• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 수치모델링을 통해 단열의 교차각과 같은 기하학적 특징이 교차점에서의 유동특성과 용질의 혼합·분배에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. Pe(Peclect number; 이류와 확산의 상대적인 비)뿐만이 아니라 단열의 교차각이 교차점에서의 용질의 혼합·분배모델을 결정하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 교차각이 90°미만인 경우, 주입된 유동방향과 동일한 방향의 유출구로 진행하기 때문에 교차점에서 양쪽 주입구에서 온 유선들의 접촉을 용이하게 한다. 반면, 교차각이 90°보다 큰 경우 유체가 주입된 유동방향과 유출구의 방향이 반대이기 때문에, 교차점에 두 주입구에서 온 유선들 간의 접촉은 최소화 되었다. 그러므로 전자의 경우에서는 높은 Pe에서도 용질의 혼합이, 후자에서는 낮은 Pe에서도 유선경로에 따른 용질의 이동이 나타났다. 따라서 Pe < 1의 경우, 완전혼합모델이 지배적인 것으로 알려졌지만, 교차각이 150°인 경우 교차점에서 혼합뿐만이 아니라 일부는 유선의 경로를 따라 유출구로 유출되었다. 전반적으로 Pe가 0.1 - 100에서 완전혼합모델에서 유선경로모델로의 전이가 나타났지만, 이는 교차각에 따라 크게 달라진다. 교차각이 클수록(≧ 150°) Pe가 0.1 - 10에서, 교차각이 작을수록(≦ 30°) Pe가 10 - 100에서 전이가 발생하였다. Pe > 100에서는 교차각과 상관없이 유선경로모델이 더 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. Pe > 1,000에서는 교차각이 150°이상인 경우에만 100% 유선경로모델이 나타나며, 교차각이 150°미만인 경우 유선경로모델이 지배적이지만 여전히 교차점에서 용질의 혼합이 발생하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1998

The paper presents the mechanism of secondary flows and the associated total pressure losses occurring in turbine cascades with turning angle of about 127 and 77 degree. Velocity and pressure measurements are taken in seven traverse planes through the cascade passage using a prism type five hole probe. Oil-film flow visualization is also conducted on blade and endwall surfaces. The characteristics of the limiting streamlines show that the three dimensional separation is an important flow feature of endwall and blade surfaces. The larger turning results in much stronger contribution of the secondary flows to the loss developing mechanism. A large part of the endwall loss region at downstream pressure side is found to be very thin when compared to that of the cascade inlet and suction side endwall. Evolution of overall loss starts quite early within the cascade and the rate of the loss growth is much larger in the blade of large turning angle than in the blade of small turning angle.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2009

In this paper, the fluid flow behavior past a pair of rectangular cylinders placed in a two dimensional horizontal channel has been investigated using Lattice-Boltzmann Method(LBM). The LBM has built up on the D2Q9 model and the single relaxation time method called the Lattice-BGK(Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook)model. Streamlines, velocity, vorticity and pressure contours are provided to analyze the important characteristics of the flow field for a wide range of non dimensional parameters that present in our simulation. Special attention is paid to the effect of spacing(d) between two cylinders and the blockage ratio A(=h/H), where H is the channel height and h is the rectangular cylinder height. for different Reynolds numbers. The first cylinder is called upstream cylinder and the second one as downstream cylinder. The downstream fluid flow fields have been more influenced by its blockage ratios(A) and Reynolds numbers(Re) whereas the upstream flow patterns(in front of downstream cylinder) by the gap length(d) between two cylinders. Moreover, it is observed that after a certain gap, both upstream and downstream flow patterns are almost similar size and shape. The simulation result has been compared with analytical solution and it is found to be in excellent agreement.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2008

KSLV-I의 상단부 킥모터의 정확한 성능예측을 위해서 슬래그 적층량을 예측하였다. 수치해석의 타당성을 확인하기 위해 KM 4호기의 질유량에 대한 시험값을 비교하였다. 비행중 KM 슬래그 적층해석을 위해 각 시점별 내부유동 현상을 해석하였다 알루미늄 액적의 궤적을 통해 슬래그가 모터 내부에 적층되는 현상을 나타내었다. 유동현상 및 액적의 적층현상을 Flunet 6.3을 사용해서 수치해석을 수행하였다. 슬래그 적층량을 예측하는데 비행중의 가속도, 액적 출발점 위치, 액적의 크기 등에 대한 영향을 분석하였고 이를 고려하여 총 슬래그 양을 예측하였다. 이 예측값을 지상시험 결과를 이용해서 예측되는 슬래그양과 비교하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2007

Here we demonstrate complex transient behavior of viscoelastic liquid described numerically with the Leonov model in straight and contraction channel flow domains. Finite element and implicit Euler time integration methods are employed for spatial discretization and time marching. In order to stabilize the computational procedure, the tensor-logarithmic formulation of the constitutive equation with SUPG and DEVSS algorithms is implemented. For completeness of numerical formulation, the so called traction boundaries are assigned for flow inlet and outlet boundaries. At the inlet, finite traction force in the flow direction with stress free condition is allocated whereas the traction free boundary is assigned at the outlet. The numerical result has illustrated severe forward-backward fluctuations of overall flow rate in inertial straight channel flow ultimately followed by steady state of forward flow. When the flow reversal occurs, the flow patterns exhibit quite complicated time variation of streamlines. In the inertialess flow, it takes much more time to reach the steady state in the contraction flow than in the straight pipe flow. Even in the inertialess case during startup contraction flow, quite distinctly altering flow patterns with the lapse of time have been observed such as appearing and vanishing of lip vortices, coexistence of multiple vortices at the contraction comer and their merging into one.

• 물과 미래
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-291
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• 1988

2차원 흐름이 원주주위를 지날 때 발생하는 흐름의 변화가 기본방정식인 연속방정식과 운동량방정식에 의하여 수치적으로 해석된다. 수치해석 과정은 기본방정식에 유함수, 와도 및 흐름의 특성을 나타내는 무차원 매개변수를 도입하여 무차원 유함수-와소수송식을 유도한 후, successive over relaxation scheme과 alternating direct implicit scheme으로 수행된다. 수치실험은 레이놀즈수 125-275를 기존의 수치해석에서는 주로 수치실험 결과와 비교한다. 원주표면의 압력을 구하는 방법에 있어서 기존의 수치해석에서는 주로 방사 운동량방정식만을 사용하였으나, 본 논문에서는 기존의 방법외에 방사 운동량방정식 및 접선 운동량방정식에 의해 압력을 계한하고, 두 값을 비교하여 레이놀즈수에 따른 압력을 구하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 와도의 분포를 도시하여 원주에 의한 후류의 영향을 받지 않는 외부경계의 한계를 새로이 설정한다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2016

A two-dimensional Stokes flow past a circular disk in a circular tube is analyzed. The circular disk is located coaxially with the circular tube and the Hagen-Poiseuille flow exists at upstream and downstream far from the circular disk. The Stokes approximation is used and the flow is investigated analytically by using the method of eigenfunction expansion and the method of least square. From the analysis, the stream function and the pressure of the flow field are obtained, and the streamlines and pressure distribution are shown. Also, the pressure and shear stress distributions on the circular disk and circular tube wall are calculated, and shown for some typical radii of the circular disk. The additional pressure drop induced by the disk and the drag force exerted on the disk are compared as functions of the radius of the circular disk, and it is shown that the shear force on the wall of the tube increases due to the disk.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1346-1354
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• 2002

The purpose of this work is to study the effects of specularly reflecting wall under the combined radiative and laminar free convective heat transfer in an infinite square duct. An absorbing and emitting gray medium is enclosed by the opaque and diffusely emitting walls. The walls may reflect diffusely or specularly. Boussinesq approximation is used for the buoyancy term. The radiative heat transfer is evaluated using the direct discrete ordinates method. The parameters under considerations are Rayleigh number, conduction to radiation parameter, optical thickness, wall emissivity and reflection mode. The differences caused by the reflection mode on the stream line, and temperature distribution and wall heat fluxes are studied. Some differences are observed for the categories mentioned above if the order of the conduction to radiation parameter is less than order of 10$\^$-3/ fer the range of Rayleigh number studied. The differences at the side wall heat flux distributions are observed as long as the medium is optically thin. As the top wall emissivity decreases, the differences between these two modes are increased. As the optical thickness decreases at the fixed wall emissivity, the differences also increase. The difference of the streamlines or the temperature contours is not as distinct as the side wall heat flux distributions. The specular reflection may alter the fluid motion.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.3135-3147
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• 1993

A numerical method is presented which can solve the steady flow and heat transfer from a rotating and heated circular cylinder in a uniform flow for a range of Reynolds number form 5 to 100. The steady response of the flow and heat transfer is simulated for various spin parameter. The effects on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics known as lift, drag and heat transfer coefficient are analyzed and the streamlines, velocity vectors, vorticity, temperature distributions around it were scrutinized numerically. As spin parameter increases the region of separation vortex becomes smaller than upper one and the lower region will vanish. The lift force, a large part is due to the pressure force, increases as the Reynolds number and it increases linearly as spin parameter increases. The pressure coefficient changes rapidly with spin parameter on the lower surface of the cylinder and the vorticity is sensitive to the spin parameter near separation region. As spin parameter increases the maximum heat coefficient and the thin thermal layer on front region are moved to direction of rotation. However, with balance between the local increase and decrease, the overal heat transfer coefficient is almost unaffected by rotation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2006

The three-dimensional RANS equations were applied to analyze the flow field of a submarine. To validate the code, the DARPA SUBOFF bare hull and an eliipsoid at angles of attack of $10^{\circ}\;and\;30^{\circ}$ were simulated and good agreement with experiments was obtained. After the code validation, the flows over the full configuration of DARPA SUBOFF model having a fairwater and four stern appendages were simulated at four angles of attack $(0^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ})$ and three yaw angles $(10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ})$ Specifically, the pressure contours and streamlines of fairwater and stern appendage were compared as the angle of attack and yaw angle changed. The variations of hydrodynamic forces were also calculated.