• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2008

One of main issues in watermarking is to resolve the strength of watermark for solving the problem of trade-off between fidelity and robustness of watermarking. In the previous research, the strength of watermark has been resolved fixed value generally without considering local image characteristics such as image brightness, contrast, and edge. This paper proposes a new model to predict the strength of watermark considering local image characteristics such as image brightness, contrast, and edge for digital wavelet transform(DWT)-based image watermarking. For the study, psychological experiment was fulfilled to measure the human image perception and regression analysis showed the proposed model was statistically significant at the level of ${\alpha}\;=\;0.01$. Also the model is practically validated on fidelity and robustness of watermarking.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 MPEG2 부호화기내에서 삽입된 워터마크(watermark)의 비트 검출율에 따라 워터마크의 삽입 세기를 적응적으로 조절하는 방법을 제안한다. MPEG2 부호화내에서 워터마크를 삽입하고, 움직임 보상을 위해 복호화한 프레임에서 추출한 워터마크의 BER(bit error rate) 값에 따라 워터마크 세기를 적응적으로 조절한다. 워터마크의 각 비트는 주파수 확산방식을 사용하여 삽입한다. 워터마크 검출은 MPEG2 복호화시에 주파수 영역에서 실시간으로 검출한다. 실험 결과, PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio)은 고정적인 워터마크 세기를 적용한 경우 31.5dB, 가변적 워터마크 세기를 적용한 경우 33.0dB이다. 평균 BER은 0.126으로 허용 한계치 0.2보다 작다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2005

This paper is proposed a watermarking technique for copyright protection of multimedia contents. We proposed adaptive watermark detection algorithm using stochastic perceptual model and statistical decision method in DMWT(discrete multi wavelet transform) domain. The stochastic perceptual model calculates NVF(noise visibility function) based on statistical characteristic in the DMWT. Watermark detection algorithm used the likelihood ratio depend on Bayes' decision theory by reliable detection measure and Neyman-Pearson criterion. To reduce visual artifact of image, in this paper, adaptively decide the embedding number of watermark based on DMWT, and then the watermark embedding strength differently at edge and texture region and flat region embedded when watermark embedding minimize distortion of image. In experiment results, the proposed statistical decision method based on multiwavelet domain could decide watermark detection.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권9C호
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2004

디지털 워터마킹은 지척재산권과 보안성을 결항시키는 기술이다 블라인드 워터마킹은 원본데이터나 삽입한 워터마크를 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 어려운 워터마킹 기술 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 영역의 에너지 양자화를 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 공격의 종류와 강도에 따른 영상의 에너지 변화에 대하여 워터마크 추출강도가 적응적으로 변하기 때문에 강인한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 모의실험에서 상입된 워터마크의 비가시성을 유지하였으며, 잡음첨가, 잘라내기, 블러링, 샤프닝 등의 다양한 공격에 대해서 강인함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.756-766
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• 2023

To effectively track the illegal use of digital images and maintain the security of digital image communication on the Internet, this paper proposes a reversible multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on a deep residual network (ResNet) and perceptual hashing (also called MWR). The algorithm first combines perceptual image hashing to generate a digital fingerprint that depends on the user's identity information and image characteristics. Then it embeds the removable visible watermark and digital fingerprint in two different regions of the orthogonal separation of the image. The embedding strength of the digital fingerprint is computed using ResNet. Because of the embedding of the removable visible watermark, the conflict between the copyright notice and the user's browsing is balanced. Moreover, image authentication and traitor tracking are realized through digital fingerprint insertion. The experiments show that the scheme has good visual transparency and watermark visibility. The use of chaotic mapping in the visible watermark insertion process enhances the security of the multipurpose watermark scheme, and unauthorized users without correct keys cannot effectively remove the visible watermark.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a watermarking scheme based on the DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) and the ANN (Artificial Neural Network) to ensure the copyright protection of the digital images. The problem to embed watermark is not clear to select important coefficient in the watermarking. We used the RBF (Radial-Basis Function) to solve the problem. We didn't apply the whole wavelet coefficients, but applied to only the wavelet coefficients in the selected node. Using the ANN, although even the watermark casting process and watermark verification process are in public, nobody knows the location of embedding watermark except of authorized user. As the result, the watermark is good at the strength test-filtering, geometric transform and etc.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.4042-4059
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• 2020

The development of new multimedia techniques such as 3D printing is increasingly attracting the public's attention towards 3D objects. An optimized robust and imperceptible watermarking method based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Weber Law is proposed for 3D polygonal models. The proposed approach partitions the host model into smaller sub meshes and generates a secret watermark from the sub meshes using Weber Law. ACO based optimized strength factor is identified for embedding the watermark. The secret watermark is embedded and extracted on the wavelet domain. The proposed scheme is robust against geometric and photometric attacks that overcomes the synchronization problem and authenticates the secret watermark from the distorted models. The primary characteristic of the proposed system is the flexibility achieved in data embedding capacity due to the optimized strength factor. Extensive simulation results shows enhanced performance of the recommended framework and robustness towards the most common attacks like geometric transformations, noise, cropping, mesh smoothening, and the combination of such attacks.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 MPEG2 부호화기내에서 워터마크 세기를 비트율과 움직임 벡터의 크기에 따라 적응적으로 조절하는 방법을 제안한다. I 프레임에 대하여는 양자화 스텝 크기에 따라 워터마크 세기를 가변적으로 조절하고, P, B 프레임은 고효율의 압축이 실현되므로 워터마크의 강인성을 유지하기 위해 비트율과 매크로 블록의 움직임 벡터의 크기에 따라 적응적으로 워터마크 세기를 조절한다. 워터마크 검출은 MPEG 동영상을 완전히 복호화하지 않고 MPEG 복호화시에 DCT 영역에서 실시간으로 검출한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 방법은 화질의 차이가 눈에 띄지 않고 GoP 변환후 동영상 재압축, 저주파 필터 공격과 프레임 삭제 등의 동영상 편집 공격에서도 강인함을 나타낸다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 HVS(Human Visual System)와 신경회로망 중 SOM(Self-Organizing Map)을 이용하여 DWT 영역에서 영상에 적응적인 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. HVS는 brightness sensitivity와 texture sensitivity의 두가지 특성으로 설명될 수 있다. SOM은 영상의 지역적인 특징들을 얻는데 사용된다. 따라서 HVS와 SOM을 이용하여 삽입되는 워터마크의 최적의 강도와 길이를 결정한다. 실험을 통해 제안한 방법이 최적의 워터마크 강도와 길이를 제공하며 비가시성 테스트에서 우수함과 다양한 공격에 강인함을 알 수 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.225-228
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• 2005

According to a popularization of the Internet and digital lifestyle, digital watermarks have been proposed for protection of copyrighted multimedia content. In blind watermark detection, which an original image is not provided, robustness against geometric distortion and compression remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new perceptual blind discrete wavelet transform - discrete Fourier transform (DWT-DFT) composite watermarking scheme that is robust against both general linear transform and JPEG compression. This algorithm constructs an image-dependent watermark in the most significant DWT coefficients, which is determined by using a hierarchical tree structure. Strength of watermark is determined from a just-noticeable difference (JND) profile of a perceptual model. Furthermore, a desired template is inserted into DFT domain of the watermarked image. In new manner, a cross-ratio of four collinear points is used for detecting the template. Experimental results have showed that the proposed scheme is robust against general linear distortion, JPEG compression and various general kinds of attacks in the Stirmark 3.1 watermark evaluation tool.