• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.152-152
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• 2019

This study demonstrates a novel approach of remotely sensed estimates of stream flow at fifteen hydrological station in the Han River Basin, Korea. Multi-temporal data of the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 SAR satellite from 19 January, 2015 to 25 August, 2018 is used to develop and validate the flow estimation model for each station. The flow estimation model is based on a power law relationship established between the remotely sensed surface area of water at a selected reach of the stream and the observed discharge. The satellite images were pre-processed for thermal noise, radiometric, speckle and terrain correction. The difference in SAR image brightness caused by the differences in SAR satellite look angle and atmospheric condition are corrected using the histogram matching technique. Selective area filtering is applied to identify the extent of the selected stream reach where the change in water surface area is highly sensitive to the change in stream discharge. Following this, an iterative procedure called the Optimum Threshold Classification Algorithm (OTC) is applied to the multi-temporal selective areas to extract a series of water surface areas. It is observed that the extracted water surface area and the stream discharge are related by the power law equation. A strong correlation coefficient ranging from 0.68 to 0.98 (mean=0.89) was observed for thirteen hydrological stations, while at two stations the relationship was highly affected by the hydraulic structures such as dam. It is further identified that the availability of remotely sensed data for a range of discharge conditions and the geometric properties of the selected stream reach such as the stream width and side slope influence the accuracy of the flow estimation model.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.695-703
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• 2013

Soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio(SDR) were estimated by using HSPF model in 3 tributaries of upper stream of Geum river-basin. Meteorological data and other input data were constructed from 2006 to 2011 year by the HSPF model. Flow and suspended solid results were relatively matched with the measurement data through the calibration and validation of the model. Soil erosion was proportional to the amount of rainfall and the area of watershed based on the results of model calibration and validation. SDR in Moojunamdea stream was the highest and one in Cho stream was the lowest. This was effected by the geographical characteristic. SDR was 17.6% Moojunamdea stream, 9.1% Cho stream and 13.2 % Bocheong stream. As the SDR was effected by watershed area and shape factor in this study area.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1994

A study of stream pollution caused by construction of the Industrial Complex in Agricultural Area of Chung Chong Nam Do were descrived here. The five main results of this studies are summerized. First, since 1988, among the companies moved in the industrial complex area, the number of electric and electronic companies have increased compared with food companies requiring much BOD. This Is very desirable to reduce the water pollution. Second, the average Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) of Masan stream was the highest and it was decreased in the order of Yudug, Jo and Jungan stream. Third, although the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd and C $r^{6+}$ are not off the limit and the amount of it is small, it is desirable to introduce a chemical process to remove these metals. Fourth, since the wastewater from industrial complex area is the major factor in stream pollution, the laws associated with environmental protection should be enforced even then if the Industrial complex area with food and chemical companies produce wastewater less than 500ton/day. Fifth, it is required to improve a facilities which separete living wastewater from inderstrial wastewater In Kaya-gok and Nojang industrial complex areas.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1996

유역의 하천형태학적 특성은 그 유역의 수문 및 수리학적특성과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 본연구는 우리나라 중부지방의 중소하천에 대한 계획하폭을 산정하는 공식을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 계획홍수량과 유역면적 및 하천연장의 자료로서 하폭을 얻는데 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. : (1) 계획홍수량(Q)과 하폭(B)의 관계로 나타낸 하폭식은 $B=1.532A^{0.644.}$; (2) 유역면적(A)과 하폭(B)과의 관계로 나타낸 하폭식은 $B=12.392A^{0.511}$; (3) 하천연장(L)과 하폭(B)과의 관계로 나타낸 하폭식은 $B=10.509l^{0.852}$.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

This study is to trace the change of stream shape using the past series of aerial photographs, and to compare the land use changes of riparian area along the stream. For the Gyeongan national stream, aerial photographs of 1966, 1981 and 2000 were selected and ortho-photographs were made with interior orientation and exterior orientation, respectively. Apparent changes of the stream were found that the consolidated reaches of stream by levee construction became straight together with widening of their stream widths. Especially the stream width of inlet part of Paldang lake widened almost twice because of the rise of water level by dam construction in 1974. The land use of riparian areas of three selected years were classified into six categories (water, forest, agricultural land, urban area, road, sandbar) by digitizing method. The forest and agricultural lands decreased and urban area increased as the stream maintenance had been performed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.292-303
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial restoration of Hampyeong Stream and to analyze the determinants of demand for the multi-functionalities of the stream. A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to estimate the multi-functional public benefits of restored stream area, and major determinants were scrutinized by establishing a demand model. The research data was collected by conducting a survey intended for Hampyeong's local residents, resulting in 284 valid samples. In terms of determinants that affect willingness to pay (WTP), 'physical factor of waterfront area' and 'experience factor of stream space' showed a significantly positive influence on WTP. As a result of applying a double-bounded CVM, the willingness to pay for the restored Hampyeong Stream area indicated a potential contribution of 22,523 won (17,362~27,459 won, 95% confidence interval). When multiplying the number of households in Hampyeong-gun, the total annual value of Hampyeong Stream spatial restoration is approximately 302million won.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.315-333
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 대전지역 주요 도심하천인 갑천, 유등천, 대전천을 대상으로 하천수의 수리화학적 특성과 산소, 수소, 황, 탄소 동위원소 특성을 분석하였다. 하천수 시료는 풍수기와 갈수기 2차례 채취되었다. 하천의 수리화학적 특성은 상류에서는 Ca(Mg)-$HCO_3$ 유형을 보이다가 도심권을 통과하면서 Ca(Mg)-$SO_4(Cl)$유형으로 전이되고 하류에서는 Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$(Cl, $SO_4$) 유형으로 변하였다. 이와 같은 화학적 유형의 변화는 자연적 영향뿐만 아니라 하수처리장의 방류수와 인위적 오염물질의 유입에 의한 영향이 관여된 것으로 해석된다. 전반적으로 풍수기에 비해 갈수기에 하천수의 전기전도도 값이 높은 특성을 보여준다. 갑천하류는 하수종말처리장의 방류수가 합류되면서 수질이 급격하게 변화한다. 하천수의 pH는 상류에서 중성을 보이다가 도심권을 지나면서 최고 pH 9.8의 고알카리성을 보인다. 이는 현장조사결과 아파트의 우수관을 통한 세제 유입에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 하천수의 산소-수소 동위원소 관계식은 ${\delta}D=6.45{\delta}^{18}O-7.4$으로 Craig의 순환수선보다 다소 하향 이동되어 도시된다. 이는 기단의 변화와 하천수의 표면 증발 효과에 의한 것으로 보인다. 뿐만 아니라, 상-하류사이에 고도효과를 반영하는 동위원소 조성 값의 차이를 보여준다. 하천수의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값은 $-19.5{\sim}-7.8%o$ 범위로 대기중 이산화탄소와 유기물 기원의 범위에 해당된다. 전반적으로 하천수의 상류에서 하류로 향할수록 ${\delta}^{13}C$값이 높아지므로 $CO_2$의 기원이 상류에서는 주로 유기물기원에서 도심권에서는 오염된 대기와 지하수의 기저유출로 인한 무기기원의 비율이 높아지기 때문으로 해석된다. ${\delta}^{34}S-SO_4$함량 관계도에서 하천수를 4개 그룹(갑천중 상류, 유등천, 대전천, 갑천하류)으로 구분하였다. 황산염의 농도는 갑천중상류<유등천<대전천<갑천하류의 순서로 높아지는 반면 ${\delta}^{34}S$값은 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 이는 하천별 황산염의 증가에 따른 공급원이 다르다는 것을 의미한다. 하천수내 황의 기원은 대기기원을 중심으로 황산염의 농도가 높아질수록 황철석의 영향이 큰 것으로 해석된다. 그러나 하천수에 유입되는 생활하수 등에 대한 황동위원소 자료가 없으므로 이에 대한 영향에 대해서는 향후 연구되어야할 과제이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.2244-2248
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• 2008

This study was focused on estimated Stream Maintenance Flow and performed for simulate securing Stream Maintenance Flow in New town development area. Tributary streams were made of 6 small streams, joined Gong-ji Stream and Eu-am lake finally. For estimate Stream Maintenance Flow used Kajiyama and SWAT models for calculate available flow in study area. As a result the annual average stream flow dry years were $2,300{\sim}136,000\;m^/day3$, the annual average stream flow wet years were $4,800{\sim}136,031\;m^3/day$. The coefficient of determination($R^2$) and Nash-sutcliffe coefficient(EI) for comparison between Kajiyama and SWAT models were 0.88, 0.78 respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2001

Analysis of fish farm influences on stream water quality may provide basic informations on watershed management to reduce environmental impact due to fish farm development and to conserve stream water quality in forested watershed area. In this research stream water qualities around Mt. Baegun area were monitored seasonally for three years. Due to the increase of pH in effluent water from the fish farm it was believed that alkalization of stream water can be accelerated by large scale development of fish farms in the forested watershed area. As a result of regression analyses, the linear equation of pH of influent and effluent water of fish farm was, pH of effluent water of fish farm = $0.6234{\times}pH$ of influent water of fish farm + 2.6263. Also, the linear equation of electrical conductivity of influent and effluent water of fish farm was electrical conductivity of effluent water of fish farm = $1.7275{\times}$electrical conductivity of influent water of fish farm - 14.007. Negative effects on stream water quality were observed by indications of increase in electrical conductivity and water temperature of effluent water from the fish farm. Decreases in physicochemical indices such as the amount of dissolved oxygen, total amount of cation and total amount of anion in effluent water from the fish farm were also negative aspects in downstream ecology. It is recommended that water purification system as well as environmentally-friendly fish farm design should be incorporated to large scale fish farm development plan in forested watershed area.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.259-273
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• 2021

We conducted a study to investigate the characteristics of the carbon cycle of two streams (located in Shig a Prefecture, Japan), having similar size, namely, the Adokawa stream (length: 52 km, area: 305 km², watershed population: 8,000) and the Yasukawa stream (length: 62 km, area: 380 km², watershed population: 120,000), but with different degree of human activity. Samples were collected from these two streams at 14 (Adokawa stream) and 23 (Yasukawa stream) stations in the flowing direction. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and the stable carbon isotope ratio of DIC (δ¹³C-DIC) were measured in addition to the watershed features and the chemical variables of the stream water. The δ¹³C-DIC (-9.50 ± 2.54‰), DIC concentration (249 ± 76 µM), and electric conductivity (52 ± 13 µS/cm) in Adokawa stream showed small variations from upstream to downstream. However, the δ¹³C-DIC (-8.68 ± 2.3‰) upstream of Yasukawa stream was similar to that of Adokawa stream and decreased downstream (-12.13 ± 0.43‰). DIC concentration (upstream: 272 ± 89 µM, downstream: 690 ± 37 µM) and electric conductivity (upstream: 69 ± 17 µS/cm, downstream: 193 ± 37 µS/cm) were higher downstream than upstream of Yasukawa stream. The DIC concentration of Yasukawa stream was significantly correlated with watershed environmental variables, such as, watershed population density (r = 0.8581, p<0.0001, n = 23), and forest area percentage of the watershed (r = -0.9188, p<0.0001, n = 23). δ¹³C-DIC showed significant negative correlation with the DIC concentration (r = -0.7734, p<0.0001, n = 23), electric conductivity (r = -0.5396, p = 0.0079, n = 23), and watershed population density (r = -0.6836, p = 0.0003, n = 23). Our approach using a stable carbon isotope ratio suggests that DIC concentration and δ¹³C-DIC could be used as indicators for monitoring the health of stream ecosystems with different watershed characteristics.