• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2015

The current study investigated CVCC syllables in spontaneous American English speech to find out whether such syllables are produced as phonological units with a string of segments, showing a hierarchical structure. Transcribed data from the Buckeye Speech Corpus was used for the analysis in this study. The result of the current study showed that the constituents within a CVCC syllable as a phonological unit may have phonetic variations (namely, the final coda may undergo deletion). First, voiceless alveolar stops were the most frequently deleted when they occurred as the second final coda consonants of a CVCC syllable; this deletion may be an intermediate process on the way from the abstract form CVCC (with the rime VCC) to the actual pronunciation CVC (with the rime VC), a production strategy employed by some individual speakers. Second, in the internal structure of the rime, the proportion of deletion of the final coda consonant depended on the frequency of the word rather than on the position of postvocalic consonants on the sonority hierarchy. Finally, the segment following the consonant cluster proved to have an effect on the reduction of that cluster; more precisely, the following contrast was observed between obstruents and non-obstruents, reflecting the effect of sonority: when the segment following the consonant cluster was an obstruent, the proportion of deletion of the final coda consonant was increased. Among these results, the effect of word frequency played a critical role for promoting the deletion of the second coda consonant for clusters in CVCC syllables in spontaneous speech. The current study implies that the structure of syllables as phonological units can vary depending on individual speakers' lexical representation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.23 no.4_2
• /
• pp.617-626
• /
• 2020

The drilling mud is essentially used in oil and gas development. There are several roles of using the drilling mud, such as cleaning the bottomhole, cooling and lubricating the drill bit and string, transporting the cuttings to the surface, keeping and adjusting the wellbore pressure, and preventing the collapse of the wellbore. The fragments from rocks and micro-sized bubbles generated by the high pressure are mixed in the drilling mud. The systems to separate those mixtures and to keep the uniformly maintained quality of drilling mud are required. In this study, the simulation is conducted to verify the performance of the mud tank's agitation capacity. The primary role of the mud tank is the mixing of mud at the surface with controlling the mud condition. The container type is chosen as a mud tank pursuing efficient transport and better management of equipment. The single- and two-phase simulations about the agitation in the mud tank are performed to analyze and identify the inner flow behavior. The convergence of results is obtained for the vertical- and axis-direction velocity vector fields based on the grid-dependency tests. The mixing time analysis depending on the multiphase flow conditions indicates that the utilization of a two-stepped impeller with a smaller size provides less time for mixing. This study's results are expected to be utilized as the preliminary data to develop the mixing and integrating equipment of the onshore drilling mud system.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 2017

This study used a virtual wearing system equipped with body shape data with a 3D scanner, based on a female basic bodice, to develop a modified Hanbok Jeogori with high fitness capabilities to provide basic data for the development of the modified Hanbok Jeogori pattern for the academic and industrial fields. In this study, the representative modified Hanbok design which most frequently appeared in broadcasting ads and on line was selected. The wearing test was conducted by six professionals, and three times wearing tests were implemented based on 17 evaluation items. The data for this study was processed statistically using SAS 9.0. We conducted, the F-test for significance verification, the Duncan-test for a post test, and a correlation analysis of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for a reliability test of dressing test results were implemented for each of the three tests. The pattern of the developed modified Hanbok Jeogori overcame the defects of the short length of the conventional modified hanbok, and could fix the length issue. The developed Hanbok pattern solved the overlapping problem of the shoulder, back neck point-sleeve length(Whajang), and armhole, displayed in a straight line from the Godae point of the previous modified Hanbok; it suggested the position of the Seop and neck line in the basic bodice. Based on this, the Seop width, Git form, Goreum and the width, length, and position of the string whose dimensions can differ in accordance with the trend can be applied in various forms.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the role of lines in creative design development by analyzing the expression types and aesthetic characteristics of modern fashion using geometric formativeness of symmography. A literature study was conducted of works since 2009 to examine the general consideration of lines together with analysis of the concept and characteristics of symmography in the formative arts field, and to analyze the expression types and aesthetic characteristics of modern fashion design using the formativeness of symmography. The infinite sense of formativeness and original expression of symmography are used in formative arts such as space design, installation art, and industrial design. Expression types of modern fashion design using geometric formativeness of symmography can be classified into the following three types: two-dimensional graphic pattern, relief surface, and three-dimensional spatial. First, the two-dimensional graphic pattern type forms an optical pattern, providing individuality and visual interest to the textile design. Second, the relief surface type expresses the plane in various ways, so that the thickness changes according to how lines overlap. Third, the three-dimensional spatial type expands the boundaries of clothing and creates a fantastic spatial beauty. Next, the aesthetic formativeness of fashion design using symmography can be classified into repetitive rhythmicity, geometric self-similarity, and optical spatiality. Symmography enables a myriad of geometric patterns to be developed depending on material, color, and the designer's imagination, and helps inspire a variety of designs in fashion that sculpt a three-dimensional human body.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2020

In order to represent and process spatial data, hierarchical data structures such as a quadtree or a bintree are used. Various approaches for linearly representing the bintree have been proposed. S-Tree has the advantage of compressing the storage space by expressing binary region image data as a linear binary bit stream, but the higher the resolution of the image, the longer the length of the binary bit stream, the longer the storage space and the lower the search performance. In this paper, we construct a hierarchical structure of multiple separated bintrees with a full binary tree structure and express each bintree as two linear binary bit streams to reduce the range required for image search. It improves the overall search performance by performing a simple number conversion instead of searching directly the binary bit string path. Through the performance evaluation by the worst-case space-time complexity analysis, it was analyzed that the proposed method has better search performance and space efficiency than the previous one.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2023

Unlike the vertical drilling in the directional drilling should be minimized torque and drag in the well trajectory that avoided problems such as drillstring transformation, casing wear and key-seating. These torque and drag magnitude is determined by variations such as the well trajectory geometry, drilling mud, drillstring type and kick-off point. Therefore, it is essential to consider these variations for designing directional well trajectory. In this study, it was selected well trajectory by the most common build-hold type well and calculated torque and drag on each section by Analytical friction model. Analysis indicates that torque and drag could be minimized by using high lubricity drilling mud, kick-off point appropriate according to the well geometry and possible minimize dogleg severity. The results of this study is useful to minimize torque and drag from directional well trajectory design.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.23.1-23.9
• /
• 2023

The mammalian sirtuin family, consisting of SIRT1-SIRT7, plays a vital role in various biological processes, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, cellular metabolism, and cellular homeostasis maintenance. Due to their involvement in these biological processes, modulating sirtuin activity seems promising to impact immuneand aging-related diseases, as well as cancer pathways. However, more understanding is required regarding the safety and efficacy of sirtuin-targeted therapies due to the complex regulatory mechanisms that govern their activity, particularly in the context of multiple targets. In this study, the interaction landscape of the sirtuin family was analyzed using a systems biology approach. A sirtuin protein-protein interaction network was built using the Cytoscape platform and analyzed using the NetworkAnalyzer and stringApp plugins. The result revealed the sirtuin family's association with numerous proteins that play diverse roles, suggesting a complex interplay between sirtuins and other proteins. Based on network topological and functional analysis, SIRT1 was identified as the most prominent among sirtuin family members, demonstrating that 25 of its protein partners are involved in cancer, 22 in innate immune response, and 29 in aging, with some being linked to a combination of two or more pathways. This study lays the foundation for the development of novel therapies that can target sirtuins with precision and efficacy. By illustrating the various interactions among the proteins in the sirtuin family, we have revealed the multifaceted roles of SIRT1 and provided a framework for their possible roles to be precisely understood, manipulated, and translated into therapeutics in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.2A
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2008

This paper introduces an experimental verification of a tension estimation method based on system identification approach for a double hanger system on a suspension bridge. A laboratory model of such double hanger system has been made for this study. Total nine cases of the vibration tests have been conducted with respect to three levels of applied tension and three cases of the location of clamp. For a set of the collected acceleration response data, modal analysis has been followed in order to extract the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the selected cable systems. For the extracted modal parameters, the existing tension estimation methods based on the string theory and axially loaded beam theory have been firstly applied to estimate the tensile force on the double hanger cable system. Next, the tensile force on cables has been estimated by the system identification approach. It is seen that the errors in the tension estimation using the frequency-based system identification technique are about 3% for all cases while the estimation error using the existing method is up to 53.1%.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we proactively looked at the structure and characteristics of each instrument in order to compare and analyze the sound colors of the western violin, chinese erhu and korean haegeum, which are representative bow string instruments. Also, many performers have simply been unable to fully explain how the violin is rich in pitch and the haegeum has a unique tone. Also, many performers thinks that violin sounds rich just because it has many overtones and have been unable to fully explain how haegeum makes unique tone. While previous research data show that most instruments are studied and published by analyzing their own frequencies or related cases of acoustic studies, this study provides a visual look how the harmonics composition, which determines musical instruments' timbres, consists of and suggests data specifically by analyzing each sound pressure of integer multiple overtones so that the structure of instruments' unique timbre can be understood. Based on this, we hope that it will be of considerable help to the development of virtual musical instruments of korean traditional instruments, which are relatively small compared to western virtual instruments, by reproducing instrument sounds through the synthesizers in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.526-533
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a formant synthesis method of Haegeum sounds using cepstral envelope for spectral modeling. Spectral modeling synthesis (SMS) is a technique that models time-varying spectra as a combination of sinusoids (the "deterministic" part), and a time-varying filtered noise component (the "stochastic" part). SMS is appropriate for synthesizing sounds of string and wind instruments whose harmonics are evenly distributed over whole frequency band. Formants extracted from cepstral envelope are parameterized for synthesis of sinusoids. A resonator by Impulse Invariant Transform (IIT) is applied to synthesize sinusoids and the results are bandpass filtered to adjust magnitude. The noise is calculated by first generating the sinusoids with formant synthesis, subtracting them from the original sound, and then removing some harmonics remained. Linear interpolation is used to model noise. The synthesized sounds are made by summing sinusoids, which are shown to be similar to the original Haegeum sounds.