• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.340-351
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify depression and its influencing factor of nurses among comprehensive nursing care service ward. Methods: The research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects of the study were 173 nurses of comprehensive nursing care service ward in Gyeonggi-do. Data collection was done using self-reported structured questionnaires asking about job stress, emotional labor, job burnout, somatic symptoms, turnover intention, depression and general characteristics from May 16 to June 3, 2016. Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: Mean scores of job stress were 159.15(range 43~215), emotional labor 30.90(range: 9~45), job burnout 59.45 (range: 0~132), somatic symptoms 24.03 (range: 12~60), turnover intention 5.61 (range 0~18) and depression 19.25 (range: 0~60) and reported as depression in 63.6%. Somatic symptoms (${\beta}=.26$, p<.001), job burnout (${\beta}=.37$, p<.001) had significant associations with depression and the most important variable was job burnout. Conclusion: It is necessary to apply the developed program to reduce job burnout in hospitals and to prevent and/or control depression. And also, it needs to improve working conditions and increase the nursing staff to reduce somatic symptoms for nurses among comprehensive nursing care service ward.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.46-47
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• 2018

High performance concrete with low water-to-cement ratio has been widely used with increased demand of high rising buildings and huge scaled structures. Additionally, for high performance concrete, various SCMs are replaced to improve its performance from fresh state to hardened state. With the drawback of increased viscosity of the concrete mixture for high performance concrete, low-viscosity typed high range water reducer is the relatively new admixture. Therefore, as a goal of the research, under using various SCMs with wide range of content, the performance of low-viscosity typed high range water reducer was evaluated. Especially, in this research, the influence of low-viscosity typed high range water reducer on rheological properties including plastic viscosity and yield stress were assessed. As a result of the research, it is expected to provide a fundamental information of low -viscosity typed high ranged water reducer on high performance concrete with various conditions of SCMs.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.489-500
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• 1997

현재 국내에서 공용되고 있는 철도 교량은 약 3,000여개이며, 그 가운데 강교량이 차지하는 비율은 47% 정도로서 도로교에 비해 강교량이 차지하는 비율이 훨씬 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 강철도교의 장지간 교량의 대부분이 강판형과 트러스 형식을 채택하고 있으며, 이들 교량은 대부분이 30년 이상의 공용이력을 갖고 있어 각 교량에서 피로 및 부식에 의한 손상이 진행되고 있을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강철도교의 내하력과 내구성에 기초한 유지관리의 구축 및 이들의 데이터 베이스화를 위한 기초적인 단계로서 철도교에서의 응력빈도 특성 및 충격의 영향을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이들을 수행하기 위해 강철도 교량을 대상으로 시험차량에 의한 동적 주행시험을 통하여 충격계수를 산정하였으며, 이로부터 교량지간별, 교량형식별 그리고 차량의 주행 속도별 충격의 영향을 평가하였다. 또한, 공용하중하의 실동응력파를 획득하고 Rainflow Counting Method에 의한 빈도해석을 실시하여 응력범위 히스토그램을 산출하였으며, 트러스 형식별, 통과 열차별, 구조 부재별에 따른 응력분포 특성을 비교, 고찰하였으며, 이로부터 피로손상의 정도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 트러스교에 있어서는 하현재와 세로보의 응력범위가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며 응력빈도 분포의 형태는 교량의 형식, 하중체계 그리고 통과량에 따라 크게 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 충격의 영향은 지간뿐만 아니라 차량의 주행속도에 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Many models have been used to represent the effects of confining stress, bulk stress, and shear stress on the value of the resilient modulus (Mr). This study was conducted to estimate Mr of the recycled materials such as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) through the repeated load cyclic test. Also, two models were applied to estimation of Mr for comparing between measured Mr values and predicted Mr values. The first model (A-model) can provide a quick and easy estimation of the Mr based on the bulk stress, while the second model (N-model) includes not only the bulk stress but also the shear stress. Statistical analysis indicated that all results using the both of models are significant at a 95 % confidence level. Therefore, the both of models could be used as an effective prediction model of Mr for RCA and RAP. Especially, the Model 2 including the parameters of the bulk stress and the shear stress could give more reliable estimation at the high range of Mr values.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호통권28호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1996

To investigate the effect of fatigue crack growth due to the surface residual stress, it is measured the residual stress distribution by x-ray diffraction at the crack tip each constant crack growth in the notch specimens, and quantitively assessed the effect of crack closure caused to the distribution of compressive stress at the crack tip from evaluating crack openning stress using the finite element analysis. It is concluded that the degree of the residual stress distribution at the crack tip is decreased with increasing the crack length. From the fact that it is similar to the crack openning stress ratio, it is found that the compressive residual stress distribution and size is related to the crack closure effect and surface residual stress field with propagating crack in the notch specimens depends on the stress intensity factor range at the crack tip.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1999년도 제29회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.297-302
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• 1999

Finite element analysis is peformed about the crack propagation in half-space due to sliding contact. The analysis is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and stress intensity factor concept. The crack location is fixed and the friction coefficient between asperity and half-space is varied to analyze the effect of surface friction on stress Intensity factor for horizontal crack. The crack propagation direction is predicted based on the maximum range of shear and tensile stress intensity factor.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.859-865
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• 1993

Morphotropic tetragonal and rhombohederal phase boundary(MPB) in PZT system was calculated and the effect of mechanical stress and electric field on the MPB was examined using phenomenological thermodynamic theory proposed by Devonshire. Mechanical stress and electric field was calculated to change free energies of phases and shift MPB. The stable composition range of the phase, of which spontaneous strain and spontaneous polarization aligned to the direction of tensile stress or electirc field, was expanded.

• 오토저널
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.38-47
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• 1989

The Finite Element Method has been employed to calculate the effect of particle size, matrix, and volume fractions on the stress-strain relations of .alpha.-.betha. titanium alloys. It was found that for a given volume fraction, the calculated stress-strain curve was higher for a finer particle size than for a coarse particle size within the range of the strains considered, and this behavior was seen for all the different volume fraction alloys considered. The calculated stress-strain curves for three vol. pct .alpha. alloys were compared with their corresponding experimental curve, and in general, good agreement was found.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1987

Fatigue tests by axial loading (R = 0.05) were carried out to investigate fatigue crack growth characteristics of small surface cracks in 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel at room temperature by using flat specimens with a small artificial pit. All the data of the fatigue crack growth rate obtained in the present test are determined as a function of the stress intensity factor range about a semi-elliptical crack, so that the application of linear fracture mechanics to the surface fatigue crack growth and to the fatigue crack growth into depth, and all the data obtained from tests were discussed in comparison with the data of Type 304 stainless steel and two type of mild steel under the same test conditions. The obtained results are as follows: 1)When the cycle ratios are same, surface fatigue crack length and its depth are almost same and fall within a narrow scatter band in spite of different stress levels. 2)Relations of the surface fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and fatigue crack growth rate into depth (db/dN) to its stress intensity factor range ($\Delta K_{Ia}, \Delta K_{Ib}$) can be plotted as a straight line at log-log diagram without dependence of stress level and coincide with the data of part-through crack in various steels.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2005

The electrical stability against surge stress of varistors, which are composed of Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-Y oxide system, were investigated at different sintering times. As sintering time increases, the varistor voltage and nonlinear exponent decreased in the range of $279.6\~179.1$ and $52.5\~24.9$, respectively. On the contrary, the leakage current and dielectric dissipation factor increased in the range of $1.2\~9.8\;{\mu}A$ and 0.0461\~0.0651 with increase of sintering time. For all varistors, the variation rates of V-I characteristic parameters against surge stress were more strongly affected in order of varistor voltage ${\rightarrow}nonlnear$ $exponent{\rightarrow}leakage$ current. On the whole, the electrical stability against surge stress increased with increasing sintering time. Conclusively, it is assumed that the varistors sintered for 2 h exhibited comparatively good characteristics, in view of overall characteristics.