• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

Objective : This study compared the psychological stresses of depressed patients' families with those of schizophrenic patients' families. We investigated the influence of depressive patients' clinical features and their families' demographic characteristics on the families' depressive symptoms and stresses. Methods : Participants were 23 family members of depressed patients and 20 family members of schizophrenic patients. We measured the patients' clinical features (duration of illness, number of previous hospitalizations, and satisfaction with medication), and each family member's socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics (depressive mood, anxiety, family stress, and stress response), analyzing the data via independent t-test, chi-square test, and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results : The depressed patients' average clinical global impression (CGI) was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic patients. The depressed patients' family members showed stress responses significantly higher than those of schizophrenic patients' family members. Furthermore, in depressed patients, frequency of hospitalization was positively correlated with family members' stat anxiety. For both patient types, family stress was positively correlated with the patient's severity of illness and the family's state anxiety, trait anxiety, and stress response ; socioeconomic status was positively correlated with the family's depressive symptoms ; the family's state anxiety positively correlated with the family's trait anxiety and stress response ; and the family's trait anxiety positively correlated with the family's stress response. Socioeconomic status predicted the family's depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic, illness severity and stress response predicted family stress. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both depressed patients' families and schizophrenic patients' families suffer from psychological stress. The study data also have important clinical implications, in that families of depressed patients need psychiatric intervention, as well as the patients themselves. In particular, family intervention should focus on psycho-education and stress coping strategies.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to compare autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and differential relationships with clinical severities between anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and trauma·stressor related disorder using heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Methods : We conducted a retrospective chart review of outpatients from 2017 to 2018 in Stress Clinic of National Center for Mental Health. Total 473 patients were included; 166 anxiety disorder; 184 depressive disorder ; 123 trauma·stressor related disorder. Parameters of 5-min analysis of HRV were compared in three groups. Additionally, we investigated the differential association of each parameters with Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) across each group. Results : No significant differences were found in all HRV parameters between the three groups. However, significant group interactions by CGI-S were found in standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD) (SDNN, p=0.017 ; RMSSD, p=0.034). A negative relationship between CGI-S and SDNN, RMSSD has been found in anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. However, a positive relationship between CGI-S and SDNN, RMSSD has been found in trauma·stressor related disorder. Conclusions : Despite of no significant differences of each HRV parameter, our findings suggested the differential associations of HRV parameters with clinical severity among anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and trauma·stressor related disorder. In trauma·stressor related disorder, the clinical severity and degree of ANS dysregulation may differ, so more aggressive treatment is suggested.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Objective : Police officers are exposed to job-related traumatic events and have a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms and dimensions of temperament and character in police officers. Method : Thirty-six police officers participating in a psychological support program were enrolled. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and other self-reported symptoms scales. Results : Among all participants (age $40.8{\pm}10.2$, men 94.4%), the rate of 'post-traumatic stress symptoms group' was 47.2%. After controlling for confounding factors, lower self-directedness scores were significantly associated with higher PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=0.6$, p=0.03) in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion : Character traits, especially self-directedness, were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms severity. These findings may provide useful information regarding personality factors related to PTSD in police officers.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2010

Objectives : Abnormal movements are among the most common psychogenic symptoms, and psychogenic movement disorders(PMD) are estimated to account for 2-3% of patients in movement disorders clinics. Psychogenic tremor is the most frequent symptoms among psychogenic movement disorders. There are no treatment studies specific to PMD and lack any generally accepted treatment strategies. Methods : In this case, a 40 years old women had been suffered from head tremor for 4-5 years without any evidence for other neurological disorders and medical problems. Her symptom caused by stress events and severity of symptom had been change the level of by stress. We treated her with korean traditional herbal medicine(Chengsimyeonjatang), Qigong-based Stress Reduction Program(BQSRP), Giungoroen(wise saying and lofty opinion) and Gyeongjapyeongji(desensitizing the unease) for 2 months. Results : After treatment, the severity and frequency of the head tremors were decreased. In addition, anxiety level also decreased. Conclusions : This result suggests that our oriental medical treatments was effective on psychogenic tremor.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 2012

We tried to look for parenting stress and social support of parents who look after children with mental retardation, intellectual disability, physical disability, and deafness. We also tried to know type and severity of parenting stress and inform a necessity of a resource and social support through the study. We subjected parents who have children with disability and visit 7 medical centers to treat in the 4 cities. The parents filled out the questionnaire. We analysed the scale of parenting stress and social support using Likert 5 point scale. As a result of parenting stress and social support according to general characteristics by type of disability, parenting stress was very high regardless of type of disability. However, the parents who have children with disability had lower social support. In detail, the parents who have children with mental retardation had the highest parenting stress, and the parents who have children with deafness had the lowest parenting stress. In the social support, the parents who have children with mental retardation received high social support, and the parents who have children with intellectual disability received low social support.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.709-719
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• 2016

Purpose. The study verified the relationship between the mental retardation child mother's parenting stress, self-esteem and social supports. Methods. The subjects were 250 mothers who had their children with mental retardation educated and who experienced to receive social services in U City. They were asked to answer the questionnaire and 134 subjects resent the questionnaire. The survey information was analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results. Sociodemographic characteristic effected on the parenting stress; In accordance with the severity of handicap, the level of the stress was different, self-esteem are the mother's educational attainment. The social supports in functional perspective are the religion. Conclusions. The relationship between the parenting stress and social support, self-esteem and parenting stress the both have negative relationship, More information support, emotional support, economic support, evaluating support get the less the parenting stress, and self-esteem have. The parenting stress and self esteem are highly related.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3602-3608
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• 2013

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a common species of yeast, is by far the most extensively studied model of a eukaryote because although it is one of the simplest eukaryotes, its basic cellular processes resemble those of higher organisms. In addition, yeast is a commercially valuable organism for ethanol production. Since the yeast data can be extrapolated to the important aspects of higher organisms, many researchers have studied yeast metabolism under various conditions. In this report, we analyzed and compared metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under salt and pH stresses of various strengths by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A total of 31 metabolites were identified for most of the samples. The levels of many identified metabolites showed gradual or drastic increases or decreases depending on the severity of the stresses involved. The statistical analysis produced a holistic outline: pH stresses were clustered together, but salt stresses were spread out depending on the severity. This work could provide a link between the metabolite profiles and mRNA or protein profiles under representative and well studied stress conditions.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

The hemodynamics behavior of the blood flow is influenced by the presence of the arterial stenosis. If the stenosis is present in an artery, normal blood flow is disturbed. In the present study, the characteristics of pulsatile flow in the blood vessel with stenosis are investigated by the finite volume method. For the validation of numerical model, the computation results are compared with the experimental ones of Ojha et al. in the case of 45％ stenosis with a trapezoidal profile. Comparisons between the measured and the computed velocity profiles are favorable to our solutions. Finally, the effects of stenosis severity and wall shear stress are discussed in the present computational analysis. It can be seen, where the non-dimensional peak velocity is displayed for all the stenosis models at a given severity of stenosis, that it is exponentially increased. Although the stenosis and the boundary conditions are all symmetric, the asymmetric flow can be detected in the more than 57％ stenosis. The instability by a three-dimensional symmetry-breaking leads to the asymmetric separation and the intense swirling motion downstream of the stenosis.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.84-89
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• 2000

Friction welding of titanium and aluminium is numerically modeled by the axisymmetric thermal elastic-plastic analysis. In titanium/aluminium friction welding, heat transfers into the titanium substrate to a distance of z=10(mm) on the side of the bondline and into the whole region of the aluminium substrate having the large thermal conductivity. Adjacent to the bondline, $^{\sigma}r\;and\;^{\sigma\theta}$ are tensile in the substrate whose thermal shrinkage is large, and are compressive in the substrate whose thermal shrinkage is small. $\sigma_z$ along the radial direction is large tensile at the periphery of the component. Plastic strain occurs only close to the bondline in the aluminium substrate. In the components of plastic strain, $\varepsilon^p_r\;and\;\varepsilon^p_{\theta}$ have positive values and $\varepsilon^p_r$ has large negative value. However, $\varepsilon^p_r$ is produced not because of the severity of the mechanical restraint condition, but on purpose to satisfy the condition of the volume constant. A plastic work is proposed as a measure to evaluate the mechanical severity. The plastic work is larger in the aluminium substrate than that in the titanium substrate. The mechanical condition is severer in the aluminium substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and the severity of musculoskeletal pain in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: A total of 60 subjects were recruited from among the veterans with musculoskeletal pain at D Veterans Hospital. PTSD was evaluated by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; severity of pain was measured by using the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ); depression and anxiety were measured by using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision; and the quality of sleep was measured by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software for Windows. RESULTS: The averages cores of pain intensity ($7.48{\pm}1.67$), SF-MPQ-sensory ($13.84{\pm}7.52$), SF-MPQ-affective ($4.41{\pm}3.79$), depression ($19.30{\pm}11.37$), anxiety ($13.39{\pm}7.99$), and quality of sleep ($10.05{\pm}5.89$) were obtained in veterans with PTSD. SF-MPQ-sensory measures sleep quality (r=0.346, p<0.01), SF-MPQ-affective measures depression (r=0.318, p<0.01) and anxiety (r=0.404, p<0.01), and these showed a statistically significant positive correlation in veterans with PTSD. Pain levels were observed to be higher in veterans with PTSD. Moreover, in these subjects, physical pain had a significant influence on the anxiety variable among the psychosocial factors. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that musculoskeletal pain provides meaningful information about depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in veterans with PTSD. Our data suggest that musculoskeletal pain may need to be addressed as part of the health management process of veterans.