• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

The dynamic response of crossing tunnels under heavy-haul train loads is still not fully understood. In this study, based on the case of a high-speed tunnel underneath an existing heavy-haul railway tunnel, a model experiment was performed to research the dynamic response characteristics of crossing tunnels. It is found that the under-crossing changes the dynamic response of the existing tunnel and surrounding rock. The acceleration response of the existing tunnel enhances, and the dynamic stress of rock mass between crossing tunnels decreases after the excavation. Both tunneling and the excitation of heavy-haul train loads stretch the tunnel base, and the maximum tensile strain is 18.35 µε in this model test. Then, the measured results were validated by numerical simulation. Also, a parametric study was performed to discuss the influence of the relative position between crossing tunnels and the advanced support on the dynamic behavior of the existing tunnel, where an amplifying coefficient of tunnel vibration was introduced to describe the change in acceleration due to tunneling. These results reveal the dynamic amplifying phenomenon of the existing tunnel during the new tunnel construction, which can be referred in the dynamic design of crossing tunnels.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the muscle activations between the professional golfers without low back pain symptom and the professional golfers with low back pain symptom, and so identify the stress related to golf swings, and provide the basic data to minimize the low back pain and the injury risk. Using surface electrode electromyography, we evaluated muscle activity in 6 male professional golfers during the golf drive swing. Surface electrodes were used to record the level of muscle activity in the Abdominal Oblique, Elector Spinae, Rectus Abdominis, Gluteus Maximus muscles during the golfer's swing. These signals were compared with %RVC(Reference voluntary contraction) which was normalized by IEMG(Integrated EMG). The golf swing was divided into five phases: take away, forward swing, acceleration, early follow through, late follow through. we observed patterns of trunk muscle activity throughout five phases of the golf swing. The results can be summarized as follows: RES(Right Elector Spinae) had statistically significant difference in take away phase, LGM(Left Gluteus Maximus), LRA(Left Rectus Abdominis), LOA(Left Oblique Abdominal) had statistically significant difference in forward swing phase, RES(Right Elector Spinae), RGM(Right Gluteus Maximus), ROA(Right Oblique Abdominal) had statistically significant difference in acceleration phase, RES(Right Elector Spinae), RGM(Right Gluteus Maximus) had statistically significant difference in early follow-through phase, LES(Left Elector Spinae), RGM(Right Gluteus Maximus) had statistically significant difference in late follow through phase.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.557-572
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the vibration control of long-span reticulated steel structures under multi-dimensional earthquake excitation. The control system and strategy are constructed based on Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers. The LQR and Hrovat controlling algorithm is adopted to determine optimal MR damping force, while the modified Bingham model (MBM) and inverse neural network (INN) is proposed to solve the real-time controlling current. Three typical long-span reticulated structural systems are detailedly analyzed, including the double-layer cylindrical reticulated shell, single-layer spherical reticulated shell, and cable suspended arch-truss structure. Results show that the proposed control strategy can reduce the displacement and acceleration effectively for three typical structural systems. The displacement control effect under the earthquake excitation with different PGA is similar, while for the cable suspended arch-truss, the acceleration control effect increase distinctly with the earthquake excitation intensity. Moreover, for the cable suspended arch-truss, the strand stress variation can also be effectively reduced by the MR dampers, which is very important for this kind of structure to ensure that the cable would not be destroyed or relaxed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.417-439
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• 2015

Many methods are developed for strengthening of reinforced concrete structural members against the effects of shear. One of the commonly used methods in recent years is turned out to be bonding of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Impact loading is one of the important external effects on the reinforced concrete structural members during service period among the others. The determination of magnitude, the excitation time, deformations and stress due to impact loadings are complicated and rarely known. In recent year impact behavior of reinforced concrete members have been researched with experimental studies by using drop-weight method and numerical simulations are done by using finite element method. However the studies on the strengthening of structural members against impact loading are very seldom in the literature. For this reason, in this study impact behavior of shear deficient reinforced concrete beams that are strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) strips are investigated experimentally. Compressive strength of concrete, CFRP strips spacing and impact velocities are taken as the variables in this experimental study. The acceleration due to impact loading is measured from the specimens, while velocities and displacements are calculated from these measured accelerations. RC beams are modeled with ANSYS software. Experimental result and simulations result are compared. Experimental result showed that impact behaviors of shear deficient RC beams are positively affected from the strengthening with CFRP strip. The decrease in the spacing of CFRP strips reduced the acceleration, velocity and displacement values measured from the test specimens.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2022

The ancient underground cities are a collection of self-supporting spaces that have been manually excavated in the soil or rock in the past. Because these structures have a very high cultural value due to their age, the study of their stability under the influence of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, is very important. In this research, while introducing the underground city of Ouyi Nushabad located in the center of Iran as one of the largest man-made underground cities of the old world, the analysis of dynamic stability is performed. For this purpose, the dynamic stress-displacement analysis has been performed through numerical modeling using the finite element software PLAXIS. At this stage, by simulating the Khorgo earthquake as one of the large-scale earthquakes that occurred in Iran, with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale, dynamic analysis by time history method has been performed on three selected sections of underground spaces. This study shows that the maximum amount of horizontal and vertical dynamic displacement is 12.9 cm and 17.7 cm, respectively, which was obtained in section 2. The comparison of the results shows that by increasing the cross-sectional area of the excavation, especially the distance between the roof and the floor, in addition to increasing the amount of horizontal and vertical dynamic displacement, the obtained maximum acceleration is intensified compared to the mapping acceleration applied to the model floor. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to stabilize the excavations in order to prevent damage caused by a possible earthquake.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

최근 무기체계의 개발에서 핵심부품 구성품의 신뢰성 시험이 국방전력발전 업무훈령 규정에 반영되고 각 종 부품의 복잡도의 증가로 인하여서 신뢰성의 중요도가 강조되고 있고 그에 따라서 신뢰성 시험의 중요성 또한 강조되고 있다. 또한 핵심 구성품의 수명시험 비용과 기간을 단축하기 위해서는 가속수명시험 기법의 적절한 적용이 요구되어 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 헬기에 장착되는 블래더형 축압기를 대상으로 한 신뢰성시험 설계 방법을 연구하고 신뢰성 시험 설계에 필요한 프로세스를 제시 하였다. 축압기의 신뢰성 시험을 설계하기 위해 고장률예측, 고장모드 영향 분석, 고장나무분석 등의 기법을 이용하여 주요 고장모드와 고장 메커니즘을 조사하고 2-Stage QFD를 통하여서 각 고장모드의 우선순위 및 중요도를 체크함과 동시에 주요 스트레스 인자를 분석하여 적절한 가속 모델을 선택했다. 그리고 필요 시료 수와 신뢰도 수준 및 각각의 스트레스 조건에 따라서 무고장 시험 설계법을 참고하여 정상상태의 신뢰성시험을 설계하였고 또한 선택한 가속 모델을 사용하여 계산한 가속계수에 따라 가속 수명시험시간을 계산하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.578-583
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 반도체의 신뢰성을 테스트하기 위한 가속 시험에 대해 설명하고 자동차 반도체의 신뢰성 테스트 국제 표준인 AEC-Q100에 대해 다룬다. 반도체는 수십년 동안 사용할 수 있기 때문에 수명 전주기에서 발생하는 잠재적인 문제점을 테스트하기 위해서는 집중적으로 스트레스를 가하여 테스트 시간을 최소화하는 가속 시험이 필수적이다. 자동차 반도체에서 사용하는 대표적인 가속 시험인 AEC-Q100은 반도체에서 발생하는 각종 불량과 그 원인을 분석할 수 있도록 설계되었기 때문에 반도체의 수명과 신뢰성을 예측할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 설계상, 제조상의 문제도 쉽게 찾아낼 수 있다. AEC-Q100은 가속 스트레스 시험, 가속 수명 시험, 패키지 적합성 시험, 공정 신뢰성 시험, 전기적 특성 시험, 결함 검출 시험, 기계적 특성 시험의 7개 테스트 그룹으로 구성되며 동작 온도에 따라 Grade 0에서 Grade 3까지 4개의 등급이 존재한다. 반도체 소자, 광전자 반도체, 센서 반도체, 멀티 칩 모듈, 수동 소자 분야에서는 각각 AEC-Q101, Q102, Q103, Q104, Q200이 사용된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2021

One of the important causes of building and infrastructure failure, such as bridges on pile foundations, is the placement of the piles in liquefiable soil that can become unstable under seismic loads. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of a soil-pile system in liquefiable soil using three-dimensional numerical FEM analysis, including soil-pile interaction. Effective parameters on concrete pile response, involving the pile diameter, pile length, soil type, and base acceleration, were considered in the framework of finite element non-linear dynamic analysis. The constitutive model of soil was considered as elasto-plastic kinematic-isotropic hardening. First, the finite element model was verified by comparing the variations on the pile response with the measured data from the centrifuge tests, and there was a strong agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Totally 64 non-linear time-history analyses were conducted, and the responses were investigated in terms of the lateral displacement of the pile, the effect of the base acceleration in the pile behavior, the bending moment distribution in the pile body, and the pore pressure. The numerical analysis results demonstrated that the relationship between the pile lateral displacement and the maximum base acceleration is non-linear. Furthermore, increasing the pile diameter results in an increase in the passive pressure of the soil. Also, piles with small and big diameters are subjected to yielding under bending and shear states, respectively. It is concluded that an effective stress-based ground response analysis should be conducted when there is a liquefaction condition in order to determine the maximum bending moment and shear force generated within the pile.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3A호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 외부 후 긴장 보강 공법을 공용중인 무도상 철도 판형교 보강 방안으로서 적용 할 경우 긴장재 강성 및 도입 긴장력의 크기가 동적 거동 특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 실험 및 해석적으로 평가 하였다. 연구 결과 긴장재 강성에 의해 고유 진동수가 증가하나 긴장력 크기 증가에 의한 고유 진동수 감소에 의해 필요 긴장력 도입시 최종적으로 고유 진동수가 미소하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 외부 후 긴장력과 고유 진동수 변화 양상에 대한 명확한 관계 정립을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 외부 후 긴장에 의해 동적 처짐, 동적 휨 응력 및 중력 방향 가속도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 외부 후 긴장에 의하여 중력 방향 가속도의 70% 수준인 횡 방향 가속도가 최대 20% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2016

Feeder cable assembly는 정보통신용 자동차부품이다 기능을 제대로 하지 않으면 자동차의 제어와 안전에 큰 문제가 발생한다. 가속수명시험은 시험시간을 단축할 목적으로 짧은 시간에 잠재적인 고장모드와 고장을 찾기 위하여 기속조건(스트레스, 스트레인, 온도 등)에서 실험을 실시하는 것이다. 고장원인은 부품의 품질과, 고장으로 유도하는 공정, 디자인에 의해 발생하는 결함이다. 열충격은 온도차에 의하여 부품의 열팽창 정도가 다른 것에 기인한다. 열충격시험은 부품이 급격한 온도차를 견디는 능력을 실험하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 가속시험의 coffin-manson 식을 이용하여 정상조건(최고온도 $80^{\circ}C$, 최저온도 $-40^{\circ}C$)과 가속조건(최고온도 $120^{\circ}C$, 최저온도 $-60^{\circ}C$)을 이용하여 가속계수를 계산하여 2.25 값을 얻었다. 정상조건에서 1,000 사이클 실험이 가속조건에서 444 사이클 실험만하여도 됨을 알 수 있었다. Bx 수명 식을 이용하여 가속조건에서 시료가 5개, B0.04%.10years 조건에서 747 사이클 결과를 얻었다. 정상조건에서 1,000 사이클, 가속조건에서 747 사이클 실험한 feeder cable assembly 시료 5개를 각각 네크워크 분석기를 이용하여 성능시험을 실시하고, 와이블분포의 모수분포값을 비교한 결과 가속이 잘 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 동등한 신뢰도에서 가속실험을 통하여 시험시간을 1/4 정도 단축할 수 있었다.