• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.723-729
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between female college students' stress level and premenstrual syndrome so that it can provide baseline data on how to cope with the syndrome. The study subjects are 250 female college students in Gyungbook area. This study chose 199 appropriate subjects and collected data. As per general menstrual phases, this study investigated the age when one had her first period, regularity and duration of period, and amount of bleeding. It used a measurement tool to measure stress level and premenstrual syndrome. Most of the subjects experienced their first period before the age of 13. The menstrual period was irregular with the duration of less than 7 days. 123 subjects had normal amount of bleeding. 121 subjects were experiencing high level of stress over 2.4. The correlation between the level of stress and premenstrual syndrome factors showed significant static correlation for each factor. Especially, the correlation between digestive system and response of autonomic nervous system was .996 and negative emotion and behavioral change was .635, and negative emotion and pain was .614 which were relatively high. The regression analysis of factors of premenstrual syndrome depending on the subjects' stress level indicated that response of autonomic nervous system had the biggest effect in the low stress group while behavioral change, negative emotion, pain, decreased concentration, water congestion, response of autonomic nervous system, and skin change had the biggest effect in the high stress group with statistical significance. Based on the result, it can be said that higher premenstrual stress is closely related to the premenstrual syndrome one experiences for some female college students.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2017

Stress at work has become a serious problem affecting many people of different professions, life situations, and age groups. Stress management should start far before the stress start causing illnesses. In this study, studies were conducted to evaluate stress by measuring the Galvanic skin Response(GRS), Electrocardiograph(ECG), and Electroencephalogram(EEG) generated during images and noise stimuli. The GRS amplitude showed that the stress situation was 27.9 % higher than the baseline. And after the stimulus period, the response time of baseline was longer than 71.6 % than the stress situation. The stress response characteristics of the HRV showed that the rate of change in RMSSD was 16.4 %, and the rate of change of the HF Power was 29.7 %. EEG showed that the frequency band was gradually changed to the ${\theta}$ wave band during stress stimulation. We will be able to utilize image stimuli and noise stimuli as an objective indicator of stress and correlation.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the effects of stress induced by the daily fluctuation of water temperture from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$ up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounder. Puralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish. several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in peripheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week. but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period. respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also. the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control. CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5lh day of the experimental period than the control. 'The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the control. Even though the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune respceses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repealed water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-150
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• 2014

Although multiple transcription factors (TFs) have been characterized via mutagenesis to understand their roles in controlling pathogenicity and infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, if and how forkhead-box (FOX) TFs contribute to these processes remain to be characterized. Four putative FOX TF genes were identified in the genome of M. oryzae, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that two of them (MoFKH1 and MoHCM1) correspond to Ascomycota-specific members of the FOX TF family while the others (MoFOX1 and MoFOX2) are Pezizomycotina-specific members. Deletion of MoFKH1 (${\Delta}Mofkh1$) resulted in reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination, abnormal septation and stress response, and reduced virulence. Similarly, ${\Delta}Mohcm1$ exhibited reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination. Conidia of ${\Delta}Mofkh1$ and ${\Delta}Mohcm1$ were more sensitive to one or both of the cell cycle inhibitors hydroxyurea and benomyl, suggesting their role in cell cycle control. On the other hand, loss of MoFOX1 (${\Delta}Mofox1$) did not show any noticeable changes in development, pathogenicity, and stress response. Deletion of MoFOX2 was not successful even after repeated attempts. Taken together, these results suggested that MoFKH1 and MoHCM1 are important in fungal development and that MoFKH1 is further implicated in pathogenicity and stress response in M. oryzae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.158-163
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• 2013

While job stress evaluations are reported in the recent surveys upon the nuclear power plants(NPPs), any significant advance in the types of questionnaires is not currently found. There are limitations to their usefulness as analytic tools for the management of safety resources in NPPs. Data mining(DM) has emerged as one of the key features for data computing and analysis to conduct a survey analysis. There are still limitations to its capability such as dimensionality associated with many survey questions and quality of information. Even though some survey methods may have significant advantages, often these methods do not provide enough evidence of causal relationships and the statistical inferences among a large number of input factors and responses. In order to address these limitations on the data computing and analysis capabilities, we propose an advanced procedure of survey analysis incorporating the DM method into a statistical analysis. The DM method can reduce dimensionality of risk factors, but DM method may not discuss the robustness of solutions, either by considering data preprocesses for outliers and missing values, or by considering uncontrollable noise factors. We propose three steps to address these limitations. The first step shows data mining with response surface method(RSM), to deal with specific situations by creating a new method called response surface data mining(RSDM). The second step follows the RSDM with detailed statistical relationships between the risk factors and the response of interest, and shows the demonstration the proposed RSDM can effectively find significant physical, psycho-social, and environmental risk factors by reducing the dimensionality with the process providing detailed statistical inferences. The final step suggest a robust stress management system which effectively manage job stress of the workers in NPPs as a part of a safety resource management using the surrogate variable concept.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2010

Objectives : The study is performed to investigate the influence of psychological stress on neck muscles tone and heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : This study was carried out with the data from stress response index score(SRI), surface electromyography(sEMG) and HRV. First subjects were divided into two group according to the SRI points. Subjects in group A had points of SRI in which lower than 30 points. Subjects in group B had points of SRI in which higher than 30 points. Then we investigated how to difference of the index of sEMG and HRV according to each groups. Results : In this study, the muscle contraction of both upper trapezius muscle in stress group were higher than non-stress group significantly. Complexity, root mean square of successive differences of R-R intervals(RMSSD), standard deviation difference between adjacent normal to normal intervals(SDSD), high frequency oscillation power(Ln(HF)), normalized HF(Norm HF) in stress group were lower than non-stress group significantly and normalized LF(Norm LF) was higher. Conclusions : This results show that the stress was associated with neck muscle condition and autonomic nervous system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.449-454
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• 2016

Stress Granules (SGs) are microscopically visible, phase dense aggregates of translationally stalled messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes formed in response to distinct stress conditions. It is generally considered that SG formation is induced to protect cells from conditions of stress. The precise constituents of SGs and the mechanism through which SGs are dynamically regulated in response to stress are not completely understood. Hence, it is important to identify proteins which regulate SG assembly and disassembly. In the present study, we report Neuregulin-2 (NRG2) as a novel component of SGs; furthermore, depletion of NRG2 potently inhibits SG formation. We also demonstrate that NRG2 specifically localizes to SGs under various stress conditions. Knockdown of NRG2 has no effect on stress-induced polysome disassembly, suggesting that the component does not influence early step of SG formation. It was also observed that reduced expression of NRG2 led to marginal increase in cell survival under arsenite-induced stress.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

Objectives : In this case report, we will present three patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder improved by application of oriental medical treatments. Methods : We treated three patients with acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder by oriental medical treatments. The effect of oriental medical treatments were evaluated by STAI and clinical symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, palpitation, startle response. Results : As a result of oriental treatments, clinical symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, palpitation, startle response were improved, and STAI scores also decreased. Conclusions : These results suggest that oriental treatments may have an effect on acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

Stress involves changes in behavior, autonomic function and the secretion of hormones. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) contributes to physiological adaptive process in short durations. In particular, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is commonly used as a quantitative marker depicting the ANS activity related to mental stress. The aim of this study is to investigate correlations between psychological responses to stress and HRV indices induced by the cognitive stressor. Thirty-three participants rated their mental and physical symptoms occurred during the past two weeks on Stress Response Inventory (SRI), which is composed of seven stress factors that may influence the status of mental stress levels. Then, they underwent the psychophysiological procedures, which are collected electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a cognitive stress task. HRV indices, the standard deviation of R-R interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval difference (RMSSD) and low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio were extracted from ECG signals. Physiological responses were calculated stress responses by subtracting mean of the baseline from the mean of recovery. Stress factors such as tension, aggression, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively correlated to HRV indices. In particular, aggression had significant positive correlations to SDNN, RMSSD and LF/HF ratio. Increased aggressive responses to stress correlated with the increases of all HRV indices. This means the increased autonomic coactivation. Additionally, tension, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively associated with RMSSD reflecting increases in parasympathetic activation. The autonomic coactivation may represent an integrated response to specific cognitive reactions such as the orienting response.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 2017

Damping value has considerable influence on the dynamic and seismic behaviors of bridges. However, currently the constant damping ratios that are prescribed by most bridge seismic design codes can't truly represent the complicated damping character of actual structures. In this paper, a cyclic loading experiment was conducted to study the effect of stress amplitude on material damping of concrete to present an analyzing model of the material damping of concrete. Furthermore, based on the fundamental damping of structure measured under ambient vibration, combined with the presented stress-dependent material damping concrete, the seismic response of a bridge pier was calculated. Comparison between the calculated and experiment results verified the validity of the presented damping model. Finally, a modified design and analysis method for bridge was proposed based on stress-dependent damping theory, and a continuous rigid frame bridge was selected as the example to calculate the actual damping values and the dynamic response of the bridge under different earthquake intensities. The calculation results indicated that using the constant damping given by the Chinese seismic design code of bridges would overestimate the energy dissipation capacity of the bridge.