• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.449-454
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• 2006

We present a pressure sensor based on the mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) for detecting the multi-location strain variation. The theoretical analysis is performed using a graphic method for a weakly guiding step-index fiber. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In this study, from the fact that the optical parameters of a single-mode fiber slightly differ from manufacturing company to manufacturing company, the multipoint pressure-detection sensor systems composed two identical LPFGs are realized. When the pressure is applied two LPFG sensors at once, the resonance peaks are separated as much as about 40 nm. These types of sensor systems are well suited as a multipoint monitoring of strain or temperature in the ship or the smart structure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.761-767
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• 2007

We have developed novel optical-fiber sensors based on strain-induced long-period fiber gratings for monitoring the deformation of a hull. They have no external pressure for sustaining the mechanical formed gratings. The pressure, which provides a force to form the periodic grating along the single mode fiber, was realized by the bonding strength of a photopolymer. To reduce the polarization dependency of the sensors caused by the asymmetry structure of gratings, a Faraday Rotator Mirror (FRM) was utilized in this experiment. We have realized the polarization-insensitive function of the proposed sensors. The change of an external strain are measured by an optical spectrum analyzer. When the external stain increases. the attenuation at the resonant wavelength decreases and the loss peak was slightly shifted to the shorter wavelength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.202-203
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• 2005

we present a pressure sensor based on the mechanically formed long-period fiber gratings. The attenuation properties of an output power as a function of an external pressure is able to apply to the in-line fiber pressure sensors for the vessels.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2015

Transmission characteristics of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) fabricated by periodically etching a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) are investigated. After coating the SMF with photoresist, the cladding of the SMF is symmetrically and periodically removed by using a wet etching technique resulting in the formation of the LPFG. Tensile strain reinforces the coupling strength between the core and the cladding mode based on the photoelastic effect. The extinction ratio of the SMF-based LPFG at a wavelength of 1550.8 nm is measured to be -15.1 dB when the applied strain is $600{\mu}{\varepsilon}$. The ascent of ambient index shifts the resonant wavelength to shorter wavelength because of the increase of the effective refractive index of the cladding mode. The extinction ratio is diminished by increase in the ambient index because of the induction of the optical attenuation of the cladding mode. The transmission characteristics of the proposed LPFG with variations in torsion are also measured. The photoelastic effect based on torsion changes the extinction ratio and the resonant wavelength of the proposed SMF-based LPFG. The polarization-dependent loss of the LPFG is also increased by torsion because of the torsion-induced birefringence. The polarization-dependent loss of the LPFG at torsion of 8.5 rad/m is measured to be 3.9 dB.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.5
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• pp.15-24
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• 1997

We propose a tunable add/drop filter in a form of an all-fiber mach-zehnder interferometer iwth one bragg grating at each arm. This device can be tuned by inducing a strain in the bragg grating. We also theoretically analyze the outut characteristics of the tunable add/drop filter. As a result of simulation, we know that the proposed tunable add/drop filter works well. When 2*10$^{-3}$ of strain is induced, the reflected spectrum shifts about 3nm. And its reflected spectral width is about 0.3nm. In this case roughly 5 channels can be tuned, assuming the channel spacing is 0.3nm. When the pathlengths of the both arms are not the same, the transmissivities at the add and output ports and the reflectivity at the tap port varies sinusoidally with the pthlength difference. To maintain the transmissivities above 90% in the wavelength tuning range of 20nm the pathlength difference less than 16.mu.m is required.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.833-837
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• 2007

In this study, we have fabricated a gain flattened erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier. Gain flattening filters were realized by the strain-induced long period fiber gratings, which are made of periodically arrayed metal wires. Using the filter of $550{\mu}m$ period, spontaneous emission amplified at C-band wavelength by a 980nm pumping laser was flattened within 1dB of gain ripple. The performance of the simultaneous multi channel amplification was measured using a fabry-perot laser diode. Amplification ratio was above 20dB. This amplifier can be applied to the long distance transmission system based on a wavelength division multiplexing for boosting an attenuated signal.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.185-189
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• 2010

We demonstrate a single-frequency wavelength tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser. We used an unpumped-EDF as a saturable-absorber in order to obtain a stable single-frequency with a narrow-linewidth single-polarization mode in the ring cavity. The lasing wavelength was controlled by using bending-induced strain, such as tension and compression strain corresponding to the bending direction, applied to the fiber gratings. The fiber laser exhibited an output power of -1.85 dBm at a wavelength of 1540.72 nm for a pumping power of ~400 mW. An extinction ratio was measured to be more than 60 dB. The proposed tunable fiber laser maintains nearly the same output power while its lasing wavelength is controlled over in a wavelength range of 5 nm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.339-342
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• 2005

In long-period fiber grating (LPFG) to be made up optical fiber sensors, resonance coupling occurs between the forward-propagating core mode and cladding modes at the wavelength that satisfy the Phase matching condition. The resonance wavelength and the coupling strength depends strongly on the external environment like temperature, strain, and ambient index. These characteristics can be utilized for various applications as optical fiber sensors. fabrication of optical fiber gratings is typically based on the photosensitivity effect, i.e. the permanent change of the refractive index upon irradiation of the UV beam, and therefore, fabrication of the optical fiber with high phososensitivity is an important part of the research on optical fiber gratings. In this work, we measured the effort of to-doping of boron on the index difference between the core and cladding of the optical fiber and the sensitivity of the LPFC to the temperature and bending changes. We observed that the index difference between the core and the cladding decreased by $(1.69{\times}10^{-4}/SCCM)$ and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shirt decreased by $(0.01145nm/^{\circ}C/SCCM)$. The dependence or the bending-induced changes or the transmission characteristics of LPFG on the tore-cladding index difference was investigated experimentally. The measurement results indicate that the bending sensitivity increases as the index difference decreases.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.181-184
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• 2010

A simple technique for a flexibly tunable and switchable dual wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser using fiber Bragg gratings is proposed and demonstrated by using both linear cavity loss controlling and homogeneous gain broadening of the EDF. The oscillating wavelength switching is successfully realized by using the modulation of the acousto-optic modulator driven by the RF signal. The wavelength spacing and lasing wavelength of the proposed wavelength-switchable laser can also be controlled by using the bending-induced tension or compression strain. The proposed tunable dual wavelength-switchable fiber laser has a lot of advantages, such as a high extinction ratio larger than 40dB and a high tunability of ~7.2 nm/$m^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.564-567
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• 2012

Optical fibers are going to be used for telecommunication, image fibers, sensors under irradiation in nuclear power plants and various irradiation facilities. Especially, Temperature detection sensors using Raman light scattering, temperature or strain sensors using fiber gratings, magnet-optical sensors using photo-magnetic effect, are already commercialized. However, When fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation, color centers are formed in fibers which reduces their light transmission, and it is limited in applying under radiation environments. In this study, $Co^{60}$ gamma-ray induced optical attenuation on Ge-doped single mode(SM) fiber has been measured. Gamma-ray is irradiated for 4hours at the dose rate of 0.5kGy/hr, 2kGy/hr, 8kGy/hr. Consequently, gamma-ray induced loss based on radiation effects in Ge-doped SM fiber occur precisely. Furthermore, dose rate effect that the higher dose rate in the same total dose, the more increase loss of optical fiber and annealing effect that the higher the loss after irradiation, the more increase the recovery rate of the loss are observed in the fiber. This results plan to make use of bases in the study of the radiation-hardened optical fiber.