• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Background: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is associated with weakness in the deep neck flexor muscles, a shortening of the neck extensors, and a reduction in endurance. In addition, muscle imbalance can lead to neck pain and musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study compared neck extensor muscle fatigue, muscle strength, and muscle endurance time between patients with CNP and healthy adults during isometric neck extension. Methods: Thirty participants (15 patients with CNP and 15 healthy adults) were recruited in this research. The outcome measures included splenius capitis (SC) muscle fatigue, isometric neck extensor strength, and muscle endurance. The independent T-test was used to compare the continuous dependent variables between the CNP group and the healthy group. Results: The independent T-test indicated that muscle fatigue in the left SC differed significantly between the CNP group and the healthy group. A significant difference was also noted in the isometric neck extensor and neck extensor strength between the groups. Conclusion: Our results provided promising clinical evidence that patients with CLP have reduced neck extensor strength and endurance and increased SC muscle fatigue, which results in neck pain.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

Background: The serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles act synergistically to allow for an appropriate scapulothoracic rhythm. However, a decrease in serratus anterior activation causes the upper trapezius to become overactivated, resulting in dysfunction. This study compared serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity according to sling angle and compared serratus anterior strength between healthy adults and patients with shoulder instability. Methods: Twenty participants (10 healthy adults and 10 patients with shoulder instability) were included in this study. The participants had their arms extended at sling angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° in reach forward with shoulder flexion using goniometer. Serratus anterior strength was measured three times while the participants were supine. The outcome measures were surface electromyography amplitude of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior and serratus anterior strength. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the upper trapezius was significantly different between healthy group and shoulder instability group at a sling angle of 60°, and both the upper trapezius and serratus anterior exhibited significant differences at 90°. Moreover, a significant difference was noted in the muscle strength of the serratus anterior. Conclusion: Our results provide novel and promising clinical evidence that patients with shoulder instability have decreased serratus anterior activation and upper trapezius overactivation, resulting in muscle imbalance. In addition, there was a significant difference between the healthy group and shoulder instability group in the serratus anterior muscle strength

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2003

We processed meta-analysis to test if the effects of laser therapy and mobilization techniques are evidence-based practice for treating tennis elbow. By researching and collecting the results of previous studies on tennis elbow, we inquired into the difference in the effects of each treatment methods on pain, grip strength, and ROM. A total of 10 international and domestic articles on the treatments of tennis elbow were selected for this study, including 7 articles on the effect of laser therapy and 3 on mobilization techniques. According to the qualitative meta-analysis, all 7 of the articles on laser therapy and 1 of the mobilization technique were double-blinded and randomized the subjects, and all of the 10 studies were designed in a high quality research, using statistics. The results of the studies on laser therapy showed in terms of statistical significance: 4 out of 7 did not decrease pain after therapy, and 3 out of 5 did not increase grip strength after therapy. In the studies on the effects of mobilization technique, both the 2 studies significantly increased grip strength after therapy. For other studies which measured ROM and tension, the mobilization therapy increased ROM significantly, and decreased tension significantly. The results of our study are shown in a diverse form in terms of the effects of different therapy techniques. This is related to the accuracy of the measurement tools for assessments and diagnoses. Further qualitative studies on the evidence-based practice and researches on tennis elbow are needed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2014

Objective: In this study, we used resting-state fMRI data to map differences in functional connectivity between a comprehensive set of 8 distinct cortical and subcortical brain regions in healthy controls and Internet addicts. We also investigated the relationship between resting state connectivity strength and the level of psychopathology (ex. score of internet addiction scale and score of Barratt impulsiveness scale). Background: There is a lot of evidence of relationship between Internet addiction and impaired inhibitory control. Clinical evidence suggests that Internet addicts have a high level of impulsivity as measured by behavioral task of response inhibition and a self report questionnaire. Method: 15 Internet addicts and 15 demographically similar non-addicts participated in the current resting-state fMRI experiment. For the connectivity analysis, regions of interests (ROIs) were defined based on the previous studies of addictions. Functional connectivity assessment for each subject was obtained by correlating time-series across the ROIs, resulting in $8{\times}8$ matrixs for each subject. Within-group, functional connectivity patterns were observed by entering the z maps of the ROIs of each subject into second-level one sample t test. Two sample t test was also performed to examine between group differences. Results: Between group, the analysis revealed that the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, between orbito frontal cortex and putamen, between the orbito frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and between amydgala and insula was significantly stronger in control group than in the Internet addicts, while the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and insula showed stronger negative correlation in the Internet addicts relative to control group (p < 0.001, uncorrected). No significant relationship between functional connectivity strength and current degree of Internet addiction and degree of impulsitivy was seen. Conclusion: This study found that Internet addicts had declined connectivity strength in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and other regions (e.g., ACC, IPC, and insula) during resting-state. It may reflect deficits in the OFC function to process information from different area in the corticostriatal reward network. Application: The results might help to develop theoretical modeling of Internet addiction for Internet addiction discrimination.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2000

To investigate the neurobiological bases of learning and memory is one of the ambitious goals of modern neuroscience. The progress in this field of recent years has not only brought us closer to understanding the molecular mechanism underlying long-lasting changes in synaptic strength, but it has also provided further evidence that these mechanisms are required for memory formation. Since twenty years ago, several studies for the tests of the hypothesis that NMDA-dependent hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP) underlies learning have been reported. Also, in the recent year, data from mutant mice showed that a potential role for NMDA-dependent LTP in hippocampal CA1 and spatial learning. Although the current evidence for the role of NMDA receptor in learning and memory is not still obvious, NMDA receptor seems to act as a critical switch for activation of a cascade of events that underlie synaptic plasticity.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem that can be troubling for children and their families. Treatment options include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures. Various nonpharmacologic treatments have been shown to have a positive effect on bed-wetting in small studies but have not been extensively evaluated (generally weak strength of evidence). This study was undertaken to determine if there is any evidence for the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Methods : Author conducted a computerized literature search in following database: Medline(via Pubmed), NDSL. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner and assessed critically. Results : 4 article was selected. Acupuncture is composed of general acupuncture, electro, laser. Acupuncture treatment of the children had significantly more dry night than before treatment Conclusion : Alternative, nonpharmacological approach using acupuncture works in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

본 논문은 신경외과 및 일반외과 영역에서 골 고정용 금속판으로 골 수술 및 치료를 하는 과정에서 골 고정요 금속판의 굴곡강도와 강성을 평가할 수 있는 강요평가 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 굴곡곡선의 최대 포인트 점은 0.2% 상쇄변위(offset displacement)에서 평형하게 접근 할 수 있는 포인트 P점을 최대 하중에 부여하는 굴곡 점으로 적용하였다. 실험에 사용한 플레이트(Plate)는 ${\Phi}13$와 ${\Phi}18$이며, 강도평가의 알고리즘은 플레이트 ${\Phi}13$, ${\Phi}18$, ${\Phi}13-{\Phi}18$ 비교하였으며, 플레이트에 압박하는 힘의 알고리즘을 산출한 결과 굽힘강도의 최대값이 311N, 387N, 410N, 474N로 나타났고, 변위(Displacement)에 따라 하중에 견디는 시점인 인장강도가274(N), 324(N), 382(N), 394(N)로 나타났음으로 이 시점이 금속판의 굴곡운동 값으로 결정되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 한 개의 축을 기준으로 발생하는 골 고정용 금속판의 강도 조절 문제를 평가알고리즘으로 구성함으로 해결할 수 있었고, 형태 변화에 따른 조절기능을 검증할 수 있는 시스템이 새로운 알고리즘 형성으로 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.151-152
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• 2023

This study investigates the effect of nano-silica and nano-calcite on the hydration properties and mechanical performance of limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) paste. The pastes were synthesized by replacing limestone with nano-silica and nano-calcite in order to enhance the mechanical properties in both early and late stages of hydration. The nano-calcite enhanced the strength of LC³ pastes at 1 day of hydration, however, the strength decreased compared to the ordinary LC³ pastes afterwards due to excessive amount of carboaluminate produced in the pastes. On the other hand, nano-silica improved the mechanical properties of LC³ pastes at all ages of hydration. This is mainly due to the nucleation effect and pozzolanic reaction of nano-silica, affecting the early age and late ages of hydration, respectively. The nucleation effect of both nanomaterials were confirmed by the analysis of hydration heat, supporting the enhanced early age strength of nanomaterial incorporated LC³ pastes. Furthermore, the dense matrix was shown in the pore size distribution, and the increased C-S-H due to the pozzolanic reaction evidence the improved compressive and splitting tensile strength of nano-silica incorporated LC³ pastes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2006

Modification of polylactic acid (PLA) and 10% maleic anhydride (MAH) with 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) based on MAH weight was conducted in the kneader at $160^{\circ}C$ and 30~70 rpm, for 15 min. The resulting MAH-modified PLA (PLA-MA) was then evaluated as a compatibilizer for PLA-wood flour (WF) composites. The FTIR and $^1H$-NMR analysis gave evidence of PLA-MA formation. After kneading and reacting with MAH and DCP, the number (Mn) and the weight average (Mw) molecular weights of PLA decreased as compared to the original PLA. The presence of WF in the composites decreased the tensile strength and several other physical properties. The higher the WF loading resulted in the greater the reduction of tensile strength. An addition of 10% PLA-MA as a compatibilizer to the composites improved the tensile strength and several other physical properties, increased the flow temperature, and decreased the melt viscosity. The improved composite revealed 1.42 times increased in tensile strength but not over PLA alone, and absorbed considerably less water compared to those of the composites free-compatibilizer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill aerobic exercise training on isokinetic muscle strength in students with cerebral palsy. The subjects consisted of 9 female students with cerebral palsy between the ages of 10 to 22. The subjects performed treadmill aerobic exercise training with $0\%$ grade by free speed with three times a week for 20 minutes a session and 12 weeks. Concentric peak torque of knee flexors and knee extensors was measured before training and after training at $30^{\circ}/sec$ and $60^{\circ}/sec$ by isokinetic dynamometer. Paired t-test was used to assess changes in variables of isokinetic muscle strength. The results of analysis are as followings. 1) After training, concentric peak torque of the least affected knee flexors(p<.01) and the most affected knee flexors (p<.01) and concentric peak torque of the least affected knee extensors(p<.01) and the most affected knee extensors(p<.01) at $30^{\circ}/sec$ significantly increased. 2) After training, concentric peak torque of the least affected knee flexors(p<.05) and the most affected knee flexors(p<.01) and concentric peak torque of the least affected knee extensors(p<.05) and the most affected knee extensors(p<.01) at $60^{\circ}/sec$ significantly increased. These findings provide evidence that treadmill aerobic exercise training improves isokinetic muscle strength in students with cerebral palsy.