• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.126-141
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• 2000

A major step towards understanding of the genetic basis of an organism is the complete sequence determination of all genes in target genome. The nucleotide sequence encoded in the genome contains the information that specifies the amino acid sequence of every protein and functional RNA molecule. In principle, it will be possible to identify every protein resposible for the structure and function of the body of the target organism. The pattern of expression in different cell types will specify where and when each protein is used. The amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by each gene will be derived from the conceptional translation of the nucleotide sequence. Comparison of these sequences with those of known proteins, whose sequences are sorted in database, will suggest an approximate function for many proteins. This mini review describes the development of new sequencing methods and the optimization of sequencing strategies for whole genome, various cDNA and genomic analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.656-659
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• 2005

Small peptides synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) genes are found in bacteria and fungi. While some microbial taxa have few, others make a large number and variety. However, biochemical characterization of the products synthesized by NPRS demands a great deal of efforts. Since the completion of genome projects of numerous microorganisms, the numbers of available NRPSs genes are being expanded. Prediction of the peptides encoded by NRPS could save time and efforts. We chose the NRPS gene from Bradyrhizobium japonicum as a model to predict the peptide structure encoded by NRPS genes. Using computational analyses, the domain structure of this gene was defined, and the structure of a peptide synthesized by this NRPS was deduced. It was found that it encoded a tripeptide consisting of proline-serine-phenylalanine. This method would be helpful to predict the structure of small peptides with various NPRS genes from the genome sequence.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.143-146
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• 1998

A new stereoscopic codec. structure using MPEG-2 multiview profile is presented in this paper. In the suggested codec., the left image is coded with motion estimation in the base layerand the right image is coded with disparity estimation in the enhancement layer. Since it is possible to calculate rough motion of the right image sequence with disparity and motion of the left image sequence, motion compensation of the enhancement layer is performed without motion estimation. Since the proposed codec. does not perform motion estimation in the enhancement layer encoding, it is simple and reduces the encoding time. We compared the PSNR of encoded image with three different structured codec., and the experimental results show that suggested codec. has comparable with other codecs.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.230-238
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• 2000

Class III chitin synthases in filamentous fungi are important for hyphal growth and differentiation of several filamentous fungi. A genomic clone containing the full gene encoding Chs4, a class III chitin synthase in Penicillium chrysogenum, was cloned by PCR screening and colony hybridization from the genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis and transcript mapping of chs4 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns and encoded a putative protein of 915 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5'flanking region of the ORF revealed a potential TATA box and several binding sites for transcription activators. The putative transcription initiation site at -716 position was identified by primer extension and the expression of the chs4 during the vegetative growth was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the Chs4 revealed at least 5 transmembrane helices and several sites for past-transnational modifications. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of Chs4 with those of other fungi showed a close relationship between P chrysogenum and genus Aspergillus.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.2S
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• pp.701-710
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• 2000

This paper presents a new method for an efficient coding of very low bit-rate color video based on adaptive wavelet transform. Our approach reveals that the coding process works more efficiently if the quantized wavelet coefficients are preprocessed by a mechanism exploiting the redundancies in the wavelet subband structure. Thus, we focuses optimized activity of coding part, and exhaustive overlapped block motion compensation is utilized to ensure coherency in motion compensated error frames, and raised cosine window is applied. The horizontal and vertical components of motion vectors are encoded separately using adaptive arithmetic coding while significant wavelet coefficients are encoded in bit-plane order using adaptive arithmetic coding. On average the proposed codec exceeds H.263 and ZTE in peak signal-to-noise ratio by as much as 2.07 and 1.38dB at 28 kbits, respectively. Fore entire sequence coding, 3DWCVC method is superior to H.263 and ZTE by 0.35 and 0.71dB on average, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2016

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) acts as a signaling molecule and plays a critical role in secondary metabolism in a variety of organisms, including plants. Six 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II) oxygenase (2OGO) genes, VlCE2OGO1 [Vitis labruscana 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II) oxygenase 1], VlCE2OGO2, VlCE2OGO3, VlCE2OGO4, VlCE2OGO5, and VlCE2OGO6, which show different expression patterns upon transcriptome analysis of 'Campbell Early' grapevine exposed to low temperature for 4 weeks, were analyzed for their structure and expression. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 2OGO genes from the V. labruscana transcripts revealed sequence similarities of 38.6% (VlCE2OGO1 and VlCE2OGO2) to 19.2% (VlCE2OGO2 and VlCE2OGO3). The lengths of these genes ranged from 1053 to 2298 bp, and they encoded 316 to 380 amino acids. The prediction of the secondary structure of the encoded proteins by Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA) indicated that all the genes contained alpha helix (23.95 to 41.71%), extended strand (16 to 22.34%), beta turn (6.65 to 9.22%), and random coil (32.97 to 51.58%) in the analysis. Specific primers from unique regions in each gene obtained by alignment of nucleotide sequences were used in real time PCR for analysis of gene expression. All tested genes showed differential expression in grapevines exposed to low temperature. Of the six transcripts, VlCE2OGO1, VlCE2OGO2, and VlCE2OGO3 were up-regulated and VlCE2OGO4, VlCE2OGO5, and VlCE2OGO6 were down-regulated in response to cold treatments at all tested time points. The 2OG genes can be used for elucidation of mechanisms of tolerance to cold and as valuable molecular genetic resources for selection in breeding programs for cold-hardy grapevines.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2001

A new stereoscopic codec. structure using MPEG-2 multiview profile is presented in this paper. In the suggested codec., the left image is coded with motion estimation in the base layer and the right image is coded with disparity estimation in the enhancement layer. Since it is possible to calculate rough motion of the right image sequence with disparity and motion of the left image sequence, motion compensation of the enhancement layer is performed without motion estimation. To apply this mathod to MVP codec., the prediction mode of base layer and enhancement layer is restricted, and B picture mode in the base layer is removed. Since the proposed codec. does not perform motion estimation in the enhancement layer encoding and prediction mode of base layer is restricted, it's structure is simple and reduces the encoding time. We compared the SNR of encoded image with three different structured codec., and the experimental results show suggested codec. have comparable result.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.840-843
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• 2000

The structure of gal/lac operon of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC7962 was partially characterized and the gene (galM) encoding galactose mutarotase was cloned together with the order; galA-galM-galK-galT. The galM was found to be 1,027 bp in length and encoded the protein of 37,609 Da calculated molecular mass. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a homology with GalM proteins from several other microorganisms. Thus, the galM gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the product was identified as a 38 kDa protein which corresponded to the size estimated from DNA sequence. mutarotase activity of the IPTG inducedrecombinant was 2.7 times increased against that of the host strain.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 1997

The MTF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a 43 kDa MITOCHONDRIAL RNA polymerase specificity factor which recognizes mitochondrial promoters to initiate correct transcription. To better understand structure-function of the MTF1 gene as well as the transcription mechanism of mitochondrial RNA polymerase, two cold-sensitive alleles of the MTF1 mutation were isolated by plasmid shuffling method after PCR-based random mutagenesis of the MTF1 gene. The mutation sites were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing. These cs phenotype mtf1 mutants were respiration competent on the nonfermentible glycerol medium at the permissive temperature, but incompetent at 13.deg.C. The cs phenotype allele of the MTF1, yJH147, encoded an L146P replacement. The other cs allele, yJH148, contained K179E and K214M double replacements. Mutations in both alleles were in a region of Mtflp which is located between domains with amino acid sequence similarities to conserved regions 2 and 3 of bacterial s factors.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.230-230
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• 2002

Class Ⅲ chitin synthases in filamentous fungi are important for hyphal growth and differentiation of several filamentous fungi. A genomic clone containing the full gene encoding Chs4, a class Ⅲ chitin synthase in Penicillium chrysogenum, was cloned by PCR screening and colony hybridization from the genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis and transcript mapping of chs4 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns and encoded a putative protein of 915 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5′flanking region of the ORF revealed a potential TATA box and several binding sites for transcription activators. The putative transcription initiation site at -716 position was identified by primer extension and the expression of the chs4 during the vegetative growth was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the Chs4 revealed at least 5 transmembrane helices and several sites for past-transnational modifications. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of Chs4 with those of other fungi showed a close relationship between P chrysogenum and genus Aspergillus.