• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2016

Considering the effect of dynamic response amplification, a reliability analysis of an offshore wind turbine support structure under an earthquake is presented. A reliability analysis based on the dynamic response requires a large amount of time when using not only a level 3 approach but also level 2 such as a first order reliability method (FORM). Moreover, if a limit state is defined by using the maximum stress at a structural joint where stress concentration occurs, a three-dimensional element should be used in the finite element analysis. This makes the computational load much heavier. To deal with this kind of problem, two techniques are suggested in this paper. One is the application of a quasi-static structural analysis that takes the dynamic amplification effect into account. The other is the use of a stress concentration factor to estimate the maximum local stress. The proposed reliability analysis is performed using a level 2 FORM and verified using a level 3 simulation approach.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

The paper deals with the interaction between three Griffith cracks propagating under antiplane shear stress at the interface of two dissimilar infinite elastic half-spaces. The Fourier transform technique is used to reduce the elastodynamic problem to the solution of a set of integral equations which has been solved by using the finite Hilbert transform technique and Cooke’s result. The analytical expressions for the stress intensity factors at the crack tips are obtained. Numerical values of the interaction efect have been computed for and results show that interaction effects are either shielding or amplification depending on the location of each crack with respect to other and crack tip spacing. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 73M25.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.4215-4220
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• 2011

This study introduces a new concept for a simple, efficient and cheap sensitivity amplification of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based immunosensor system for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$, TNF) by using an in-built magnetic system. The frequency shift due to the applied magnetic field was successfully observed on magnetic particles labeled detection antibodies, anti-human TNF-${\alpha}$, which were bound to the immunologically captured TNF-${\alpha}$ on the gold coated quartz crystals. In the present system, the magnitude of frequency shift depends on both the strength of magnetic field and the amount of target antigen applied. Significant signal amplification was observed when the additional built-in residual stress generated by the modified magnetic particles under the magnetic field applied. Used in conjunction with a sandwich type non-competitive immunoassay format, the lower detection limit was calculated to be 25 $ngmL^{-1}$ and showed good linearity up to TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations as high as 2.0 ${\mu}gmL^{-1}$. The sensitivity, most importantly, was improved up to 4.3 times compared with the same QCM system which was used only an antigen-antibody binding without additional magnetic amplification.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2018

A development plan for seismic capacity verification procedures of nuclear components based on the elastic-plastic strain (EPS) features is explained in this paper. The EPS methodology is more realistic to assess seismic responses of components to extreme seismic events beyond the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) than current practices with the criteria of stress limits. The EPS based approach to analyze the seismic capacity of components can reduce over-conservatism in the current stress-based criteria and can incorporate the seismic responses of components deformed in plastic behavior by the motion of extreme earthquake.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.489-500
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• 1997

현재 국내에서 공용되고 있는 철도 교량은 약 3,000여개이며, 그 가운데 강교량이 차지하는 비율은 47% 정도로서 도로교에 비해 강교량이 차지하는 비율이 훨씬 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 강철도교의 장지간 교량의 대부분이 강판형과 트러스 형식을 채택하고 있으며, 이들 교량은 대부분이 30년 이상의 공용이력을 갖고 있어 각 교량에서 피로 및 부식에 의한 손상이 진행되고 있을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강철도교의 내하력과 내구성에 기초한 유지관리의 구축 및 이들의 데이터 베이스화를 위한 기초적인 단계로서 철도교에서의 응력빈도 특성 및 충격의 영향을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이들을 수행하기 위해 강철도 교량을 대상으로 시험차량에 의한 동적 주행시험을 통하여 충격계수를 산정하였으며, 이로부터 교량지간별, 교량형식별 그리고 차량의 주행 속도별 충격의 영향을 평가하였다. 또한, 공용하중하의 실동응력파를 획득하고 Rainflow Counting Method에 의한 빈도해석을 실시하여 응력범위 히스토그램을 산출하였으며, 트러스 형식별, 통과 열차별, 구조 부재별에 따른 응력분포 특성을 비교, 고찰하였으며, 이로부터 피로손상의 정도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 트러스교에 있어서는 하현재와 세로보의 응력범위가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며 응력빈도 분포의 형태는 교량의 형식, 하중체계 그리고 통과량에 따라 크게 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 충격의 영향은 지간뿐만 아니라 차량의 주행속도에 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2024

Ratcheting is the cyclic buildup of inelastic strain on a structure resulting from a combination of primary and secondary cyclic stress. It can lead to excessive plastic deformation, incremental collapse, or fatigue. Ratcheting has been numerically investigated on a cantilever beam, considering the current study's primary and secondary bending loads. In addition, the effect of input frequency on the onset of ratcheting has been investigated. The non-linear dynamic elastic-plastic approach has been utilized. Analogous to Yamashita's bending-bending ratchet diagram, a non-dimensional ratchet diagram with a frequency effect is proposed. The result presents that the secondary stress values fall sequentially with the increase of primary stress values. Moreover, a displacement amplification factor graph is also established to explain the effect of frequency on ratchet occurrence conditions. In terms of frequency effect, it has been observed that the lower frequency (0.25 times the natural frequency) was more detrimental for ratchet occurrence conditions than the higher frequency (2 times the natural frequency) due to the effect of dynamic displacement. Finally, the effect of material modeling of ratcheting behavior on a beam is shown using different hardening coefficients of kinematic hardening material modeling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5895-5900
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• 2014

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of complicated disorders caused by the interactive influencing factors of heredity and environment, which predisposes to many cnacers. Results from epidemic research indicate that stress is tightly related to the pathogenesis of MS and neoplasia. This paper aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and MS with respect to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF${\alpha}$) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in the Han and Hui ethnic groups. Methods: All subjects for this case-control study matched strict enrollment criteria (nationality, gender and age) and lived in the city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Province in China. The enrolled group contained 102 matched pairs of Hui ethnic individuals and 98 matched pairs of Han ethnic individuals. Enrolled subjects completed the general Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A variant and NPYrs16147 polymorphism were detected in case (81 males, 119 females) and control (81 males, 119 females) groups by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results: Nine factors of the SCL-90 were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) between case and control groups. The homozygous mutant genotype (AA) and the mutant allele (A) of the TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A gene were less frequently observed in the control population compared to the case group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in "Allele" for MS was 2.28 (1.47-3.53), p=0.0001, while "OR" was 1.11 (0.83-1.47), p=0.15, for the NPYrs16147 gene polymorphism. Conclusions: Psychological stress has been positively associated with MS. A previous study from our group suggested there were differences in the level of psychological stress between Hui and Han ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found that the stress-related TNF${\alpha}$ gene was associated with MS for both Han and Hui ethnic groups. In contrast, NPY may be a possible contributor to MS and associated cancer for the Han ethnic group.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 경량화를 위해 금속 링크를 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재 링크로 대체하고자 파손 기준을 이용하여 복합재 링크가 주어진 하중 조건을 견딜 수 있는지를 평가하였다. 복합재의 파손 양상을 예측하기 위해 MMF 기준을 이용하였고, 기계적 시험을 수행하여 MMF의 기준 강도 파라미터를 구하였다. 연구결과 링크의 구멍 주위에서 응력집중이 발생하였고, 특히 굽힘 하중을 받을 때 링크 끝단과 구멍 주위에서 취약함이 드러났다. 파손 지수로부터 파손 양상을 예측하였고 매트릭스 인장 파손이 링크 끝단에서, 그리고 구멍 주위에서는 섬유의 압축 파손이 예측되었다. 본 연구를 통해 확보된 방법과 결과는 경량화를 위해 금속 부품을 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재로 대체할 때 특정 하중 조건 하에서 복합재의 안전성을 평가하는 유용한 지침으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2010

사질토의 상태정수를 현장시험으로부터 추정하기 위해 실내 챔버에 조성된 부산사에 대해 딜라토미터 시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 수평증폭계수($K_D/K_0$)와 상태정수($\Psi$)의 관계는 반대수축상에서 선형관계를 보였으나, 응력이력에 의한 잔류수평응력의 영향으로 과압밀 시료가 정규압밀 시료에 비하여 동일한 상태정수에서 수평증폭계수의 값이 작게 평가되었다. 유효응력으로 정규화된 딜라토미터 계수($E_D/\sigma_m'$)와 상태정수의 관계는 반대수축상에서 선형관계를 만족하였으며, 다소의 분산은 있으나 응력이력에 관계없이 하나의 관계식으로 표현 기능하였다. 다만 응력수준의 영향으로 과압밀 상태보다 정규압밀 상태의 분산이 약간 크게 발생되었으며 구속압이 증가할수록 관계곡선이 하향 이동하는 경향이 나타났다. 기존에 연구된 Ticino sand 및 Toyoura sand와 비교한 결과, $K_D/K_0-\Psi$ 관계는 혼재되어 분포하였으나, $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ 관계는 시료 압축성의 영향으로 Toyoura sand가 Ticino snad 및 부산사의 상부에 위치하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2021

As one of the major types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatments for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Among the targeted therapies, resistance to inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common and remains a problem to be solved. MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) amplification is one of the major causes of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Therefore, there exists a need to find new and more efficacious therapies. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) extracted from Anthriscus sylvestris roots exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. In this study we sought to determine the anti-cancer effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells, which are resistant to gefitinib (EGFR-TKI) due to regulation of EGFR and MET and their related signaling pathways. To identify the direct binding of DPT to EGFR and MET, we performed pull-down, ATP-binding, and kinase assays. DPT exhibited competitive binding with ATP against the network kinases EGFR and MET and reduced their activities. Also, DPT suppressed the expression of p-EGFR and p-MET as well as their downstreat proteins p-ErbB3, p-AKT, and p-ERK. The treatment of HCC827GR cells with DPT induced high ROS generation that led to endoplasmic-reticulum stress. Accordingly, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis by multi-caspase activation were observed. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the apoptotic effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells and signify the potential of DPT to serve as an adjuvant anti-cancer drug by simultaneously inhibiting EGFR and MET.