• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 1997

The microstructure of the inconel 690 alloy was varied by the solution treatment and the thermal treatment. The specimens having different microstructures were examined in order to understand the strengthening mechanism of the inconel 690. The level of supersaturation of carbon in the solid solution was increased by applying a longer solution treatment at 115$0^{\circ}C$. As increased carbon content in the solid solution, more carbides precipitated during the thermal treatment at $700^{\circ}C$. Since the carbides played a role of obstacle on the movement of dislocations, a higher tensile strength was obtained in the sample having a large number of carbider. The accumulation of dislocations at the grain boundary carbides caused the development of intergranular fracture which led to a lower elongation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.897-902
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• 2005

Internal deficiency of vital Qi is origination of cancer and root cause of its development from the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). For about 40 years, China has developed a combined system of TCM and Western medical system in treatment of cancers, laying stress on the therapeutic principle of strengthening the body resistance and restoring normal functioning of the body to consolidate the constitution (Fu Zheng Pei Ben). According to the results of the latest clinical and experimental studies, Chinese medicine not only increases curative effectiveness, but also reduces the side effect caused by the toxic, radio and chemical treatment of cancer cases in the western medical system as well as various complications. Long-term taking Chinese herbal medicine prevents recurrence and metastasis of tumor, and heightens long-term curative effectiveness after western medical treatments. It also helps to relieve symptoms, improve the quality of life, and prolong life of terminal cancer patients who have already lost opportunities of western medical treatments. In addition, it can prevent and cure premonitory symptoms of cancer.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise treatment program for the older women with stress incontinence. The researcher developed 8 weeks training program which was implemented at a social welfare center in Seoul. The exercise method followed the Kegel criteria. Verbal instructions were given to the subjects. Subjects were confirmed of the exercises and evaluated by description of the exercise method. Fourteen elderly women(mean age 75.7) with stress incontinence participated and completed this program. The training sessions were held twice a week and each session took 45 minutes ; 15 minutes for pelvic floor muscle strengthening program and 30 minutes for other physical therapy. Pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise program was applied using verbal instruction and practice at social welfare center, twice a week and daily home exercise program were given to each individual. The results were as follows ; 1. There was significant decrease of lower urinary symptoms in the subjects (p = 0.00) 2 But there was no significant change in the sexual matters (p = 0.44) and the life style (p = 0.41) In conclusion, further study with larger sample group is suggested in order to confirm the study result. Because of limited sample size, the study results were not conclusive. But the pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise treatment program could be a safe and effective program and is suggestive for the community residing older women with stress incontinence as a geriatric physical therapy intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

In order to improve the hardness of commercial bone china, we suggested a chemical strengthening process and new glaze for its process. New glaze contained about two times more $Na_2O$ and $Al_2O_3$ and had a higher transition temperature than that of commercial frit. Chemical strengthening enhanced the hardness of the new glaze-coated bone china by over 30% compared to that of commercial product. The change of glaze composition influenced potassium ion diffusion distance and depth of strengthened layer during chemical treatment. After chemical strengthening of new glaze-coated bone china, the residual compressive stress inside the glaze was measured and found to be greater than 160 MPa.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.497-502
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• 2001

We examined the silicate-based material to develop the surface-treatment agent, which would be used to restore performance of the deteriorated concrete and to inhibit corrosion of the reinforcing bar. As a part of the study, we carried out experiments of the penetration and strengthening properties of concrete treated by the considering agent. The variables of experiment, were the type of silicates, the ratio of distilled water-silicate, the usage of surface-strengthening material, and the usage of biochemical material. The penetrating ability of concrete is assessed by viscosity and surface tension. Also assessments of strengthening effects of concrete are performed on compressive strength, absorption, and water permeability tests.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : This study aims to examine effects of trunk strengthening exercise in three rigid cerebral palsy adolescents aged between 11 and 13 on their spinal segments and gait. Methods : 2A trunk strengthening program for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was made focusing on improvement in their school life and mental and social activities during their school years, and then trunk strengthening exercise was applied to the three subjects for 30 minutes five times per week for four weeks. With the subjects in a static state, each group's gait analysis was made and maximum anterior flexion, maximum extension, maximum left and right lateral flexion, and cross rotation of the trunk were measured using Sonosens (Germany) prior to and after the intervention. Results : Assessment of spinal segment mobility with the subjects in a static state showed that the trunk muscle strengthening exercise increased their maximum joint movement angles from the right side to the center and rotational abilities of the cervical and lumbar spines. Gait analysis indicated increased movements in the thoracic and lumbar spines and relatively decreased anterior-posterior movement of the cervical spine. Conclusion : Trunk strengthening program is effective in enhancing spinal segment mobility and balance ability of cerebral palsy adolescents and considered able to be used together with diverse treatment interventions.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate on the ankle pain, Range of Motion(ROM) and balance ability with old man have fall down experience used to ankle strengthening exercise for 6 weeks. We introduced ankle strengthening exercise in this study in order to recover the pain, ankle ROM and balance ability. Methods : Twenty-four old mans have fall down experience were included for the study. Among them, twelve old mans(experimental group) were ankle strengthening exercise and physical science methods(H/P, TENS, U/S), another twelve old mans(control group) were treated by physical science methods(H/P, TENS, U/S). Each group made use of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) to pain and goniometer to ankle ROM and Berg Balance Test(BBS) to balance ability to compare the possible changes of pain, ROM and balance ability in two groups after treatment. Results : In experimental group, pain reduced, ankle ROM has increased in dorsi-flexion, plantar-flexion and balance ability has increased for 6 weeks. In control group, pain reduced, ankle ROM has not changed in dorsi-flextion, plantar-flextion and balance ability has not changed for 6 weeks. Conclusion : According to the results, we concluded that ankle strengthening exercise for 6 weeks is effective for reducing pain and increasing ankle ROM and balance ability. Therefore, we thought the old man have fall dawn experience need ankle strengthening exercise for prevention repeatedly fall down.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

The use of advanced composite materials in strengthening and repair of existing structures is increasing rapidly. This paper describes an effectiveness of a bonding of carbon fiber reinforced sheets to corroded steel members for the repair. Three types of surface treatment, what we call cleaning, of corroded plate are chosen as parameters. They are "without cleaning","removal of painting by brushing" and "complete removal of painting". From the experimental study, the following findings are obtained. 1) When the steel plate is subjected to tensile force, carbon fiber sheets adhered to the painted steel gives a higher strength against peeling compared to that of the plate without painting, 2) The grade of surface treatment, or cleaning of the corroded steel plate affects the strengthening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

As a basic research for developing 600 MPa yield strength reinforcing steel bars, the strengthening of 0.25 wt.% carbon steel by vanadium addition was studied. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated for the specimen V0 (0.00 wt.% V), V1 (0.03 wt.% V) and V2 (0.06 wt.% V) processed by various heat treatments. To set the heat treatment conditions, the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves were drawn for austenitizing temperatures of $900^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$. For specimens tempered at $600^{\circ}C$ after quenching from $900^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$, yield strength was increased by 19 MPa and 21 MPa for 0.01 wt % V addition, and tensile strength was increased by 25 MPa and 28 MPa for 0.01 wt % V addition, respectively. Also, for 0.06 wt.% V added specimens tempered after quenching and normalized, tensile strength was increased by 50 MPa and 30 MPa for increasing austenitizing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-90
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• 1998

To study the improvement of soft marine clay from southern coast of Korea under theelectroosmosis and electrophoresis conditions, several electrokinetic tests were carried out in electrokinetic(E/K) cell. In electroosmosis tests, various treatment times and current densities were used to investigate the strengthening effect under different conditions. From these tests results, it may be noted that electroosmotic strengthening of soft marine clay was effective in proportion to unit power consumption, current density and treatment time. However, electrophoresis method was not effective for thin soil.