• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2007

The ubiquitous family of 14-3-3 proteins functions as regulators in a variety of physiological processes. Eight rice 14-3-3 genes, designated OsGF14a through h, were identified from an exhaustive search of the genome database. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences reveal a high degree of identity among members of the OsGF14 family and reported Arabidopsis 14-3-3 proteins. A phylogenetic study indicates that OsGF14s contain both $\varepsilon$ and non-$\varepsilon$ forms, which is also confirmed by a structural analysis of OsGF14 genes. Furthermore, transcripts of OsGF14b, OsGF14c, OsGF14d, OsGF14e, OsGF14f and OsGF14g were detected in rice tissues. Their different expression patterns, the different effects of environmental stresses and plant hormones on their transcription levels, and the different complementary phenotypes in yeast 14-3-3 mutants not only indicates that OsGF14s are responsive to various stress conditions and regulated by multiple signaling pathways, but also suggests that functional similarity and diversity coexist among the members of OsGF14 family.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2020

Interplay between histone acetylation and deacetylation is one of the key components in epigenetic regulation of transcription. Here we report the requirement of MoHDA1-mediated histone deacetylation during asexual development and pathogenesis for the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Structural similarity and phylogenetic analysis suggested that MoHDA1 is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hda1, which is a representative member of class II histone deacetylases. Targeted deletion of MoHDA1 caused a little decrease in radial growth and large reduction in asexual sporulation. Comparison of acetylation levels for H3K9 and H3K14 showed that lack of MoHDA1 gene led to significant increase in H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation level, compared to the wild-type and complementation strain, confirming that it is a bona fide histone deacetylase. Expression analysis on some of the key genes involved in asexual reproduction under sporulation-promoting condition showed almost no differences among strains, except for MoCON6 gene, which was up-regulated more than 6-fold in the mutant than wild-type. Although the deletion mutant displayed little defects in germination and subsequent appressorium formation, the mutant was compromised in its ability to cause disease. Wound-inoculation showed that the mutant is impaired in invasive growth as well. We found that the mutant was defective in appressorium-mediated penetration of host, but did not lose the ability to grow on the media containing H₂O₂. Taken together, our data suggest that MoHDA1-dependent histone deacetylation is important for efficient asexual development and infection of host plants in M. oryzae.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5998-6016
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• 2017

In thin-film transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCDs), which are most commonly used in mobile devices, the backlight accounts for about 70% of the power consumption. Therefore, most low-power-related studies focus on realizing power savings through backlight dimming. Image compensation is performed to mitigate the visual distortion caused by the backlight dimming. Therefore, popular techniques include pixel compensation for brightness recovery and contrast enhancement, such as histogram equalization. However, existing pixel compensation techniques often have limitations with respect to blur owing to the pixel saturation phenomenon, or because contrast enhancement cannot adequately satisfy the human visual system (HVS). To overcome these, in this study, we propose a novel dimming technique to achieve both power saving and HVS-awareness by combining the pixel compensation and histogram specifications, which convert the original cumulative density function (CDF) by designing and using the desired CDF of an image. Because the process of obtaining the desired CDF is customized to consider image characteristics, histogram specification is found to achieve better HVS-awareness than histogram equalization. For the experiments, we employ the LIVE image database, and we use the structural similarity (SSIM) index to measure the degree of visual satisfaction. The experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves up to 15.9% increase in the SSIM index compared with existing dimming techniques that use pixel compensation and histogram equalization in the case of the same low-power ratio. Further, the results indicate that it achieves improved HVS-awareness and increased power saving concurrently compared with previous techniques.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

Racemic epoxide에 대한 입체선택적 가수분해능을 가지고 있는 곰팡이, Aspergillus niger LK로부터 epoxide hydrolase (EH, EC 3.3.2.3) 유전자의 진화적 유연관계 분석을 행하였다. A. niger LK의 EH 염기서열로부터 유추한 EH 단백질 아미노산 서열은 여러 박테리아의 EH들 및 포유동물의 microsomal EH들과 유의적인 유사성을 가지고 있었으며 a/$\beta$ hydrolase fold family에 속하였다. A. niger LK의 EH 단백질의 입체구조예측은 Protein Data Bank에 수록된 lqo7의 3D 결정구조와 90.6% identity를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 다른 EH들의 아미노산 서열비교를 행한 결과 Asp$^{192}$ , Asp$^{348}$ 및 His$^{374}$ 이 catalytic triad를 구성하고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 여러 생물종의 EH서열을 기능적 및 구조적 domain 서열을 기초로 하여 multiple sequence alignment를 행하고 Neighbor-Joining/UPGMA method를 이용하여 계통수를 복원한 결과 다른 생물종들의 EH와의 진화거리는 서로 1.841∼2.682로 멀었으나 EH의 기능을 가지기 위한 oxyanion hole 및 a/$\beta$ hydrolase fold family의 catalytic triad는 잘 보존되고 있어 공통조상으로부터 진화되어 왔음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 SNS 사용자들이 온라인을 기반으로 생성하는 대인관계에 미치는 영향 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우선 온라인 대인관계 영향 요인들을 문헌적 조사와 실증적 조사를 거쳐 수집한 후, 설문 조사를 실시하였고, PLS와 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석을 하였다. 그 결과 인과적 분류에 따른 개인적, 관계적, 환경적 요인과 사회적매력, 육체적매력, 정보게시성, 호혜성, 유사성, 컨텐츠퀄리티, 웹외양, 공동공간감 등 8가지 세부 요인들은 대인관계 차원에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 검증되었다. 최종적으로 이 요인들을 SNS 사용자들의 온라인 기반 대인관계에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 제안하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.332-341
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• 1989

경상남도 일광 연안으로 흘러내리는 하천의 하구 기수역에서 미끈날망둑온 채집하여 이석과 위내용물을 분석하여, 자치어기의 나이, 성장율 및 식성을 추정하였다. 이석 미세성장선의 하루주기성은 약 15일 간격으로 연속하여 채집된 어류 이석을 각 채집일을 감안하여 성장선 배열의 공통성을 비교 분석하여 증명하였다. 체장의 성장은 Gompertz의 식으로 유의하게 표시되었다. $L=5.73{\cdot}\;e^{15.06}(1-e^{-0.0015t})$관찰 범위에서 체장의 일일성장율은 부화 후 $50\~60$일 사이에는 0.40 mm/day로 작았으나 자라면서 빨라져 $90\~100$일 사이에는 0.85 mm/day로 증가하였다. 위내용물 분석 결과, 미끈날망둑은 전형적인 육식성 어종으로 밝혀졌는데, 주된 먹이생물은 polychaetes, amphipods, copepods 였으며 이들은 위내용물의 대부분을 차지하였다. 미끈날망둑은 성장에 따라 다소 먹이 선택에 있어 변화를 보이는데, $15\~30$mm 크기군에서는 copepods가 비교적 많이 섭이 되었지만, 성장함에 따라 amphipods의 섭이가 증가되었다. 한편 polychaetes의 선호도는 모든 크기군에 걸쳐 가장 높았다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2003

Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately $1^{\circ}C$ colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 1998

A Brevibacterium ammoniagenes gene coding for glucose/mannose-specific enzyme II ($EII^{Glc}$) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) was cloned by complementing an Escherichia coli mutation affecting a ptsG gene, and the complete DNA nucleotide sequence was determined. The cloned gene was identified to be a ptsG, which enables the E. coli transportment to use glucose more efficiently than mannose as the sole carbon source in an M9 minimal medium. The ptsG gene of B. ammoniagenes consists of an open reading frame of 1,983 nucleotides putatively encoding a polypeptide of 661 amino acid residues and a TAA stop codon. The deduced amino acid sequence of the B. ammoniagenes $EII^{Glc}$ shows, at $46\%$, the highest degree of sequence similarity with the Corynebacterium glutamicum EII specific for both glucose and mannose. In addition, the $EII^{Glc}$ shares approximately $30\%$ sequence similarities with sucrose-specific and ${\beta}$-glucoside-specific EIIs of the several bacteria belonging to the glucose-PTS class. The 161-amino-acid C-terminal sequence of $EII^{Glc}$ is also similar to that of E. coli enzyme $IIA^{Glc}$, specific for glucose ($EIIA^{Glc}$). The B. ammoniagenes $EII^{Glc}$ consists of three domains; a hydrophobic region (EIIC) and two hydrophilic regions (EIIA, EIIB). The arrangement of structural domains, IIBCA, of the $EII^{Glc}$ is identical to those of EIIs specific for sucrose or ${\beta}$-glucoside. While the domain IIA was removed from the B. ammoniagenes $EII^{Glc}$ the remaining domains IIBC were found to restore the glucose and mannose-utilizing capacity of E. coli mutant lacking $EII^{Glc}$ activity with $EIIA^{Glc}$ of the E. coli mutant. $EII^{Glc}$ contains a histidine residue and a cysteine residue which are putative phosphorylation sites for the protein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2005

To develop a functional cDNA chip, specific genes expressed in the tissues of swine Kagoshima Berkshire were screened. A total of 4,434 ESTs were obtained by constructing a cDNA library from total RNA isolated from the muscle and fat tissues, affirming their functions by investigating similarity of nucleotide sequences with the database at the NCBI. Among them, 1,230 ESTs were confirmed as novel genes, which, to date, have not been identified. Attaching the genes to a cDNA microarray slide revealed expression patterns of genes in muscle and fat according to the growth stages of swine. As specific genes expressed in the muscle tissues of swine with body weight of 30 kg, 60 genes including actin, myosin, tropomysin, transfer RNA-trp synthetase, Kel-like protein 23, KIAA0182 and COI, Foocen-m, etc were obtained. In addition, 18 novel genes were obtained. As specific genes expressed in fat tissues of swine with body weight of 30 kg, 47 genes including annexin II, Collagen, Fibronectin, Pleckstrin homology domain, serine protease, etc were obtained. 21 novel genes were also obtained. The genes specifically expressed in the muscle and fat tissues of swine affect contraction and relaxation of the muscle and the fat. However, studies on the expression mechanisms of the genes are insufficient. To reveal species of structural genes in swine muscle and fat tissue, interrelation studies in expression and function of genes by using the cDNA chip should be conducted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate the effect of host genetics on gut microbial diversity, we performed a structural survey of the fecal microbiota of four purebred boar pig lines: Duroc, Landrace, Hampshire, and Yorkshire. Methods: The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced. Results: A total of 783 operational taxonomic units were shared by all breeds, whereas others were breed-specific. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominated the majority of the fecal microbiota; Clostridia, Bacilli, and Bacteroidia were the major classes. Nine predominant genera were observed in all breeds and eight of them can produce short-chain fatty acids. Some bacteria can secrete cellulase to aid fiber digestion by the host. Butyric, isobutyric, valeric, and isovaleric acid levels were highest in Landrace pigs, whereas acetic and propionic acid were highest in the Hampshire breed. Heatmap was used to revealed breed-specific bacteria. Principal coordinate analysis of fecal bacteria revealed that the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds had high similarity and were clearly separated from the Duroc and Hampshire breeds. Conclusion: Overall, this study is the first time to compare the fecal microbiomes of four breeds of boar pig by high-throughput sequencing and to use Spearman's rank correlation to analyze competition and cooperation among the core bacteria.