• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.5
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• pp.599-610
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• 2021

Early detection of small concrete crack or reinforcement corrosion is necessary for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Global vibration based methods are advantageous over local methods because of simple equipment installation and cost efficiency. Among vibration based techniques, FRF based methods are preferred over modal based methods. In this study, a new coupled method using frequency response function (FRF) and proper orthogonal modes (POM) is proposed by using the dynamic characteristic of a damaged beam. For the numerical simulation, wave finite element (WFE), coupled with traditional finite element (FE) method is used for effectively incorporating the damage related information and faster computation. As reported in literature, hybrid combination of wave function based wave finite element method and shape function based finite element method can addresses the mid frequency modelling difficulty as it utilises the advantages of both the methods. It also reduces the dynamic matrix dimension. The algorithms are implemented on a three-dimensional reinforced concrete beam. Damage is modelled and studied for two scenarios, i.e., crack in concrete and rebar corrosion. Single and multiple damage locations with different damage length are also considered. The proposed methodology is found to be very sensitive to both single- and multiple- damage while being computationally efficient at the same time. It is observed that the detection of damage due to corrosion is more challenging than that of concrete crack. The similarity index obtained from the damage parameters shows that it can be a very effective indicator for appropriately indicating initiation of damage in concrete structure in the form of spread corrosion or invisible crack.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to deduct the structural damage / work process risks factors which can be occurred during the decommissioning in the NPP containment concrete structure. To achieve these purpose, risk profile specified in the construction industry is analyzed, and the work process of NPP decommissioning and the construction project were matched based on the similarity of each works. Accordingly, human and physical risk factors are classified. Finally, the risk associated with the building structure and work process was classified as per their process activities, and risk typology explaining the disaster which put the structure, equipments, machine and workers in serious danger was developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.388-391
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• 2005

The Protein Structural and Functional Conservation need a common language for data definition. With the help of common language provided by Protein Ontology the high level of sequence and functional conservation can be extended to all organisms with the likelihood that proteins that carry out core biological processes will again be probable orthologues. The structural and functional conservation in these proteins presents both opportunities and challenges. The main opportunity lies in the possibility of automated transfer of protein data annotations from experimentally traceable model organisms to a less traceable organism based on protein sequence similarity. Such information can be used to improve human health or agriculture. The challenge lies in using a common language to transfer protein data annotations among different species of organisms. First step in achieving this huge challenge is producing a structured, precisely defined common vocabulary using Protein Ontology. The Protein Ontology described in this paper covers the sequence, structure and biological roles of Protein Complexes in any organism.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ (PPAR${\gamma}$) is the molecular target for a class of drugs, the antidiabetic thiazolidnediones (TZDs). The heterodimer of PPAR${\gamma}$ with retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of adipogenesis and insulin sensitization. We synthesized two chemicals, DANA87 and DANA88, sharing structural characteristics with TZDs. Given this structural similarity, it was hypothesized that DANA87 and DANA88 may act as PPAR$\gamma$ ligands. In transient transfection assays, DANA87 and DANA88 caused slight increases in the endogenous expression of a luciferase reporter gene containing the PPAR responsive element in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, DANA87 and DANA88 significantly inhibited troglitazone-induced reporter gene activation when cells were treated with a combination of DANA87 or DANA 88 and troglitazone, one of the TZDs that activate PPAR$\gamma$. These results suggest that DANA87 and DANA88 are not only weak agonists of PPAR${\gamma}$ transactivation, but also competitively antagonize troglitazone-induced PPAR$\gamma$ reporter activity.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.133-158
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• 1997

This paper analyzes the characteristics of technological knowledge flow-structure of Korean manufacturing in dynamic perspective. In doing that, the concept of the knowledge network is introduced which is defined as a set of industries and their interaction(knowledge flow) or linkage. The analysis of the inter-industrial knowledge flows is based on the technological similarity by using R&D researchers'academic background in the year of 1984, 1987, 1990. The analysis is carried out by such methodology as network analysis, indicator analysis and simple statistical analysis. And the final results are drawn both in absolute terms(dimension effect) and in relative terms (proportion effect) respectively. The main findings are as follow. First, the Korean manufacturing knowledge network appears to strengthen existing inter-industrial knowledge linkages rather than to construct new linkages. Second, the network seems to form a dualistic structure in that some high-technology sectors (knowledge production sectors) emerge along with traditional sectors (knowledge absorbing sectors). Third, since the mid-1980s, an inter-industrial fusion is witnessed among technologically intensive sectors, indicating that some sophisticated innovation modes are emerging in Korean manufacturing system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-137
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• 2018

Structural monitoring is the most important part of the construction and operation of the embankment dams. Appropriate instruments selection for dams is vital, as inappropriate selection causes irreparable loss in critical condition. Due to the lack of a systematic approach to determine adequate instruments, a framework based on three comparable Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods, which are VIKOR, technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE), has been developed. MADM techniques have been widely used for optimizing priorities and determination of the most suitable alternatives. However, the results of the different methods of MADM have indicated inconsistency in ranking alternatives due to closeness of judgements from decision makers. In this study, 9 criteria and 42 geotechnical instruments have been applied. A new method has been developed to determine the decision makers' importance weights and an aggregation method has been introduced to optimally select the most suitable instruments. Consequently, the outcomes of the aggregation ranking correlate about 94% with TOPSIS and VIKOR, and 83% with PROMETHEE methods' results providing remarkably appropriate prioritisation of instruments for embankment dams.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship among advertising attribute, advertising attitude, product attitude and purchase intention in YouTube advertising. The survey subjects to achieve the purpose of this study were selected the group of 300 students who have been watching YouTube VOD once more and are attending in three universities that are located in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungnam. Data processing was done with SPSS 23 for frequency analysis, Cronbach's α analysis. Also, AMOS 18 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. information, irrtation and individuality affect viewers' advertisement attitude, their product attitude and purchasing intent, among advertisement attributes of e-sports items perceived by viewers of YouTube's e-sports videos with the insertion of advertisements that cannot be skipped in the middle of the video.Therefore, the similarity between the video and the advertised product or brand should be taken into account when producing advertisements inserted in the YouTube video, and a more positive advertising effect can be achieved when advertisement can be carried out reflecting the characteristics of the target viewers.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

In order to explore structural features of minoxidil analogs with a view of enhancing lysyl hydroxylase (LH) inhibitory activity, molecular holographic QSAR (HQSAR) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) were performed. The results from the atomic contributions with optimized the HQSAR 6-2 model indicated that, in case of pyrimidine-1-N-oxide substituent, C2 atom of pyrimidine ring and C'3-C'4 bond of 4-piperidinol group showed the highest impact on the inhibitory activity towards LH enzyme. It was also evident from the information of the optimized CoMSIA F5 model that the inhibitory activity mainly depended on the hydrophobic field contribution (36%) and the hydrogen bond (H-bond) field contribution (49.2%) of substrate molecule. Particularly, it is predicted that the functional groups which disfavor H-bond acceptors in large space around the piperidinol group and also the functional groups which favor the H-bond acceptors at C'4 (& C'5) atom in $R_5$ group play a role for increased inhibitory activity. With this in mind, it is likely that a novel candidate having more improved inhibitory activity on hair growth could be designed in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1376-1383
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• 2002

Seismic qualification of the Air Cleaning Units for nuclear power plant Ulchin 5&6 has been performed with the guideline of ASME Section III and IEEE 344 code. By using the structural and geometrical similarity analysis, the three models to be analyzed are condensed into a single model and, at the same time, the excitation forces and other operating loads for each model are encompassed with respect to different loading conditions. As the fundamental frequencies of the structure are found to be less than 33Hz, which is the upper frequency limit of the seismic load, response spectrum analysis using ANSYS is performed in order to combine the modal stresses within the frequency limit. In order to confirm the structural and electric stability of the major components, modal analysis theory is adopted to derive the required response spectrum at the component locations. As the all combined stresses obtained from the above procedures are less than allowable stresses and no mechanical or electrical failures are found from the seismic testing, the authors confirm the safety of the nuclear equipments Air Cleaning Units studied in this paper.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1995

Arachidonic acid (AA, C20 : 4, $\omega$-6) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA,C20 : 5, $\omega$-3), which are polyunsaturated fatty acids forming eicosanoids, were tested for their effects on blood pressure in Wistar rats and SHR. AA is the most important precursor for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids which include the prostaglandins, prostacyclin (PGI$_2$), thromboxane $A_2$ (TXA$_2$) and the leukotriens. TXA$_2$is a potent vasoconstrictor and a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation causing myocardial infarction and hypertention. In contrast, PGI$_2$ induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. In this study, AA markedly increased blood pressure, but its effect was antagonized by both EPA, a structural analog of AA, and dazmegrel, a TX synthetase inhibitor. Also, AA enhanced the antihypertensive effects of hydralazine and captopril, and EPA reduced TXA$_2$ production. These results indicate that the hypotensive effects of EPA might be closely related to the decrease in TXA$_2$ biosynthesis due to competitive inhibition by structural similarity of the EPA to the AA, the precursor of TXA$_2$.