• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2007

Uniaxial displacement controlled tests were performed on annealed Type 304 stainless steel at room temperature. A servo-controlled testing machine and strain measurement on the gage length were employed to measure the response to a given input. The test results exhibit that the flow stress increases nonlinearly with the strain rate and the relaxed stress at the end of the relaxation periods depends strongly on the strain rate preceding the relaxation test. The rate-dependent inelastic deformation behavior is simulated using a new unified viscoplasticity model that has the rate-dependent format of nonlinear kinematic hardening rule, which plays a key role in modeling the rate dependence of relaxation behavior. The model does not employ yield or loading/unloading criteria and consists of a flow law and the evolution laws of two tensor and one scalar-valued state variables.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2021

Knowing a material's true stress-strain curve is essential for performing a nonlinear finite element analysis to solve an elastoplastic problem. This study presents a simple methodology to determine the true stress-strain curve of type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels in the full range of strain from a typical tensile test. Before necking, the true stress and strain values are directly converted from engineering stress and strain data, respectively. After necking, a true stress-strain equation is determined by iteratively conducting finite element analysis using three pieces of information at the necking and the fracture points. The Hockett-Sherby equation is proposed as an optimal stress-strain model in a non-uniform deformation region. The application to the stainless steel under different temperatures and loading conditions verifies that the strain hardening behavior of the material is adequately described by the determined equation, and the estimated engineering stress-strain curves are in good agreement with those of experiments. The presented method is intrinsically simple to use and reduces iterations because it does not require much experimental effort and adopts the approach of determining the stress-strain equation instead of correcting the individual stress at each strain point.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

흙의 전단특성을 조사하기 위하여 다양한 전단시험장치가 사용되고 있다. 특히 흙의 무한변형에 따른 잔류전단강도(residual shear strength)를 측정하고자 할 경우 링전단시험장치가 사용된다. 본 연구는 배수, 압밀 및 전단속도 제어가 가능한 비배수전단강도 측정용 링전단시험장치를 사용하여 전단동안 발생하는 누수현상(water leakage)이 전단특성에 미치는 영향성에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험은 비배수조건에서 동일한 수직응력(50 kPa)을 재하하고 전단속도(0.01, 0.1, 1 mm/sec)를 3단계로 구분하여 적용하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 동일한 수직응력에서 비배수전단강도는 전단속도에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 상대적으로 낮은 전단속도(V = 0.01 mm/sec)에서는 변형률 경화 거동(strain hardening behavior)을 보였고 상대적으로 높은 전단속도(V ≥ 0.1 mm/sec)에서는 변형률 연화 거동(strain softening behavior)을 보였다. 시험기 성능평가를 통하여 누수가 발생할 경우 전단속도 크기에 관계없이 전단응력은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 누수가 크면 클수록 전단응력이 증가된다. 이러한 실험결과는 전단동안 발생하는 누수로 인한 흙 입자의 재배열과 다짐도의 증가에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 육안조사 및 반복적인 포화와 압밀과정을 통하여 실험오차를 최소화할 수 있는 작업이 필요하다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 취성적인 시멘트 복합체에 2%이내의 단섬유를 보강하여 균열하중이 이후에도 급격한 강도저하 없이 강재와 같은 변형경화 특성을 부여한 신개념의 건설재료인 변형 경화형 시멘트 복합체(SHCC)를 활용한 콘크리트 구조물의 균열제어성능 개선을 위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구에 활용된 SHCC는 물겹합재비 0.45의 시멘트 복합체에 1.3%의 PVA 섬유 및 0.2%의 PE 섬유를 보강하여 제조되었다. 단면 $100{\times}100mm$의 정사각형 단면을 갖는 무근 콘크리트 보와 인장측 하부면에서 30 및 50mm 두께의 콘크리트를 SHCC로 단면 대체한 보의 휨 및 균열진전 과정을 비교하여 본 연구에서 제조된 SHCC에 의한 균열제어성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 인장측 하부면을 SHCC로 대체한 콘크리트 보 실험체의 휨거동 특성 및 균열제어성능은 무근 콘크리트 보에 비하여 크게 개선되었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.419-423
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• 2001

It is important to know the mechanical properties of the materials under dynamic load. The mechanical properties of most materials are influenced to some extent by strain rate. One of the reliable test device for determining the mechanical properties of materials at high strain rate is Split Hopkinson Pressure bar. In this paper, we conducted the mechanical properties test for the aluminium alloy 6063 and 6061 using the SHPB device.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.38-47
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• 1996

Sectional analysis program for plane strain or axisymmetric geometry of aluminum alloy sheet metals was developed. For modeling the anomalous behavior of aluminum alloy, Barlat's strain rate potential and Hill's 1990 non-quadratic yield theory arranged under the plane stress assumption were employed. 2-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM formulation based on the bending-augmented membrane theory was derived, solving simultaneously force equilibrium as well as non-penetration condition. Isotropic hardening law was also assumed for yielding behavior. To verify the validity and availability of the developed program, 2-D stretch/draw forming process for plane strain geometry and cylindrical cup deep drawing process for axisymmetric geometry were simulated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2002

동반논문(오세붕, 2002)에서는 전체 변형도 영역의 거동을 모델할 수 있는 GUX( 구성모델을 ABAQUS 코드(Hibbit 등, 2001)에 구현하였다. 먼저 정확도 해석을 통하여 동반논문에서 구현한 내재적 응력적분 기법이 해의 정확도를 확보함을 알 수 있었다. GUX 모델은 전응력 개념에 의거한 비등방경화 탄소성 구성모델이므로 완전 배수 또는 비배수 삼축시힘시 응력-변형도 관계를 입력하여 대상문제를 배수 및 비배수조건에 따라 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반 및 풍화토 지반상 성토시 안정성 문제와 지반-말뚝계의 축하중 재하시 거동에 대한 예제 해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 대변형 해석을 통하여 기하학적 비선형성을 고려하였고 전체 변형도 거동을 합리적으로 모델하는 GUX 모델을 이용한 결과를 Mises 모델 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.151-154
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• 2005

One of the most important characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is its strain hardening behavior up to $5\∼6\%$of stain under a tensile loading. So, the ductile behavior of ECC should be utilized in applications to maximize the performance of structures. Thus, in this study, the ductile behavior of ECC as a repair material applied to the tensile region under flexural loads is numerically examined using a developed numerical model. Several strain capacities of ECC are examined to predict the behavior of ECC strengthened flexural structures. The results show that a certain optimal level of ductility in ECCs for repair applications exists and it is an important factor to consider when using ECC as a repairing material.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) under severe accident conditions accompanied by core melting is exposed to direct high-temperature thermal loads. Understanding the creep behavior of the material is one of the most important factors for evaluating the structural integrity at these conditions. While damage evaluation studies have been conducted on critical structures of nuclear power plants through finite element (FE) analyses considering creep behavior, for accurate creep damage evaluation, constitutive equations considered in the FE analyses may have different results depending on the time hardening and strain hardening models as well as the tertiary creep consideration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creep damage under severe accident conditions by using FE method for a representative domestic RPV material, SA508 Gr.3. The effect of material hardening models and constitutive equations which are the main variables were also investigated.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Alloy 617 is the one of the leading candidate materials for intermediate heat exchangers(IHX) of a very high temperature reactor(VHTR) system. Some of the components are joined by many welding techniques and therefore the welded joints are inevitable in the construction of systems. In the present paper, the low cycle fatigue(LCF) behaviors of Alloy 617 base metal(BM) and the gas tungsten arc welded (GTAWed) weld joints(WJ) are investigated experimentally under strain controlled LCF tests. Fully axial total-strain controlled tests have been conducted at room temperature with total strain ranges of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5%. The weld joints have shown a lower fatigue lives compared with base metals at all the testing conditions. The weld joints have shown a higher cyclic stress response behavior than base metal. Both BM and WJ exhibited cyclic strain hardening behavior, depending on the total strain range. In addition, the strain-life parameters for BM and WJ were determined, based on Coffin-Manson equations.