), antipyretic analgesics and stimulants quite regularly used. 3. Tranquilizers, hypnotics, marihuana and glue-sniffing are more widely used among delinquent youths than the other youths. From this fact, there exists a correlation between drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. IV. Time-series Analysis of the First Experience of Drug Abuse and Deviant Behaviour The respoundents were asked when they were first exposed to drugs and when they committed deviant acts. By calculating the average age of each experience, the following pattern was found (See Figure 1). Youths are first exposed to drugs by abuse of tonic(non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages). At the age of 13, they amoke cigarettes, the use of antipyretic analgesics begins at 14 year old, while at the age of 15, they use tranquilizers, and at 16 hynotics. The period of drug abuse which starts from drinking caffeinated beverages and smoking cigarettes and ends in the use of hypnotics takes about three years. During this period, other delinquent behaviours begin to surface, that is, at the age of 13 when smoking cigarettes begins, the delinquent behaviour pattern starts with truancy. Next, they start taking money from others by using physical force. Prior to the age of 15, they are suspended from school, become hostile to adults, begin running away from home, and start using stimulants and alcohol. Soon they become involved even in glue-sniffing and in the use of marihuana. At the age of 15, they begin to see adult videos and carry weapons. Sexual promiscuity and usage of tranquilizers follows the viewing of adult videos. Consequently, by the time they reach the age of 16, they visit drinking establishments, and are picked up by police for committing delinquent acts. And finally, they come to use hypnotic - type drugs. From the above descriptions, drug abuse can be assumed to have a close correlation with delinquent behaviour. V. Social Factors Related to Drug Abuse As for the Korean youths, glue-sniffing is found to he related to aggressive delinquency, in such cases as run - aways, being picked up by the police, and taking money by force. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol is found to be related to seeing adult videos and visiting drinking establishments. Hypnotics and marihuana were found to be representive of drugs which are related to degenerational delinquency, irrespective of social delinquency. The social factors connected with these drug abuse are as follows: 1. Individual factors Male students were more heavily involved in the usage of drug than females. Youths who do not attend church were more likely to be involved in drugs than those who attend. 2. Family factors The youths who were displeased with their mothers smoking and those who thought their parents did not love each other, or those whose parents had used drugs without prescription, were more likely to he drug users. 3. School factors Those youths who found school life boring, were unsuccessful in their studies, spend most of their time with friends, feel their teachers smoke too much, those who had a positive perception of their teachers smoking were likely to he drug users. To sum up, drug abusers depend on the influence of their parents, teachers and peers. IV. Reasons for Drug Abuse Korean students have mainly used drugs to release stress (42.8%), to stay awake (19.7%), and because of the easy accessibility of drugs( 16.6%). Other reasons are due to their ignorance of the side effects of the drugs (3.6%), natural curiosity (4.2%), and to increase strength(3.O%). From the above facts, the major reasons for drug abuse among Korean youths are to release stress and to stay awake in order to prepare exams. Furthermore, since drugs are readily available, we can conclude that drug abuse is caused by the school system(such as entrance exams) in Korea. VII. Conclusion Drug usage among Korean youths are relatively less common than those of western youths. In some cases, such as, glue-sniffing and use of stimulants, the pattern of drug abuse is found. Moreover, early drug abuse is evident, and it has a close connection with deviant behaviour, resulting in juvenile delinquency. Drug abuse cannot be attributed to any one social factor. Specifically, drug abuse depends on parents, peers, teachers and other members of the community, and also is influenced by social institutions such as the entrance exam system. Every person and organization concerned with youth must participate collectively in restraining drug abuse. Finally, it is suggested that social agencial working for youth welfare should make every effort to tackle this serious problem confronted by the Korean youths today.