• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of the urban stream investigation on elementary school students' environmental conservation awareness. The urban stream investigation was applied to the experimental group and the control group has been taught by the traditional teaching method focused on the teacher's lecture. To analyze the effect of urban stream investigation, the pre- and post-tests on environmental conservation awareness composed of interest in living things, perception about water pollution and environmental conservation were applied to the both groups. The results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. As a result, there were not significant difference between the experimental and the control group in the pretest(p>.05). In the post-tests on the student's interest in living things, perception about water pollution and environmental conservation the scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(p<0.05). Therefore, the urban stream investigation made a positive effect on improving of elementary school students' environmental conservation awareness.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 1998

A survey on the incidence of metacercariae infection of Clonorchis sinensis in the fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora parva which is well known as the second intermediate host for this fluke was carried out in the upper stream of Phoung-tack stream, Kyungki province during the period of October to November 1997. Forty fish in P. parva were collected by netting, or using the bait in transparent bowls from the two different districts located in Osung-myun, Phoungtack-gun and transported to the laboratory. The body length and weight were measured. They were from 5.0 to 7.6 cm in length and 1.0 to 5.0 g in weight. A total of 40 P. parva were divided 3 groups by the size (70-79, 60-69 and 50-59 mm) and were digested by artificial digestion with pepsin-Hcl solution in a 36$\circ$C incubator and then examined the infection density of metacercariae of the fresh water fish under a binocular dissecting microscope. The incidence of metacercariae infection in P. parva was 406 of 40 examined and the metacercariae detection rate showed 77.5%. The average number of metacercariae detected in P. parva was 10.2. The results of the survey indicate that Clonorchis sinensis infection may occur by consuming raw fresh water fish caught from the upper stream of Phoungtackho, Kyungki province.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.507-522
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• 2015

In this study, some of the model verification results of STREAM (Spatio-Temporal River-basin Ecohydrology Analysis Model), a newly-developed hybrid watershed model, are presented for the runoff processes of nonpoint source pollution. For verification study of STREAM, the model was applied to a test watershed and a sensitivity analysis was also carried out for selected parameters. STREAM was applied to the Mankyung River Watershed to review the applicability of the model in the course of model calibration and validation against the stream flow discharge, suspended sediment discharge and some water quality items (TOC, TN, TP) measured at the watershed outlet. The model setup, simulation and data I/O modules worked as designed and both of the calibration and validation results showed good agreement between the simulated and the measured data sets: NSE over 0.7 and $R^2$ greater than 0.8. The simulation results also include the spatial distribution of runoff processes and watershed mass balance at the watershed scale. Additionally, the irrigation process of the model was examined in detail at reservoirs and paddy fields.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.491-506
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• 2015

Distributed models represent watersheds using a network of numerous, uniform calculation units to provide spatially detailed and consistent evaluations across the watershed. However, these models have a disadvantage in general requiring a high computing cost. Semi-distributed models, on the other hand, delineate watersheds using a simplified network of non-uniform calculation units requiring a much lower computing cost than distributed models. Employing a simplified network of non-uniform units, however, semi-distributed models cannot but have limitations in spatially-consistent simulations of hydrogeochemical processes and are often not favoured for such a task as identifying critical source areas within a watershed. Aiming to overcome these shortcomings of both groups of models, a hybrid watershed model STREAM (Spatio-Temporal River-basin Ecohydrology Analysis Model) was developed in this study. Like a distributed model, STREAM divides a watershed into square grid cells of a same size each of which may have a different set of hydrogeochemical parameters reflecting the spatial heterogeneity. Like many semi-distributed models, STREAM groups individual cells of similar hydrogeochemical properties into representative cells for which real computations of the model are carried out. With this hybrid structure, STREAM requires a relatively small computational cost although it still keeps the critical advantage of distributed models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.102-119
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• 2004

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Bokha stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into five types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) A pool connected to the main stream has a certain water depth (about 80 cm) and is disturbed at least 5 to 6 times a year. Although the pool has a somewhat bad water quality, it provides a habitat for various types of young fish. 2) A meander riffle is about 15 cm deep, the flow velocity in the region is about 75 cm/s. This region does not have large structures to which aquatic insects can attach, so it cannot be used as a spawning ground. 3) A rock type pool is about 60 cm deep, the flow velocity in the meander riffle is about 25 cm/s. In this region, many aquatic insects attached to large structures appear. Due to various riparian vegetation, the rock type pool is used as a habitat for aquatic insects. 4) A pool which is only connected to the main stream during floods has a bad water quality. Despite of its relatively small size, it has a high population density of aquatic insects. faculty.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.443-447
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• 2000

Chonan and Asan city have been a focal point due to rapid development as the first station for Express Railroad and key cities West Coast Development Region. Gokgyo stream adjacent to the cities plays an important role as a drainage channel for an agriculture and a discharger of urban storm water. Waster quality of the stream has been deteriorating caused by pollution sources such as a untreated wastewater discharge and runoff from the watershed. In the study, we conducted 4 surveys in April, May, July, and September to understand the current state of water quality for the stream and to make it possibe to predict future water-quality variation for future development. The system runs on a personal computer under the windows enviroment and provides extensive graphic user interface(GUI) for user-friendly assessment. Using the pull-down menus provided by the GUI panel, the user is able to operate the system by pointing and clicking the icon to identify the state of water-quality at locations concerned. Furthermore, we developed an integrated watershed management system. The constructed system could be a useful tool as a decesion maker for pollution source control strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

Many plans of ecologic streams are developed and performed in several regions. In spite of obtaining of instream water is most important problem to composite an ecologic stream, assessment methods for instream water are too various to estimate an optimal result. This study shows practical assessment method which add regional needs such as stream view and necessary water quality level to the traditional method considering water shortage, water quality, ecologic system and necessary flows. It also shows a feasibility of instream water obtaining project in Daejeon city.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.2 s.103
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• pp.200-207
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• 2003

This research was conducted to investigate the influences caused by solifluction soil on the physicochemistry of stream water quality in the riparian area: four points of the northeastern side slopes part of the Bughansan National Park from March to May of 2002. The average pH of stream water was relatively high with the influenced of solifluction soil. The average electrical conductivity of upstream water was 2.1${\sim}$2.8 times lower than that in downstream water. pH and amount of anion ($Cl^-,\;N0_3\;^-, So_4\;^{2-}$) of stream water was correlated under the effect of solifluction soil.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.385-399
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze long term temporal trends of water chemistry and spatial heterogeneity for 83 sampling sites of Geum-River watershed using water quality dataset during 2003~2007 (obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea). The water quality, based on multi-parameters of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and electric conductivity (EC), largely varied depending on the landuse patterns, years and seasons. The watershed was classified into three different landuse types: forest stream (Fo), agricultural stream (Ag), and urban stream (Ur). Largest seasonal variabilities in most parameters occurred during the two months of July to August and these were closely associated with large spate of summer monsoon rain. Conductivity, used as a key indicator for an ionic dilution during rainy season, and nutrients of TN and TP had inverse functions of precipitation. BOD, COD decrease during the rainy season. Minimum values in the conductivity, TN, and TP were observed during the summer monsoon, indicating an ionic and nutrient dilution of river water by the rainwater. In contrast, major inputs of suspended solids (SS) occurred during the period of summer monsoon. The landuse patterns analyses, based on the variables of BOD, COD, TN, TP and SS, showed that the values were greater in the agricultural stream (Ag) than in the forest stream (Fo) and urban stream (Ur) and that water quality was worst in the urban stream (Ur). The overall dataset suggest that efficient water quality management, especially in Gap-Stream and Miho-Stream, which showed worst water quality is required along with some of urban stream (Ur), based on the analysis of landuse patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

This study was performed in order to identify the red tide-causing organism and to understand the characteristics of the water quality during the winter of 2015 and 2016 in the Oncheon stream, a tidal river in Busan, where red tide often occurs in the wintertime. Two sites were selected on the stream and the surface water was sampled a total of 28 times during the experimental period. Twelve water quality characteristics, including water temperature, pH, DO, COD, total-N (T-N), total-P (T-P), and salinity were analyzed in order to test water quality. The cell numbers of cryptomonads were counted directly by microscopic observation. The nucleotide sequences of the partial 28S rRNA gene and psbA gene from metagenomic DNA, derived from each sampling site, were analyzed. According to the results, the alga most responsible for the bloom was identified as Teleaulax OC1 sp., which belongs to the cryptomonads. Three items of chl-a, pH, and DO were positively correlated with the cell numbers of the cryptomonads counted at the upper stream of the tidal area (St 1) while eight items of chl-a, TOC, BOD, total-N, COD, SS, pH, and DO were positively correlated with the cells located at the junction between the stream and Su-young river (St 2) in the order.