• Title/Summary/Keyword: Structural Fires

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A Study of Fire Prevention Measures for Single-person Households (1인 가구의 화재예방 대책 연구)

  • Kim, Jong Kouk;Han, Dong-Ho
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.424-431
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    • 2021
  • This study explores fire prevention measures for single-person households on the phenomenon of an increase in single-person households due to changes in the family structure due to low birthrate and aging population, full marriage, non-marriage, separation, bereavement, and returning to farming villages, and increased flexibility in the labor market. The factor that affects the fire of single-person households is the residential environment problem at the structural level. In terms of behavior, there is an increase in fire occurrence due to the rearing of companion animals. In order to prevent fires in single-person households, safety regulations without exceptions are needed to improve the residential environment at the structural level. At the behavioral level, it is necessary to expand the prevention and safety guidance of related organizations. In addition, as a measure to prevent fire caused by companion animals, manufacturers of electric ranges should develop safety devices to prevent fires caused by companion animals, such as an automatic power-off device or power supply using a timer. It can also be an important means to create and distribute promotional videos of measures necessary to safely raise companion animals, or to develop and distribute disaster preparedness programs implemented in virtual reality.

An Experimental Study on the Fire Monitoring System for Tunnel Using SMA and Fiber Optic Cable (형상기억합금과 광케이블을 이용한 터널의 화재감지 시스템 개발에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Hwang, Ji-Hyun;Park, Ki-Tae;Lee, Kyu-Wan
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.128-134
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    • 2014
  • Recently, design and construction of street tunnels tend to focus on cost reduction and preservation of nature. Accordingly, research is actively being carried out to quickly detect fires when they occur in tunnels, which have partially closed structures. Among such research, fire detection methods using optical fiber sensors have a wide bandwidth and fast transmission speed, while using light as a medium. Therefore, it does not receive electrical interference and there is almost no loss of information during transmission, while also having little noise as well. In relation to this, a fire monitoring system that can accurately detect the location of fires in real time using shape memory alloy and optical cables was developed in this study. In order to verify the developed method, light loss measurement test was conducted according to indoor temperature changes, while also conducting fire simulation tests by installing test beds in common underground zones with different external environments of temperature and distance. Upon carrying out experiments, the fire monitoring system developed in this study was found to be able to detect fires in long distance sections in real time.

Factors Affecting Disaster Victims' Quality of Life: The Uljin and Samcheok Forest Fires (산불피해자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인: 울진⋅삼척 산불을 중심으로)

  • Hee-Ji Kang;Dong-Hoon Kim;Jae-Ok Ha;Chang-Hyou Kim;Sang-Yoel Han
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.112 no.1
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 2023
  • As forest fires' scale has increased, they have become disasters that destroy not only forests but also property, human psychological balance, and even human lives. As a result, governmental support has become a crucial part of the forest fire restoration process. Quickly restoring victims' quality of life (QOL) from not only an ecological perspective but also from their human perspective has become an important goal. Therefore, through structural equation modeling, this study analyzed effects of government support, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and resilience on 195 Uljin and Samcheok forest fire victims' QOL. In the final research model, the total standardized effect on QOL of government support to PTSD and resilience was found to have significant effect (0.417). By path, the effect of government support on QOL through resilience was verified as 0.172. Examination of the path between latent variables revealed that resilience had the greatest influence on QOL, and government support had a significant effect, thus confirming that they were the main factors affecting QOL.

Effect of creep on behaviour of steel structural assemblies in fires

  • Cesarek, Peter;Kramar, Miha;Kolsek, Jerneja
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.423-435
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    • 2018
  • There are presently two general ways of accounting for hazardous metal creep in structural fire analyses: either we incorporate creep strains implicitly in hardening model ('implicit-creep' plasticity) or we account for creep explicitly ('explicit-creep' plasticity). The first approach is simpler and usually used for fast engineering applications, e.g., following proposals of EN 1993-1-2. Prioritizing this approach without consideration of its limitations, however, may lead to significant error. So far the possible levels of such error have been demonstrated by few researchers for individual structural elements (i.e., beams and columns). This paper, however, presents analyses also for selected beam-girder assemblies. Special numerical models are developed correspondingly and they are validated and verified. Their important novelty is that they do not only account for creep in individual members but also for creep in between-member connections. The paper finally shows that outside the declared applicability limits of the implicit-creep plasticity models, the failure times predicted by the applied alternative explicit-creep models can be as much as 40% shorter. Within the limits, however, the discrepancies might be negligible for majority of cases with the exception of about 20% discrepancies found in one analysed example.

Study on the Effective Method of Fire Protection Technology in Railway Tunnel Fire (철도터널 내화성능 기술개발을 위한 내화성능 확보방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Kyung-Hoon;Kim, Heung-Yeol;Kim, Hyung-Jun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.86-91
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    • 2010
  • In event of a tunnel fire, all kinds of equipment can be destroyed in high temperature that can exceed $1300^{\circ}C$, fatal structural demage can be caused by spalling of concrete structural elements. To make matters worse, there is a high possibility of the secondary damage which can lead to the collapse of the shear resisting structure. Accordingly, it is time that we developed the technology to counter fires in connection with the fire-resistant design of a tunnel structure. To secure the reliability of the fire-resistance performance of a tunnel structure, it is necessary to assess the fire's behavior on every structural element exposed to the fire as well as to calculate the tunnel fire intensity and the quantity of heat released. In this study, we drew out the fire damage range of each structural element of a tunnel and the minimum thickness of concrete cover for each fire-resistant material through some actual experiments of fire behavior on the structural elements of a tunnel.

An Study on Design Guidelines for Structural Fire Resistance of Road Tunnels (도로터널 구조물 내화설계기준 확립방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Heung-Youl;Shin, Hyun-Jun;Yoo, Yong-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 2008
  • A growing number of larger and bigger tunnels are being constructed, along with the continuing enhancement of road design speed, thereby increasing the frequency of vehicles using tunnels. For such reasons, a fire in tunnels may lead to such situations. Gases and heat caused by fires are to be blamed for such disasters, as well as the development of vehicles leads to the construction of large tunnels. Therefore this study is to provide for the safety of public and rescue personnel in the event of a fire within the tunnel system. For these purpose, the tunnel system must be protected from collapse during a specified time period. This study introduced the role of ITA, it is to developed guidelines for techniques and materials to answer these structural requirements and make tunnels and their ancillary structures more resistant to fire damage.

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Experimental investigation of the behaviour of a steel sub-frame under a natural fire

  • Santiago, Aldina;Simoes da Silva, Luis;Vaz, Gilberto;Vila Real, Paulo;Lopes, Antonio Gameiro
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.243-264
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    • 2008
  • This paper details a testing facility ("NATURAL FIRE FACILITY") that allows closely-controlled experimental testing on full-scale sub-frames while reproducing the spatially transient temperature conditions measured in real fires. Using this test facility, an experimental investigation of six steel sub-frames under a natural fire was carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Coimbra. The main objective of these tests was to provide insight into the influence of these connection types on the behaviour of steel sub-structures under fire. The experimental layout is defined by two thermally insulated HEA300 columns and an unprotected IPE300 beam with 5.7 m span, supporting a composite concrete slab. Beam-to-column connections are representative of the most common joint type used on buildings: welded joints and extended, flush and partial depth plate. Finally, the available results are presented and discussed: evolution of the steel temperature; development of displacements and local deformations and failure modes on the joints zone.

Developments of Fire-Resistant Wooden Structural Components and Those Applications to Mid- to High-Rise Buildings in Japan

  • Hanai, Atsunari;Nakai, Masayoshi;Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki;Ohashi, Hirokazu
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.221-233
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    • 2020
  • Based on past experiences of natural disasters and fires in Japan, it is stipulated by law that fire-resistant buildings larger than a certain size should be unique in the world. Recent interest in global environmental issues has led to the active introduction of wooden buildings also in Japan, and it is expected that wooden buildings will become larger and higher in size. This paper introduces the background of the development of fire-resistant laminated timber with a "Self-Charring-Stop layer", the contents of this development including other related developments, and the application of these technologies. In addition, towards the realization of much larger and higher buildings in the future, the current problems and issues to be solved are set and the necessity of the future technological development is described. Finally, a conceptual model of wooden high-rise building is proposed, which will be able to be constructed in 2025 by the further technological development.

An experimental and numerical analysis of concrete walls exposed to fire

  • Baghdadi, Mohamed;Dimia, Mohamed S.;Guenfoud, Mohamed;Bouchair, Abdelhamid
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.77 no.6
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    • pp.819-830
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    • 2021
  • To evaluate the performance of concrete load bearing walls in a structure under horizontal loads after being exposed to real fire, two steps were followed. In the first step, an experimental study was performed on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete after heating to temperatures of 200-1000℃ with the purpose of determining the residual mechanical properties after cooling. The temperature was increased in line with natural fire curve in an electric furnace. The peak temperature was maintained for a period of 1.5 hour and then allowed to cool gradually in air at room temperature. All specimens were made from calcareous aggregate to be used for determining the residual properties: compressive strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus by means of UPV test, including the mass loss. The concrete residual compressive strength and elastic modulus values were compared with those calculated from Eurocode and other analytical models from other studies, and were found to be satisfactory. In the second step, experimental analysis results were then implemented into structural numerical analysis to predict the post-fire load-bearing capacity response of the walls under vertical and horizontal loads. The parameters considered in this analysis were the effective height, the thickness of the wall, various support conditions and the residual strength of concrete. The results indicate that fire damage does not significantly affect the lateral capacity and stiffness of reinforced walls for temperature fires up to 400℃.

Efficient Panel Shapes for Seismic Resistance of Stainless Steel Water Tank (스테인리스 물탱크 내진설계를 위한 효율적 패널 형상)

  • Kim, Sungwuk;Kim, Taeeun;Oh, Sungryoung;Ji-Hun Park
    • Journal of Urban Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2023
  • The seismic design of water tanks for fire protection is important to prevent secondary earthquake damages due to fires. In this study, the seismic performance of stainless steel water tanks was evaluated considering both static and dynamic water pressure effects, and the influence of different panel shapes was investigated through numerical analysis. First, a basic water tank model comprised of flat panels was built, and then water pressure distribution including sloshing effects was evaluated. In the result of structural analysis, many panels of the basic water tank exceeded a specified allowable stress for load combinations including earthquake loads. In order to reduce the bending stress of the panel by increasing the moment of inertial of the panel section, alternative shapes of a truncated quadrangular pyramid were developed. Five water tanks with different alternative panel shapes were built and analyzed for the same load combinations. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, a number of effective aspect ratios were selected and modified to increase economic feasibility through additional analysis and structural safety check.