• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.328-340
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• 2008

This study examined the characteristics of furniture design in the early Modernism that occurred in the early 20th Century through the relationship with modern arts. The furniture design of the early Modernism was established in the early 20th Century based on the simplicity and honesty of the Art and Crafts Movement and Anti-Historicism in Art Nouveau. During this period, the necessity of mass production became critical due to the radical industrialization and new social demands. In such periodic stream, the furniture design of the early modernism pursued simplicity and geometric beauty based on functionalism. The efforts to discover the fundamental structure of furniture were intensified. It was not limited to furniture design but was also exercised in the huge periodic transformation that progressed in every field of art including architecture. The Modernism art has also been connected to Cubism and spread into an abstract direction. While questioning the potential essence and progressing the study on genuine characteristics, the Modernism art tried to return things into their substantial looks and reorganize them conceptually, rather than reproducing external objects. The furniture that was secondary to a part of architecture and interior accessory transcended its decorative purpose. It pursued the structure to follow its fundamental purpose as furniture. Such tendency corresponded to the direction that Post-Modernism followed. Likewise, both art and design had the revivable and abstract characteristics based on the identical objective in ideology. For this reason, the formative and geometric characteristics of the early modernism furniture design have a mutual relationship with modern arts. Particularly, such tendency intensified and progressed through the Bauhaus in Germany. Based on such facts, this study proved that the early Modernism furniture design in the 20th Century tended to appear in common arts including the art and design according to the social demand of the huge periodic stream. Furthermore, the ideology that was adopted in art and design, as well as its formative characteristics, was examined through the mutual relationship of modern arts and design.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2011

The goal of water quality management on stream and watershed is to focus not on discharged loads management but on a water quality management. Discharged loads management is not goal of water quality management but way for perform with total maximum daily loads management. It is necessary to estimate the relation between non-point source with stromwater runoff (NPSSR) and water quality to select a watershed where it is required to manage NPSSR for water quality improvement. To evaluate the effects of NPSSR on stream's water quality, we compare the aspects of water quality in dry and wet seasons using flow duration curve analysis based on flow rate variation data by actual surveying. In this study we attempt to quantify the variation characteristic of water quality and estimate the Inflow characteristic of pollution source with water quality and flow rate monitoring on 10 watersheds. We try to estimate water quality and flow rate by regression analysis and try again regression analysis with each high and low water quality data more than estimations. An analysis of relation between water quality and flow rate of 10 watersheds shows that the water quality of the Nonsan and the Ganggyeong streams had been polluted by NPSSR pollutants. Other eight streams were important point source more than NPSSR. It is wide variation range of $BOD_5$ also high average concentration of $BOD_5$. We have to quantify water quality variation by cv1 in wet season and cv365 in dry season with comparing the estimate of high water quality and low water quality. This method can be used to indicator for water quality variation according to flow rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2002

A Research of binary random sequence generator that uses a linear shift register had been studied since the 1970s. These generators were used in stream cipher. In general, the binary random sequence generator consists of linear shift registers that generate sequences of maximum period and a nonlinear filter function or a nonlinear combination function to generate a sequence of high linear complexity. Therefore, To generate a sequence that have long period as well as high linear complexity becomes an important factor to estimate safety of stream cipher. Usually, the maximum period of the sequence generated by a linear feedback shift register with L resistors is less than or equal to $2^L$-1. In this paper, we propose new binary random sequence generator that consist of L registers and 2 sub-characteristic polynomials. According to an initial state vector, the least period of the sequence generated by the proposed generator is equal to or ions than it of the sequence created by the general linear feedback shift register, and its linear complexity is increased too.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2015

Our goal is to verify how changes in water's hydraulic characteristics after urban regeneration stream can affect any possible transformation of its thermal environment. To that end, we analyzed changes in numerous physical characteristics the subject stream along with the meteorological factors and thermal environment affected by it. Cheonggyecheon was selected as our subject as it is a great example of successful urban regeneration stream. As for physical characteristics, we allocated Type I (0.0%) and Type II (20.2%), depending on the green coverage ratio. As for numerical characteristics, at the point of Ba in which the riffle ends, the water temperature fell by $0.2^{\circ}C$ and the flow increased from 0.7m/s to 0.9 m/s with the dissolved oxygen increasing from 0.5mg/L to 0.6mg/L. As for meteorological factors surrounding the subject stream, the temperature dropped from $1.1^{\circ}C$ to $1.4^{\circ}C$ on average and relative humidity increased from 6.6% to 8.7%. Furthermore, there was an irregular change in wind velocity. According to the result of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the change in the values of Type I and II inside and on the surface of the subject stream was negligible. The downstream temperature in Type I fell from $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$ and by $0.8^{\circ}C$ in Type II. As for vertical cooling effect, the change of water level was 120cm in Type I and 140cm in Type II. As for horizontal cooling effects, the value of Type I was increased from the point of Ba where the riffle ends and the value of Type II was on a steady decline.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.564-594
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• 2008

For this study, which was conducted in summer from $2006{\sim}2007$, 25 places of stream area in Korea, which were not affected by human, were selected by considering variable environmental factors. Plant surveys were performed in five qaudrats per each place of stream area(stream length=about 1km) on the basis of Braun-Blanquet(1964) and in four belt(length=20m) per each place of stream area by using belt-transect method in order to study the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water. In the results of the plant survey, the common plant communities in the mid-northern district(latitude$37^{\circ}37.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla community(with Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena), and the common plant communities in the southern district(latitude$35^{\circ}35.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Styrax japonica community and Quercus variabilis community. The common plant communities in the central district(latitude$36^{\circ}36.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Quercus aliena community, which have the middle characteristic between mid-northern and southern district. Also, in the results of correlation analysis between environmental factors and appearance of plant species in the survey places of stream area, Eco region showed the most significant correlation, but for the plan to restore flood plain, it is necessary to clarify the vegetation of potential natural stream by increasing the number of study cases considering variable environmental factors, in the future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

The design instruction put in the wood structure construction manual of forest engineering works issued in Japan in 2004 is composed of the introduction, the use and characteristic of wood, investigation, planning, design, and etc. of wood structures. We analyzed the introduction, the use and characteristic of wood, investigation and planning for wood structures. By the results. the contents on the characteristic of wood are shown about physical and chemical properties of wood, the environmental influence, psychological and physiological effects, and rot of wood. The investigation items include the effective degree by flow and insolation, white ant's genital existence, flow conditions of surface water and ground water, situations of flora and fauna to live in mountain stream, the condition of water use, and etc. Also, the contents for the planning are explained for the structure, installation features. treatments, use of wood and lumber in the regions, preservative treatment, and etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.210-215
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study are to develop the simulation(Tank model, Rainfall-runoff model) for the estimation of wily river discharge and for evaluation of wily pollutant loads from the watersheds of the objected basin area. As apply this constructed Tank model to Nakdong river region, we evaluated the wily river discharge of Nakdong river from use-land conditions, precipitation and evaporation data of 3 years(from 1998 to 2000) and investigate the seasonal fluctuation of SS, COD, TN, TP inflowing into Nakdong river. The result shows that summer has high pollutant level than winter in seasonal characteristic and the down stream has high pollutant level than the upper stream. The annual average of SS, COD, TN, TP flawing in Nakdong river(Samranjin) was estimated each 691ton-COD/year, 1854.2ton-SS/year, 382.8ton-TN/year and 13.0ton- TP/year.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.416-429
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• 2011

Most of precedent studies related to hip hop culture and fashion, which have been conducted till now were progressed under only theoretical background of hiphop, not the changed status of hiphop currently. Practical studies explaining the status of hip hop in popular culture, especially, the area of popular fashion are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted by focusing on cultural characteristics and musical characteristics by the stream of period, for which concept hip hop is accepted to people currently and which effect it makes on the area of fashion. Especially, the study was progressed by dividing periodical background into before and after the 2000s because there was the most noticeable change for the genre of hip hop in that period. Because of the appearance of 'Alternative hip hop' which is a sub-genre of hip hop music, hip hop music was changed to be more popular. Also, hip hop fashion also showed big changes. Hip hop fashion before 2000s had showed poor conditions, resistance, complex and alienation of them by their fashion. On the other hand, hip hop fashion after 2000s also showed popular characteristics because of high-level environment and social status. This study intended to understand and grasp hip hop as a kind of cultural situation coexisted by many-sided characteristics as well as redefine the changed concept and contents of new hip hop currently.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2010

To study the relationship between the concentrations of nitrogen in mountain streams, and anthropologic and natural factors, the water chemistry of the mountain streams in the entire Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, were investigated. A thousand mountain streams were investigated between 1998 and 2001. The concentrations of nitrate nitrogen ranged from 2.92 to 0.1 mg/L, with an arithmetic mean value of 0.45 mg/L. A number of streams showing more than 1.0 mg/L of nitrate nitrogen accounted for 8% of the mountain streams investigated. These results indicated that the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in the mountain streams were low in the entire Hyogo Prefecture. In general, the mountain stream water in Hyogo Prefecture appears to not have been affected by wet and dry deposition originating from anthropologic sources in mountain streams and Japan. On the other hand, sites with more than 0.8 mg/L nitrate nitrogen were distributed over the entire Hyogo Prefecture, which were classified into five groups. Each group showed unique geographical, geological and anthropological characteristics. No common characteristic among five groups were discover. These results suggest that the cause of high concentrations of nitrogen in mountain streams is not from a uniform set of conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand imperviousness impact for the characteristics of stormwater runoff and water temperature. The land-use map was used to estimate the watershed imperviousness(percent of impermeable area) and the RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was used to evaluate the stormwater runoff of watershed. This study was investigated for two streams(Jiam and Gongji) in Chunchon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; The imperviousness(%) of two watersheds(Jiam and Gongji) estimated by spatial analysis which is main function of GIS were 0.24% and 24.16%. So, Gongji watershed as urban area was about 100 times than jiam watershed as forest area. In case of rainfall of low intensity, stormwater runoff flowrate in higher imperviousness area(Gongji) was more than it in forest area(jiam). Also, The time to peak flowrate(Tp) was short in Gongji stream and the water temperature difference between Gongji and Jiam stream was about $4.4^{\circ}C$ in summer.