• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

Residual stress is a dominant obstacle to efficient production and safe usage of products by reducing the mechanical strength and failure properties. Especially, it causes interfacial failure and substrate deflection in the case of thin film. So, the exact evaluation and optimum control of thin film residual stress is indispensable. However, hole drilling or X-ray diffraction techniques have some limits in application to thin film. And, curvature technique for thin film materials cannot give the information about local stress variation. Therefore, we applied the nanoindentation technique in evaluating the thin film residual stress. In this study, we modeled the change of indentation loading curve for residually stressed and stress-free thin films during stress relaxation. The value of residual stress was directly related to the indentation depth change by relaxation. The residual stress from nanoindentation analysis was consistent with the result from curvature technique.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2056-2061
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• 2001

Non-proportional loading tests of Nylon 66 at room temperature exhibit path dependent behavior and plasticity-relaxation interactions. The uniaxial formulation of the viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (VBO), which has been used to reproduce the nonlinear strain rate sensitivity, relaxation, significant recovery and cyclic softening behaviors of Nylon 66, is extended to three-dimensions to predict the response in strain-controlled, comer-path tests. VBO consists of a flow law that is easily written for either the stress or the strain as the independent variable. The flow law depends on the overstress, the difference between the stress and the equilibrium stress that is a state variable in VBO. The evolution law of the equilibrium stress in turn contains two additional state variables, the kinematic stress and the isotropic stress. The simulations show that the constitutive model is competent at modeling the deformation behavior of Nylon 66 and other solid polymers.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2015

In-situ neutron diffraction has been employed to examine the effect of strain path on lattice strain evolution during monotonic and cyclic tension in an extruded Mg-8.5wt.%Al alloy. In the cyclic tension test, the maximum applied stress increased with cycle number. Lattice strain data were acquired for three grain orientations, characterized by the plane normal to the stress axis. The lattice strain in the hard {10.0} orientation, which is unfavorably oriented for both basal slip and {10.2} extension twinning, evolved linearly throughout both tests during loading and unloading. The {00.2} orientation exhibited significant relaxation associated with {10.2} extension twinning. Coupled with a linear lattice strain unloading behavior, this relaxation led to increasingly compressive residual strains in the {00.2} orientation with increasing cycle number. The {10.1} orientation is favorably oriented for basal slip, and thus showed a soft grain behavior. Microyielding occurred in the monotonic tension test and in all cycles of the cyclic test at an applied stress of ~50 MPa, indicating that strain hardening in this orientation was not completely stable from one cycle to the next. The lattice strain unloading behavior was linear in the {10.1} orientation, leading to a compressive residual strain after every cycle, which, however, did not increase systematically from one cycle to the next as in the {00.2} orientation.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2022

디스플레이, 태양전지와 같이 전기를 빛으로, 또는 빛을 전기로 변환시켜주는 광전자소자는 효율 향상을 위하여 빛의 거동 제어가 매우 중요하다. 즉, OLED의 경우 내부 빛 제어를 통해 더 많은 빛이 외부로 나갈 수 있도록 유도해 줄 때 발광효율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 외부 빛 제어를 통해 광흡수층에서의 광경로를 증대시킬 경우 태양전지의 에너지 변환효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 광거동 제어가 가능한 구조로서 주름구조에 대한 연구를 진행하였으며 응력 해소 시간을 제어하여 구조의 주기와 높이를 독립적으로 제어하고자 하였다. 주기와 높이의 변화가 광거동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보기 위하여 일정한 주기에서 높이 변화 및 유사한 높이에서 주기 변화에 따른 자외선/가시광선 분광분석(UV/Vis spectroscopy)을 실시하였으며 구조의 종횡비가 클수록 직진광의 비율이 낮고 분산광의 비율이 높음을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 광경로 변화 및 광경로 증가를 위하여 큰 종횡비의 주름구조가 요구됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.134-153
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• 1988

This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate ($\varepsilon$) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with inc - rement of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.283-299
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• 2010

This paper addresses the numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth in arbitrary 2D geometries under constant amplitude loading by the using a new finite element software. The purpose of this software is on the determination of 2D crack paths and surfaces as well as on the evaluation of components Lifetimes as a part of the damage tolerant assessment. Throughout the simulation of fatigue crack propagation an automatic adaptive mesh is carried out in the vicinity of the crack front nodes and in the elements which represent the higher stresses distribution. The fatigue crack direction and the corresponding stress-intensity factors are estimated at each small crack increment by employing the displacement extrapolation technique under facilitation of singular crack tip elements. The propagation is modeled by successive linear extensions, which are determined by the stress intensity factors under linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) assumption. The stress intensity factors range history must be recorded along the small crack increments. Upon completion of the stress intensity factors range history recording, fatigue crack propagation life of the examined specimen is predicted. A consistent transfer algorithm and a crack relaxation method are proposed and implemented for this purpose. Verification of the predicted fatigue life is validated with relevant experimental data and numerical results obtained by other researchers. The comparisons show that the program is capable of demonstrating the fatigue life prediction results as well as the fatigue crack path satisfactorily.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

Objectives This study was performed to research the biological change after walking program in forest according to Sasang constitution. Methods Twenty four applicants are involved in this study. They were classified into three groups(Soyangin, Taeeumin, Soeumin) by QSCC II and divided into two groups(roadway, forest path) by place. And then they participated in walking program on March 31 in 2012. We performed before and after measurements, including active oxygen, biochemical test(BC), and stress hormones. Results Cortisol decreased in the entire group after walking program, which means the effect of relaxation. Glucose reduced in Soyangin group while increased in Taeeumin and Soeumin group after the program. There was no correlation in the test results between Sasang constitution and walking place. Conclusions Walking program has shown most efficacy in relaxation. However a single positive result within this study should be carefully interpreted. In the future, well-designed studies for Sasang constitutional walking program are needed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1984

본문(本文)은 재생성(再生成)한 해성점토(海成粘土)에 대한 점토(粘土)의 시간효과특성(時間効果特性)과 정규압밀(正規壓密)된 점토(粘土)의 시간의존성거동(時間依存性擧動)을 보편적(普遍的)으로 설명(說明)할 수 있는 구성방정식(構成方程式)과 관계(關係)가 있다. 따라서 본문(本文)에서는 T. Adachi와 F. Oka가 제안(提案)한 구성식(構成式)을 채택(採擇)하였으며 이 구성방정식(構成方程式)은 Cam-clay 이론(理論)을 Perzyna외 탄일점소성연속체이론(彈一粘塑性連續體理論)에 적용(適用)하여 수립(樹立)된 것이다. 그리고 이 구성방정식(構成方程式)이 재생성(再生成)한 무안점토(務安粘土)에 대하여 어떻게 적용(適用)될 것인가를 실험적(實驗的)으로 연구(硏究)한 것이다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 얻어진 결론(結論)의 주요(主要)한 것은 다음과 같다. 1. 등방압밀(等方壓密)과 등방응력완화시험(等方應力緩和試驗)의 결과(結果)로부터 정적(靜的), 동적(動的)인 강복면(降伏面)이 각각 존재(存在)함을 확인(確認)할 수 있었다. 2. 일정변형전단시험(一定變形剪斷試驗)과 응력완화시험(應力緩和試驗)의 결과(結果)로부터 시간효과(時間効果)의 특성(特性) 즉 응력(應力)-변형율(變形率)-시간간(時間間)의 유일(唯一)한 관계(關係)가 존재(存在)함을 알 수 있다. 3. Cam-clay 이론(理論)에 의한 응력경로(應力經路)와 변형율(變形率) 추정(推定)에 있어서 이론치(理論値)와 실험치간(實驗値間)에는 차이(差異)가 있다. 4. Cam-clay 이론(理論)을 Perzyna의 탄일점소성체이론(彈一粘塑性體理論)에 적용(適用)시킨 구성방정식(構成方程式)(6)은 비배수상태(非排水狀態)의 등방응력완화과정중(等方應力緩和過程中) 발생(發生)하는 간극수압(間隙水壓)의 거동(擧動)을 설명(說明)할 수 있다. 그리고, 동일(同一)한 혹은 다른 압밀이력(壓密履歷) 받은 점토(粘土)에 대하여 다른 변형속도(變形速度) 적용(適用)한 비배수(非排水) 3축시험(軸試驗)의 결과(結果)를 예측(豫測)하는데 상당한 적합성(適合性)이 있음을 알았다. 5. 이 구성방정식(構成方程式)에는 8개의 재료상수(材料常數)가 있는데 3축압축시험(軸壓縮試驗)을 통하여 쉽게 얻어진다.