• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 1998

These studies were Performed to provide some basic informations for developing an automatic system in dairy farming in order that the farmers may easily and automatically detect the mastitis. Electrical conductivity of each milk sample was measured by micro-ohm meter and also the number of somatic cell was detected by somecounter. The major microorganisms causing mastitis were also investigated. The rate of infected cattle with mastitis was 33.0% among 2,540 dairy cattle and the rate of infected quarters with mastitis was 13.9 % among 9.660 quarters. When the number of somatic cell was under lost electrical conductivity of the milk was 0.073, whereas number of somatic cell was over $3{\times}10^{6}$, electrical conductivity was increased by 0.167. When electrical conductivity of milk was over 0.073, the cattle was diagnosised as mastitis. The major micmorganisms of mastitis were Staphylococcus spp. (55-60%) and Streptococcus spp. (15-20%).

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 1998

From the underground part of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., commonly known as Vietnamese ginseng, 50 triterpene glycosides including 24 new dammarane saponins named visa-ginsenosides-Rl-24 were isolated and identified. The structure of the new saponins was elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The saponin composition of Vietnamese ginseng is almost similar to that of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and other cultivated Panax spp. However, the content of ocotillos-type saponins, especially that of the major saponin, majonoside-R2 (5.29% yield), was surprisingly very high. The pharmacological activities of Vietnamese ginseng are essentially similar to those of ginseng. In addition, it has marked antibacterial activity against pathogenic Streptococcus app. and is effective in treatment of granular angina. The chemical composition and pharmacological activities have made Vietnamese ginseng an interesting member of Panax spp. from chemotaxonomical and pharmacological points of view,

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2011

The growth rate of piglets will be decreased and the mortality of piglets will be increased in the postpartum sow with mastitis. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples found in postpartum sows with suckling piglets and to further investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 567 udders of 42 lactating sows and the isolated bacteria was then identified. Isolated bacteria were tested with 12 antimicrobial agents. Bacteria were isolated from 260 milk samples (64.5%). Staphylococcus spp. were the most common microorganisms (74.5%) isolated from sow milk, followed by Streptococcus hyicus (53.9%), Staphylococcus epidermis (11.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (53.9%). In the Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.1%) was isolated as was Streptococcus sanguinis (3.8%) and Streptococcus ovis (2.9%). Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy sow milk were mostly susceptible to cephalothin (88.0%), amikacin (85.3%) and cefoxitin (82.4%), but were resistant to streptomycin (10.0%), kanamycin (33.1%) and tetracycline (19.6%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.372-377
• /
• 2001

A study on the prevalence and causes of sub-clinical mastitis was conducted on ten smallholder and large-scale dairy farms in Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas. A total of 65 lactating cows were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Confirmatory tests used included; the direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), culture, bacteriological and biochemical tests. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on management aspects. Results showed 62% and 4% cows as sub- clinical and clinical mastitis cases respectively. Levels of infection were higher on smallholder farms (75%) than on large-scale farms (25%). All tested cows had high cell counts (>500,000) per ml of milk. Incidences of mastitis were significantly (p<0.05) related to milking practices. The dominant bacterial isolates in the same order were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, and Escherichia coli. Other organisms isolated included Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp. It was concluded that the high rates of sub-clinical mastitis in the research area were mainly due to poor management and unhygienic milking practices.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.423-426
• /
• 1995

SM-101 is a mixture of metampicillin and sulbactam(2:1). The antibacterial activities of SM-101 were compared with those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin. It showed powerful antibacterial activities against major strains. Except P. anruginosa and S. marcescens, the in vitro antibacterial activity of SM-101 was higher than those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Moganella morganii, E. Coil, and Proteus spp. The $ED_{50}$ values of SM-101 were two-fold or greater than those of metampicillin, piperacillin and Augmentin against $\beta-lactamase$ producing strains, p. mirabilis GN79 and M. morganiii MB4-11. The in vivo efficacy of SM-101 was more active than metampicillin and pipeeracillin and similar to Augmentin against S. aureus Smith, E coli MB4-01 and K. pneumoniae MB4-02.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2011

Lack of hygiene and puerperal mastitis are common causes of bacterial diseases in nursing neonates. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples of healthy female Jindo dogs with suckling puppies and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 120 udders of 12 lactating Jindo dogs that were 2~4 years old without any clinical diseases including mastitis. Bacteria were isolated from 64 milk samples (53.3%), either singly (76.6%) or in combination (23.4%). Staphylococcus (S.) spp. was the most common microorganisms (74.7%) isolated from canine milk, followed by Haemophillus spp. (10.9%), Streptococcus spp. (9.6%), Gardnerella spp. (2.4%) and Moraxella spp. (2.4%). The most frequently isolated organism was S. warneri (31.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria was tested with 17 antimicrobial agents by Kirbyand Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy canine milk were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin and ceftiofur, but were resistant to erythromycin, neomycin and tetracycline.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2012

Otitis externa (OE) is a frequent disease in the ear canals of dogs. To identify the pathogens causing OE in dogs and to determine their antimicrobial resistances, specimens were collected from animal hospitals in Daejeon. The isolates were examined by morphological and biochemical tests, 16S rRNA analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. We analyzed correlation between the isolated pathogens and external factors of dogs such as breed, age, gender, ear mite, hair in ears and experience with antibiotic therapy. Thirty three strains of bacteria were isolated from 26 of the 68 heads of dogs with OE. The most isolated bacteria were Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (Sta. aureus), Sta. pseudointermedius, E. faecium, E. avium and Streptococcus canis (Strep. canis) in order of frequency of occurrence. Isolation frequency of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were 51.5% and 45.5%, respectively. E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed VanB phenotype, which is resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin were 58% and 25%, respectively. Nine isolates among total twelve isolates of E. faecalis were isolated from the dogs treated with antibiotics. There was no methicillin-resistant Sta. aureus (MRSA), but were MR-Sta. pseudointermedius (MRSP) (57.1%) and vancomycin-resistant (VR)-Sta. pseudointermedius (14.3%) (VRSP) showing VanB phenotype. However, vanA, vanB and vanC genes were not detected in VR isolates from the dogs. Taken together, VR-Enterococcus spp. (VRE) is one of the major pathogens in domestic animals, as well as community-and hospital-acquired infection.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 꽃사슴과 Holstein 젖소의 반추위와 대장에 서식하는 미생물중 섬유소 분해력이 강한 혐기성 박테리아를 순수 분리하여 분리된 미생물들을 동정하고 이들 미생물들의 효소 특성을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 배지의 종류에 관계없이 젖소에서 분리된 박테리아가 꽃사슴에서 분리된 미생물에 비하여 섬유소 분해효소 활력이 우수하였고 탄소 공급원의 종류에 의해 섬유소 분해 효소의 활력에 영향을 미쳤으며 특히, cellulose 단독 공급시 보다 starch, glucose와 cellobiose를 복합한 탄소 공급원을 제공시 일반적으로 높은 효소의 활력을 나타내었다. API kit를 이용한 생화학 및 당발효 시험 결과 알려진 강력한 섬유소 분해 박테리아는 동정되지 않았고 대부분의 박테리아가 Peptostreptococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotela ruminicola/buccae, Clostridium beijer/butyricum 및 Streptococcus intemedis로 동정되었다. 분리된 균들의 다당류 및 단당류를 분해할 수 있는 가수분해 효소인 Avicelase, xylanase, β-D-glucosidase, α-L-arabino- furanosidase 및 β-xylosidase의 효소활력은 이용하는 배지조성 특히 탄소 공급원의 종류에 의하여 효소의 활력에 영향을 미치며 가수분해 효소의 종류에 따라 각 분리된 균주들마다의 다른 분포를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 분리된 혐기성 박테리아들이 공급되는 탄수화물 기질의 종류에 따라 효소의 활력에 변화를 일으켰고 이것은 기질에 따른 박테리아의 효소생산 특이성과 성장률의 변화에서 기인하였기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.436-446
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria in chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) lesions from 3 patients and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of them against 10 antibiotics. One of them was odontogenic origin and the others were non-odontogenic origin. Pus samples were collected by needle aspiration from the lesions and examined by culture method. Bacterial culture was performed in three culture systems (anaerobic, CO2, and aerobic incubator). Identification of the bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) nucleotide sequencing method. To test the sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from the maxillary sinusitis lesions against seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth dilution assay. Our data showed that enterobacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes (30%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), and Serratia marcescens (15%) were predominately isolated from the lesion of non-odontogenic CMS of senile patient (70 year old). Streptococcus spp. (40.3%), Actinomyces spp. (27.4%), P. nigrescens, M. micros, and P. anaerobius strains were isolated in the lesion of odontogenic CMS. In the lesion of non-odontogenic CMS, Streptococcus spp. (68.4%), Rothia spp. (13.2%), and Actinomyces sp. (10.5%) were isolated. The susceptibility pattern of 10 antibiotics was determined according to the host of the bacteria strains ratter than the kinds of bacterial species. Even though the number of CMS was limited as three, these results indicate that antibiotic susceptibility test must be accompanied with treatment of CMS. The combined treatment of two or more antibiotics is better than single antibiotic treatment in the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the CMS lesions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2018

목적: 본 연구에서는 천공성 충수염을 예측할 수 있는 인자들을 분석하고, 원인균을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2012년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지 한림대학교 성심병원에서 19세 미만에 충수염으로 수술을 진행한 569명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 입원 당시의 병력청취 기록과 혈액검사, 영상검사, 균 배양검사를 분석하였다. 결과: 총 569명 중 127명(22%)에서 천공이 확인되었다. 충수염의 천공 비율은 소아기, 학령기, 청소년기에서 각각 50%, 27.8%, 16.8%였다. 높은 C-반응단백질 수치, 충수대변돌 존재가 천공 충수염의 위험인자였다(P<0.001). 24명의 환자에서, 수술 중 복강 내 복막액 또는 충수 주위에 농이 관찰될 때 균 배양검사를 시행하였고, 16명(66%)에서 균이 배양되었다. 가장 많이 배양된 균은 Escherichia coli(n=10)였다. 나머지 균은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.였다. 결론: 5세 이하의 환자에서 충수염의 천공 비율은 50%였고, 천공 비율은 나이가 많을수록 낮았다. 충수염 진단 당시 C-반응단백질 수치가 높거나, 영상검사에서 충수대변돌이 관찰될 때, 천공성 충수염 가능성이 높으므로 주의해야 한다.