• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

A myriad of information production channels and medium including internet, social media, and multi media channels emerged, often with conflicting interests, disseminate unwanted and inaccurate information which could result in sudden severe public relations damage to the global companies with world class products if not dealt with in the professional way. Properly crafted and managed public relations thus should become the integral part of all organizations. In particular online public relations leadership becomes even more important to public organizations responsible for national branding and interests and to private sectors expanding into the global markets. The research aims to increase global competitiveness of the pubic and exporters by presenting the online leadership strategy 101. For this purpose, locally produced web sites are analysed both from technical and global marketing perspectives. From the research all web sites were classified into three types of ghost, wreck, and moron. The 2012 research showed that 99% was moron, followed by 67% wreck and 1% ghost. The research presents must strategies for global public relations and marketing. They include strategic planning, public relation training, white hat search engine optimization, web standards, web accessibility, mobile web site and the inbound marketing strategies.

• Strategy21
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• s.31
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• pp.220-250
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• 2013

South Korean national security strategy should be developed to effectively handle and counter increasing maritime threats and challenges. There are three major maritime threats South Korea faces today; maritime disputes on the EEZ boundary and Dokdo islet issues, North Korean threats, and international maritime security. Maritime disputes in the region are getting intensified and turned into a military confrontation after 2010. Now regional countries confront each other with military and police forces and use economic leverage to coerce the others. They are very eager to create advantageous de facto situations to legitimize their territorial claims. North Korean threat is also increasing in the sea as we witnessed in the Cheonan incident and Yeonpyoung shelling in 2010. North Korea resorts to local provocations and nuclear threats to coerce South Korea in which it may enjoy asymmetric advantages. The NLL area of the west sea would be a main hot spot that North Korea may continue to make a local provocation. Also, South Korean national economy is heavily dependent upon foreign trade and national strategic resources such as oil are all imported. Without an assurance on the safety of sea routes, these economic activities cannot be maintained and expanded. This paper argues that South Korea should make national maritime strategy and enhance the strength of naval forces. As a middle power, its national security strategy needs to consider all the threats and challenges not only from North Korea but also to maritime security. This is not a matter of choice but a mandate for national survival and prosperity. This paper discusses the importance of maritime security, changing characteristics of maritime threats and challenges, regional maritime disputes and its threat to South Korea's security, and South Korea's future security strategy and ways to enhance the role of naval forces. Our national maritime strategy needs to show middle and long term policy directions on how we will protect our maritime interests. Especially, it is important to build proper naval might to carry out all the roles and missions required to the military.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.125-174
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of naval arms race in Northeast Asia. To this end, the scope of the research was limited to national security strategies, maritime strategies and naval strengthening of the United States, China, Russia and Japan. The major powers' active maritime strategies and naval arms race give some strategic implications to the Republic of Korea Navy as follows. First, China and Japan, unlike the past, are actively using submarines in offshore waters including the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the ROK Navy must successfully promote the Jangbogo-III-class submarine, which is currently constructed, and get a nuclear-powered submarine and P-8 MPA capable of long-range and long-time operations to enhance ASW capability. Second, North Korea's current building submarines capable of loading SLBMs and SLBMs are a new threat to the ROK Navy. The current building KAMD, which focuses on terminal phase defense, cannot effectively respond to North Korea's SLBMs and should be converted to a multi-layered defense system including SM-3 at a mid-course phase. Third, as China militarizes the South China Sea, the instability of the South China Sea is growing. Therefore, the ROK Navy should strengthen its maritime cooperation with the regional countries such as Japan and ASEAN navies to protect SLOC. In conclusion, the ROK Navy needs to build a strong naval power to keep in mind that the 21st century naval rivalry in Northeast Asia is accelerating. The navy must do one's best to protect national strategic and vital interests by strengthening cooperation with regional countries. South Korea is also accelerating its defense reforms in accordance with the pattern of future warfare and the ROK Navy do one's best to have a balanced naval capability capable of actively operating in the offshore waters.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-56
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• 2014

This paper reviews the most central analytical and methodological issues that arise in developing national STI strategies. First, an outline of the relationship between national innovation systems and the strategic dimension is presented. The paper shows that science, technology and innovation strategy are often used in different forms and that there is no common understanding yet of the actual meaning and coverage of these strategies. The paper develops the terminology from a discussion of different approaches towards company innovation processes analyzing their evolution in different socioeconomic environments and the role and impact of science, technology and innovation policy on company innovation processes. Based on this conceptual understanding the paper defines national science, technology, innovation, and STI strategy and explains the basic terminology. From these definitions, the strategic dimension including the impact on the stakeholders is discussed. It is shown that a major success factor for STI strategy development is the involvement of stakeholders to vary and extend their use of their portfolio of instruments. Moreover it becomes evident that stakeholders follow their own interests which aren't necessarily in the interest of the national STI strategies. The analysis shows advantages and disadvantages as well as potentials and limitations of different approaches to develop STI strategies in their ability to describe the reality of innovation processes and to allow conclusions about the relationship between innovation policy and the innovation processes implemented by companies. It is shown that knowledge of these limitations is an important factor to consider in designing consistent and coherent national STI policy which aims at supporting innovation eventually. Finally the paper concludes that the STI policy mix concept needs a more systemic development approach which is integrated in the national STI strategy development and implementation.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

In this study, we argue from the Resource-Based View and Signaling Theory that Independent and Corporate VC firms have Different Impacts on time to IPO due to their Different Interests, Motivations, and Resources. Independent VC firms are primarily Financial Oriented, but Corporate VC firms generally are Strategic in Orientation. The results of this study indicate that the time to IPO is differentiated between Corporate VC firms and Independent VC firms. The results show that Independent VC firms have shorter the time to IPO compared to the time to IPO of Corporate VC firms. In addition, this study suggests that it is necessary for firms to select a venture capital that suits their situation and secure a competitive advantage. Using a sample of 300 IPOs from 2010 to 2016, we found Support for the Hypotheses that Independent VC and Corporate VC Ownership are Positively Associated with Time to IPO, whereas Time to IPO of Corporate VC Ownership is Longer than that of Independent VC Ownership.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-108
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• 2023

As tension escalates between the US and China, scenarios for maintaining peace in Northeast Asia imply that secondary powers will perceive increasing incentives to reappraise their respective international roles. This analysis proposes that an analysis of France's Cold War role in Europe and the world under President Charles de Gaulle provides insights into conflict management in an increasingly multipolar international political environment. Their respective interests in preventing a so-called new Cold War emerging between the US and China include avoiding its excessive economic costs, if only because China is a massive trade partner. This study engages in theoretical framework-informed process tracing of de Gaulle's role. It explicates the assumptions that functionally underpinned de Gaulle's policy of soft balancing between the US and China. The analysis explores de Gaulle's contribution to the decay of the Cold War. It illuminates de Gaulle's contribution to a regional international environment that made West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik strategy more feasible politically. This study applies these findings in the formulation of strategy recommendations focusing on Japan. Valid inferences regarding the predominant motivations driving American and Chinese international interaction are necessary for this task. To the extent to which the US and China have entered into a conflict spiral, Japan's hedging towards Washington is further incentivized. Tokyo would necessarily need to convince the Chinese that Japan is no longer Washington's unsinkable aircraft carrier off its coast. Tokyo, like de Gaulle's France, would maintain close relations with Washington, but it would need to project to its interlocutors its commitment to its own strategic autonomy. Tokyo's emphasis on closer relations with liberal democratic Indo-Pacific actors would potentially fit well with a commitment to strategic autonomy to defend the global liberal order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2012

The oceans are the largest body of water geographical unit in the earth. In accordance with the general said of the international law, countries on the international law must have four elements: 1) settled residents; 2) determined territory; 3) a certain degree of government organizations; 4) the sovereignty. The country's basic rights are: 1) the right to independence; 2) the right to equal; 3) the right to jurisdiction; 4) the right to self-protection. UNCLOS as the only one of the "Constitution of the Earth" on the earth, the implementation of its entry into force make about 1/3 of the world's oceans should be assigned to the coastal states, in the use and management of ocean gave the coastal states the center jurisdiction, the coastal states' jurisdiction sphere had been expanded, the power comparison among all countries in the world had new changes. The ocean territory, like the land territory, is the most major material condition of a country. The ocean's strategic status is extremely important, is the important stage of the international political, economic and military struggle, there are many disputes about the rights and interests, resources and the development and utilization on the oceans. To resolve these disputes is bound to depend on a strong comprehensive national strength, including politics, economy, science and technology, as well as the powerful marine force, in which maritime police plays an important role.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.250-286
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• 2015

The main purpose of this article is to provide an understanding on current maritime issues in the Northeast Asia, and thereby help formulating the right strategy for our national security. The article summarizes core arguments in the recently published 『The 21^st Century Maritime Strategies in the Northeast Asia: Dilemma between Competition and Cooperation』. It will help readers to comprehend historical backgrounds as well as recent updates related to maritime issues and strategies in the region. Also, readers may find guidance to conceive their own maritime strategies for the Republic of Korea. Currently, the U.S. is shifting its focus from Atlantic to Pacific, and increasing its naval presence in Asia-Pacific region. Meanwhile, the 21^st century China views the maritime interests as the top priority in its national security and prosperity. PLA Navy's offensive maritime strategies and naval building such as aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines are unprecedented. Japan is another naval power in the region. During the Cold War JMSDF faithfully fulfilled the mission of deterring Soviet navy, and now it is doing its job against China. Lastly, Putin has been emphasizing to build the strong Russia since 2000, and putting further efforts to reinforce current naval capabilities of Pacific Fleet. The keyword in the naval and maritime relations among these powers can be summarized with "competition and cooperation." The recent security developments in the South China Sea(SCS) clearly represent each state's strategic motivations and movements. China shows clear and strong intention to nationalize the islands in SCS by building artificial facilities - possibly military purpose. Obviously, the U.S. strongly opposes China by insisting the freedom of navigation(FON) in international waters as recent USS-Lassen's FON operation indicate. The conflict between China and the U.S. surrounding the SCS seems to be heading towards climax as Russia and Japan are searching for their own national interests within the conflict. Also, the neighboring small and middle powers are calculating their own economic and security interests. This is no exception for us in establishing timely strategies to maximize our own national security. Hopefully, this article leads the readers to the right direction.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-55
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• 2004

Interests on Service Level Agreement(SLA), an immanence operating tool for managing the level of the information system service objectively and qualitatively, were raised among IT outsourcing service providers, outsourcers, and operating departments. Yet, only a few domestic conglomerates adopted the SLA, and exact usage of the SLA is currently unknown. Because of the importance of the SLA between a service recipient and a service provider, the agreement is treated with high confidentiality. This raised the problems to organizations which are considering the SLA but lack in the concrete guide line to internalize SLA management process. This study provides the process model of implementation for SLA by conducting multiple case research. The sampled companies are currently implementing the SLA over 1 year of usage period. Factors were used to provide the managerial contribution for implementing the SLA. To analyse the case samples, in-depth interview method was conducted for each sampled company. As a result, if SLA can be used as an immanence managerial tool and can be actively implemented, it will be an strategic tool for various decision making in IT management practice with long term relationship, better shared partnership, and continuous service improvement.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.132-139
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• 2005

Selling Environment is very important space in this era of sensitive consumption, which facilitates direct contacts with consumers. Interests of consumers in the 21st centuries, lie in the higher quality of life, and they wart to create their own lifestyle through purchasing of goods in the marketing environment. A company can hold dominant position in the changing marketing environment, in case it differentiate with other competing companies and keep consistencies of identity. Finishing materials of interior design elements, play an important role in making a visual images of department stores, and the usage of finishing materials transfers the images of department store to consumers This study aims to introduce theoretical backgrounds of interior materials composition, which provides important tools for decision of images of department stores, and also aims to propose design guidelines for interior finishing materials as an elements of visual marketing, through the case studies of major department stores. Depending on these intentions, present conditions of interior finishing materials are analyzed, and a fundamental planning directions of interior materials are proposed, as the strategic elements of a department visual marketing.