• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers of group A ${\beta}-hemolytic$ streptococci (GAS) in children living in a rural community and to investigate the association between episodes of acute pharyngitis and carrier status. Methods: Throat swabs were collected from September to November 2013 among children 5-13 years of age from a rural community (Maria Ignacia-Vela, Argentina). The phenotypic characterization of isolates was performed by conventional tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assayed for penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin (disk diffusion). The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for penicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Results: The carriage of ${\beta}-hemolytic$ streptococci was detected in 18.1% of participants, with Streptococcus pyogenes in 18 participants followed by S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in 5. The highest proportion of GAS was found in 8 to 10-year-old children. No significant association between the number of episodes of acute pharyngitis suffered in the last year and the carrier state was detected (p>0.05). Tetracycline resistance (55.5%) and macrolide-resistant phenotypes (11.1%) were observed. Resistance to penicillin, cefotaxime, or chloramphenicol was not expressed in any streptococcal isolate. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated significant throat carriage of GAS and the presence of group C streptococci (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) in an Argentinian rural population. These results point out the need for continuous surveillance of GAS and non-GAS carriage as well as of antimicrobial resistance in highly susceptible populations, such as school-aged rural children. An extended surveillance program including school-aged children from different cities should be considered to estimate the prevalence of GAS carriage in Argentina.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2006

토양 미생물인 방선균의 배양액으로부터 그람양성균에 대해 항균활성을 가지는 항균성 물질을 탐색하였다. 2,500주의 방선균 배양액을 탐색하여 항균성 물질 생산균주 Streptomyces sp. G9l353을 분리하였고, 그로부터 생산된 항균성 물질인 A91353을 분리 정제하였다. A91353은 다양한 구조해석 연구에 의하여 N-acetyl-phenylalanine으로 동정되었으며 Sc. pyogenes 308A, Sc. pyogenes 77A 등과 같은 그람양성균에 대해 선택적이며, D-alanyl-D-alanine과 상호작용 하여 그람양성균의 세포벽 합성을 저해하는 것으로 사료된다. N-acetyl-phenylalanine의 최소생육저해 농도는 그람양성균에 대해서 $50{\mu}g/ml$ 이었으며, 그람음성균에 대한 활성은 나타나지 않았다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2007

연구균은 화농성 감염 및 비화농성 감염을 일으키며, 대개 수일의 잠복기를 걸쳐 발열, 등의 임상 증상과 함께 화농성 병변을 보인다. 화농성 병변은 부위 및 질환에 따라서 항생제와 외과적 처치를 적절히 조합하여야 하며, 외과적 처치가 필요한 경우는 이를 지체하여서는 안된다. 저자들은 다른 전신 증상의 동반없이 경부 종괴로 발현한 인두주위 농양 및 심한 전신 증상을 동반한 괴사성 근막염, 복통으로 발현된 괴사성 폐렴 각 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Baicalein (BA) on the production of hydrogen peroxide in lipoteichoic acid-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : Lipoteichoic acid-stressed RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were incubated with baicalein at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM. Incubation time is 30 minutes, 2 h, 12 h, and 18 h. After incubation, The production of hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages was measured with dihydrorhodamine 123 assay. Streptococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid and Streptococcus pyogenes lipoteichoic acid were used as cell-stimulating lipoteichoic acid. Cell viabilities were measured with a modified MTT assay. Berberine, indomethacin, and gallic acid were incubated for the same time as the comparative materials. Results : BA at the concentration of 50 and 100 µM did not show cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages for 24 h incubation. For 30 minutes, 2 h, 12 h, and 18 h incubation, BA at the concentration of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the production of hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by Streptococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (p < 0.05); also, BA at the concentration of 50 and 100 µM also inhibited the productions of hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by Streptococcus pyogenes lipoteichoic acid significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions : BA might have anti-bacterial activity related to its inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production in lipoteichoic acid-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1994

B군 연쇄상구균(group B streptococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae)은 신생아 뇌막염과 균혈증의 원인균으로 알려져 있고, 우리나라에서는 현재까지 23예의 신생아 B군 연쇄상구균 감염 임상 증례가 보고되었다. 그러나 성인에서의 B군 연쇄상구균 분리 동정에 대한 분석은 보고되었으나, 폐렴 증례는 아직 보고된 바 없고, S. agalactiae의 penicillin에 대한 최소억제농도가 대표적 연쇄상구균인 S. pyogenes 보다 높고 동물실험 및 시험관검사에서 penicillin과 aminoglycoside을 병합사용할 경우 상승작용이 관찰되었기 때문에, 치료제로 penicillin 또는 cephalosporin 을 aminoglycoside와 병합투여하여야 하는 특정을 지니고 있다. 저자들은 74세 남자 당뇨 환자에서 B군 연쇄상구균에 의한 폐렴과 패혈증이 발생한 증례를 치험하여 보고하고자 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1973

Determinations of the compositioin ofl chinoform metal chelates by elemental analysis and molar ratio method showed that the ratios of the ligand to metals in chinoform Cu(II) chelate, chinofrm Ni (II) chelate, and chinoform CO(II) chelate were 2:1 respectively and that the ratio in chinoform Fe(III) chelate was 3:1. It was found that diffe rential thermal values vary with the center metalic ions and that the thermal stability was in anorder of Fe>Cu>Co>Ni. The indices of over-all stability constant of chinoform Cu(II) chelate, Ni(II) chelate, Co(II) chelate, and Fe(III) chelate were 15.57, 15.16, 15.40 and 20.76, respectively, and the over-all stability was in an order of Fe>Cu>Co>Ni. The tests of the natibacterial activity in vitro of the chinoform metal chelates against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC G538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2131, Serratia marcescens 3357, Klebsiella pneumoniae 8899, Enterococcus 3309, Streptococcus pyogenes 507, and Escherichia coli 125 showed that the Cu(II) chelate generally had greater activity than chinoform, that it had four-fold activity particularly against Streptococcus pyogenes 507 and Staphylococcus awreus ATCC 6538, that the Ni(II) and Co(II) chelates had almost same activity, and that the Fe chelate had strong activity against Escherichia coli 125.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2014

목적: A군 연쇄구균은 소아에서 인두염, 연조직염을 일으키며 드물게 침습성 질환을 일으키는 중요한 원인균이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 한국 소아에서 A군 연쇄구균 침습성 감염증의 임상 양상 및 예후에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 3월부터 2012년 12월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원 및 2003년 3월부터 2012년 12월까지 분당 서울대학교병원에 입원한 환자 중 A군 연쇄구균 침습성 감염증으로 치료받은 18세 이하의 소아를 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 대상환자들의 임상양상, 검사결과, 치료방법 및 예후와 합병증에 대해 조사하였다. 결과: A군 연쇄구균 침습성 감염증으로 진단 받은 총 36명의 환자 중 30명에 대해 의무기록을 확인할 수 있었다. 남자가 많았으며(남:여=2.75:1) 환자들의 중앙연령은 4년 2개월(생후 12일부터 15세까지)로 그 중 53.3%가 5세 미만이었다. 질환은 피부 및 연조직감염증(9/30, 30.0%), 국소 감염부위가 없는 균혈증(4/30, 13.3%) 그리고 관절염 및 골수염(6/30, 20.0%)가 가장 많은 것으로 확인되었다. 연쇄구균 독소쇼크증후군(3/30, 10.0%), 호흡기, 복부 및 중추신경계 감염증도 확인되었다. 전체기간 중 2012년에 환자발생이 가장 많았으며(9/30, 30.0%), 사망한 사례는 없었다. Erythromycin 및 clindamycin에 대한 항생제 내성률은 각각 3.8% 및 7.5%로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 소아에서 A군 연쇄구균 침습성 감염증으로 입원치료 받은 환자들의 임상양상을 확인할 수 있었으며 주로 5세 미만의 어린 연령층에서 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지난 20년 동안 한국 소아에서 발생한 A군 연쇄구균 침습성 감염증의 임상적 특성 및 예후를 조사함으로써 향후 임상에서 환자를 빠르게 인지하고 적절하게 치료하는데 본 연구결과가 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Background: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lidocaine (LD) topical anesthetic spray against oral microflora. Methods: Antimicrobial effects of 10% LD spray were assessed against six bacterial cultures obtained from volunteers: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus sanguinis. The filter papers contained $50-{\mu}l$ LD, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, or 0.2% chlorhexidine. Papers were placed on the cultured blood plates for 1-3 min. After the papers were removed, plates were incubated for 24 h. Bacterial growth on the contact areas was recorded as the antimicrobial score. The split mouth technique was use in for sample collection in clinical study. Filter papers soaked with either BHI broth or LD were placed on the right or left buccal mucosa for 1 min, and replaced with other papers to imprint biofilms onto the contact areas. Papers were placed on blood plates, incubated for 24 h, and antimicrobial scores were determined. Experiments were conducted for 2- and 3-min exposure times with a 1-day washout period. Results: LD exhibited bactericidal effects against E. coli, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius within 1 min but displayed no effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial effect of LD on oral microflora depended upon exposure time, similar to the results obtained from the clinical study (P < 0.05). LD showed 60-95% biofilm reduction on buccal mucosa. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of 10% LD topical anesthetic spray was increased by exposure time. The 3 min application reduced oral microflora in the buccal mucosa.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2004

The prevalence of resistance to a range of macrolides was determined for clinical isolates of common respiratory pathogens using NCCLS testing methods and interpretative criter ia.71.4% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 62.3% of Staphylococcus aureus, 50.8% of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 4.4% of Strpetococcus pyogenes were erythromycin resistant. Also, the rates of resistance to other macrolides and clindamycin in these clinical isolates were as high as to eryth -romycin. Almost all of the macrolide-resistant isolates were positive for erm of the methylase gene, or mef of the efflux gene.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2006

Artemisia vulgaris, one of the most religious plants in Nepal, is used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, antioxidative activity of essential oil from A. vulgaris was evaluated, using different in vitro methods and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against skin disease microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. It showed strong metal chelating activity with low reducing and antioxidant power. However, gradual increase in radical scavenging activity was obtained with increasing concentration and reaction time. It also possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and notable susceptibility was observed against S. pyogenes and P. acnes.