• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.615-626
• /
• 2010

The discrete-layer model is proposed to analyze the edge-effect problem of laminates under extension and flexure. Based on three-dimensional elasticity theory, the displacement fields of each layer in a laminate have been treated discretely in terms of three displacement components across the thickness. The displacement fields at bottom and top surfaces within a layer are approximated by two-dimensional shape functions. Then two surfaces are connected by one-dimensional high order shape functions. Thus the p-convergent refinement on approximated one- and two-dimensional shape functions can be implemented independently of each other. The quality of present model is mostly determined by polynomial degrees of shape functions for given displacement fields. For nodal modes with physical meaning, the linear Lagrangian polynomials are considered. Additional modes without physical meaning, which are created by increasing nodeless degrees of shape functions, are derived from integrals of Legendre polynomials which have an orthogonality property. Also, it is assumed that mapping functions are linear in the light of shape of laminated plates. The results obtained by this proposed model are compared with those available in literatures. Especially, three-dimensional out-of-plane stresses in the interior and near the free edges are evaluated and convergence performance of the present model is established with the stress results.

• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.371-394
• /
• 2012

Accurate finite element (FE) models are needed in many applications of Civil Engineering such as health monitoring, damage detection, structural control, structural evaluation and assessment. Model accuracy depends on both the model structure (the form of the equations) and the model parameters (the coefficients of the equations), and can be generally improved through that process of experimental reconciliation known as model updating. However, modelling errors, including (i) errors in the model structure and (ii) errors in parameters excluded from adjustment, may bias the solution, leading to an updated model which replicates measurements but lacks physical meaning. In this paper, an application of ambient-vibration-based model updating to a large-scale benchmark prototype of a building structure is reported in which both types of error are met. The error in the model structure, originating from unmodelled secondary structural elements unexpectedly working as resonant appendages, is faced through a reduction of the experimental modal model. The error in the model parameters, due to the inevitable constraints imposed on parameters to avoid ill-conditioning and under-determinacy, is faced through a multi-model parameterization approach consisting in the generation and solution of a multitude of models, each characterized by a different set of updating parameters. Results show that modelling errors may significantly impair updating even in the case of seemingly simple systems and that multi-model reasoning, supported by physical insight, may effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of calibration.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2022

최근에 소비자들은 사회 및 환경문제에 대한 관심을 소비에 반영할 뿐 아니라, 자신들의 소비에 의미를 부여하며 도덕적 가치를 표현하는 미닝아웃에 점차 더 참여하고 있다. 하지만 미닝아웃의 확산 속도와 달리 관련 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 미닝아웃을 체험적 관점에서 접근하고 있으며, 미닝아웃의 체험적 특성이 자아존중감과 주관적 안녕감 향상과 같은 심리적 효과에 어떤 영향을 주는지 연구하고자 하였다. 먼저 미닝아웃의 체험(감정체험, 인지체험, 행동체험, 관계체험)이 자아존중감 향상을 통해 주관적 안녕감 향상에 주는 영향을 가정하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 이용해 총 197부의 데이터를 가설을 검증한 결과, 감정체험을 제외한 세 가지 체험이 자아존중감 향상에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 자아존중감 향상은 주관적 안녕감 향상에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 미닝아웃 체험의 긍정적 심리효과를 확인함으로써 기존 연구를 확장하고, 실무적 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.100-113
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 노년기 활동 참여가 삶 만족과 자아통합감에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 활동 참여와 삶 만족, 활동참여와 자아통합감의 관계에서 삶의 의미의 매개효과를 확인하는 것이다. 은퇴한 55세 이상의 성인 700명(남자 350명, 여자 350명)이 설문조사에 응답하였다. AMOS를 활용하여 구조방정식 모형을 분석한 결과, 제안된 모형이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과 활동 참여의 수준이 높을수록 삶 만족이 높으며, 자아통합감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 활동 참여와 삶 만족, 활동 참여와 자아통합감의 관계에서 삶의 의미가 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 노년기 삶 만족과 자아통합감에 있어서 활동 참여와 삶의 의미가 가지는 역할과 본 연구의 한계점에 대해 논의하였고 후속 연구에 대해 제안하였다.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 1999

This paper focused on meaning, problems and prospect of structural reform of coastal and offshore fisheries in Korea. Structural reform can be defined as effective combination of production factors in order to enhance fisheries productivity and it can be realized mainly through fleet reduction, modernization of fishing vessels and fishing gear etc. However, the structural reform alone will not be sufficient to advance Koreanl fisheries facing with severe challenges from both inside and outside. Domestically, worsening status of fisheries resources, decreasing number of fishermen, worsening financial status of fisheries businesses and severe competition cause structural problem in fisheries sector and internationally the pressure from WTO and OECD to reduce tariff and subsides in fisheries poses severe challenges. The structural reform should be carried out in relation with the general adjustment programs across coastal and offshore fisheries such as M&A among fisheries businesses, adjustment of number of fishing permits and fishing areas. And the policy to enhance the fishing productivity is needed for recovery of fisheries resources and for the reduction of fishing efforts, that is, the approach which combines economic and resources concerns is needed. For the effective implementation of the reform, effect analysis of the reform program is needed and at the same time, eradication of illegal fishing, reduction of fishing fleet and reduction of fishing cost should be realized. However, the most important thing is the will and efforts of the government for successful reform. If the government does not exert sufficient efforts for the structural reform, Korea could be degraded into a backward country in fisheries.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 1993

Meaning of expressive words on the beauty of clothing is to comprehend inclusively with subjectivity and sensitivity. Suppose that meaning of the words was analysed, the study would be found type structural through a type of meaning component and inner reciprocity of elements. Category in the Beauty of Clothing was to consider various languages on beauty of clothing as the concept of the type. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept structure of Categories in the Beauty of Clothing. In this paper 'Chic' and 'Dandism' were analyzed. As the result of the study, it is constructed at three different dimensions. They were the Beauty of phenomenone such as surface level, the Beauty of essence such as element level, and the Beauty of process that existed between the surface level and the element level. In addition, the idea words of each dimension were as follows; The Beauty of phenomenone was expressed 'refinement', 'wisdom' and 'originality'. The Beauty of essence was included 'subtlely', 'grace', and 'sence/reason'. The Beauty of process was included the method of 'harmony' and 'proficiency'.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.237-256
• /
• 2014

This paper reports findings from a written assessment which was designed to investigate Chinese primary school students' understanding of the equal sign and equation structure. The investigation included a sample of 110 Grade 3, 112 Grade 4, and 110 Grade 5 students from four schools in China. Significant differences were identified among the three grades and no gender differences were found. The majority of Grades 3 and 4 students were found to view the equal sign as a place indicator meaning "write the answer here" or "do something like computation", that is, holding an operational view of the equal sign. A part of Grade 5 students were found to be able to interpret the equal sign as meaning "the same as", that is, holding a relational view of the equal sign. In addition, even though it was difficult for Grade 3 students to recognize the underlying structure in arithmetic equation, quite a number of Grades 4 and 5 students were able to recognize the underlying structure on some tasks. Findings in this study suggest that Chinese primary school students demonstrate a relational understanding of the equal sign and a strong structural sense of equations in an earlier grade. Moreover, what found in the study support the argument that students' understanding of the equal sign is influenced by the context in which the equal sign is presented.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2015

Today, The representation of the modern space is experimented with shape and surface of the de-structural point of view to make architecture and space, in terms of not being able to make defined by single regulation. However, it can correspond to the rapidly changing modern, but it is easy to fade of architecture fundamental meaning. Along with the need for the rise of the construction of fundamental space, should be built a 'tectonic' spatial, which is said to be building of logos. Tectonic, as norms for expressing the fundamental meaning of architecture, as to expression of construction, be unfolded with dualism such as science and art, technology and express, structure and formation, and it was introduced into the architecture through the construction expression of space that was a tectonic discussion of 19c german architects. On the other hand Constructivism which is avant-garde formative movement with Russia revolution, constructed 'sculpture' with the formative principles as tectonic. Tectonic's Formative characteristics can draw a conclusion with of tectonic characteristics of constructivism sculpture, space of logos will be realized through its study. Other hand, The pavilion, as symbol space, can be analyzed by tectonic properties, Pavilion, meaning the space is expressed in a variety of tectonic expression. As tectonic construction, fundamental ideology and symbolization of space is revealed metaphorically and visually.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2023

This study aims to derive discourse's linguistic meaning, production method, and social practice implications by analyzing news reports on de-facility for people with disabilities. To this end, the discourse was analyzed by applying Fairclough's framework of critical discourse analysis. The subject of analysis is a news article on the de-facility of the disabled on the N portal site, and the analysis period is one year, from January 1 to December 31, 2022. First, as a result of the study, the surface meaning of the news discourse on the de-facility for disabled people was ideological through the seriousness of the problem for disabled people, the poor environment, and the policy of de-facility for disabled people separated from reality. Second, the social meaning of the de-facility news discourse for disabled people appeared from a realistic perspective, such as the structural cause of the problem for disabled people and the need for sensible government policies and measures to practice de-facility for disabled people. Finally, the socio-cultural practical implications of the de-facility news discourse for people with disabilities proposed the development of a systematic and realistic de-facility management manual for the disabled, practical government policy support, and changes in self-support perception for disabled people. The results of this study are expected to help find an alternative direction to reduce the gap between actual policies for de-facility for disabled people and practice in the field in the future.