• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to develop a stormwater management system that would contribute to improving water circulation, recycling storm water and promoting biodiversity in urban areas, to apply the system in an actual site, and to verify its effectiveness in order to generate a stormwater management system applicable in Korea. This study reviewed former researches and case studies, categorized stormwater management system into pre-treatment, retention and infiltration phases, and analyzed the strength and weakness of the techniques by synthesizing unit techniques of each stage. As a result, the process of the stormwater management system includes the following phases: 1) a rubble filtration layer; 2) a retention pond; 3) a infiltration pond; and 4) a stormwater retention pool (recirculation and recycling). Then, an empirical study to design and create the generated system according to the features of a site and to verify its effectiveness was conducted. The future study direction is to verify the effectiveness of the developed stormwater retention and infiltration ponds. To this end, it is planned to perform hydrological monitoring using automatic measuring equipment and monitoring on habitat bases and the biota living on the base. Based on its outcome, the applied model would be refined and improved to develop an alternative stormwater management system that would allow to achieve the improvement of urban water circulation, increase of biodiversity and efficient use of water resources.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.139-139
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• 2022

Nature-based solutions (NBS) involved conservation or rehabilitation of natural ecosystems or the creation of natural processes in modified or artificial ecosystems to mimic natural processes for the improved management of water (UN-Water, 2018). This study investigated the relationship between microbial presence and survival to the pollutant treatment performance of seven different stormwater NBS managing urban stormwater runoff. In this study, seven different stormwater nature-based solution (NBS) was investigated to identify the relationship of microbial community to the pollutant removal performance of stormwater NBS. Based on this study, Proteobacteria was found to be the most dominant microorganism for all stormwater NBS and IS followed by Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, WS3, and AF234118_p were found to have high positive correlation to most pollutant removal efficiency of different stormwater NBS (r-value: 0.62 to 0.68). Using Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria count in stormwater NBS, equations predicting pollutant removal performance were also developed and may be used in minimizing the cost for stormevent monitoring to identify the pollutant removal performance of stormwater NBS.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2007

The Kuem-River, one of the largest rivers in Korea, is the primary water source for more than 4 million people in Kongju city and surrounding area. To study the effect of stormwater runoff to CSOs, twelve monitoring sites were selected in two large cities (City of Kongju and City of Buyeo) near the Kuem-River. Monitoring was reformed by collecting grab samples, measuring flow rates during dry and wet seasons during over two rainy seasons. Generally the flow rate of wastewater in combined sewers was rapidly decreased after 23:00 P.M. and gradually increased from 06:30 A.M. in all sites during the dry season. The concentrations of pollutant increase approximately 5 to 7 fold for TSS and 1.5 to 2.5 fold for BOD during the rainy season. Monitoring and statistical analysis show that the groundwater contributes on sewage volume increase (average 25-45% more) during dry periods and the stormwater runoff contributes approximately 51-72% increase during rainy periods. Generally the concentrations of combined sewage were more polluted during the first flush period than after the first flush during a storm event.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand imperviousness impact for the characteristics of stormwater runoff and water temperature. The land-use map was used to estimate the watershed imperviousness(percent of impermeable area) and the RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was used to evaluate the stormwater runoff of watershed. This study was investigated for two streams(Jiam and Gongji) in Chunchon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; The imperviousness(%) of two watersheds(Jiam and Gongji) estimated by spatial analysis which is main function of GIS were 0.24% and 24.16%. So, Gongji watershed as urban area was about 100 times than jiam watershed as forest area. In case of rainfall of low intensity, stormwater runoff flowrate in higher imperviousness area(Gongji) was more than it in forest area(jiam). Also, The time to peak flowrate(Tp) was short in Gongji stream and the water temperature difference between Gongji and Jiam stream was about $4.4^{\circ}C$ in summer.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand the quantitative change of water resources using RMS(Remote Monitoring System) which takes real time data with high reliability. Also, the characteristic of stormwater runoff was understood by the application of the above system for three streams (Jiam, Yulmun, and Gongji stream) in Chuncheon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was constructed by the combination of the automatic water-level meter, which measures water-level of streams at all times, and the wireless communication system sending real-time data from the meter. This system is used to evaluate the stormwater runoff in watersheds and the quantitative changes of streams. It is possible to overcome the limit of field investigations needed, which takes a lot of manpower and time, and it is very efficient to provide the reliable flowrate data. Also, it can be applied to the disaster prevention system for flood because the change of flowrate in stream is monitored at real-time. For 3 streams with different watershed characteristics, correlation equations induced from the relation analysis results. In terms of the relation between water-level and flowrate, flowrate was increased rapidly as the water-level rises in case of small watershed and steep slope. The application results of the proposed system for 3 streams (Jiam, Yulmun, Gongji) in Chuncheon city are as follows; The remote monitoring system was very useful for acquisition of the flow rate in stream that are basic data to understand pollutants runoff in watershed. In case of no-rainy day, the runoff ratio for pollutant loading rate was the highest level in Yulmun stream(BOD:2.3%, TN:20.2%, TP:1.2%). So, it shows the management of pollution source is needed such as rehabilitation of sewer line. Runoff ratio of total phosphorus by rainfall in Gongji watershed was increased about 19 times than no-rainy day, which is estimated as the influence of sewer overflow.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2014

The intensity of stormwater runoff is particularly acute across cities located in arid climates. During flash floods loose sediment and pollutants are typically transported across sun-hardened surfaces contributing to widespread degradation of water quality. Rapid, dense urbanization exacerbates the problem by creating continuous areas of impervious surfaces, perforated only by a few green patches. Our work demonstrates how the latest techniques in remote sensing can be used to routinely measure urban land cover types, impervious cover, and vegetated areas. In addition, multiple regression models can then infer relationships between urban land use and land cover types with stormwater quality data, initially sampled at discrete monitoring sites, and then extrapolated annually across an arid city; in our case, the city of Phoenix in Arizona, USA. Results reveal that from 30 storm event samples, solids and heavy metal pollutants were found to be highly related with general impervious surfaces; in particular, with industrial and commercial land use types. Repercussions stemming from this work include support for public policies that advocate environmental sustainability and the more recent focus on urban livability. Also, advocacy for new urban construction and re-development that both steer away from vast unbroken impervious surfaces, in place of more fragmented landscapes that harmonize built and green spaces.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2012

대전의 도시 소하천, 관평천 유역을 연구대상지역으로 강우시의 유량 및 수질 변화 특성을 파악하기 위한 원격 제어실시간 자동 모니터링 시스템을 설치하여 자료를 확보하고 이 시스템을 이용하여 확보된 강우시 연속측정 자료를 이용하여 도시유역 모델인 SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) 모델을 보정하는 데 사용하였다. 실시간 자동 모니터링 시스템은 강우량계, 초음파 수위계, 자동수질측정장치, 자동취수장치, 데이터 로거 및 전송장치 등으로 구성되었으며 원격으로 제어할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 강우시 유량은 초음파 수위계와 사각 위어 공식을 이용하여 지속적으로 측정이 가능하도록 설계되었으며 정확도는 수동측정을 병행하여 확인하였다. 수질센서로 측정할 수 없는 항목은 자동채수기에 의해 일정시간 간격으로 시료를 채취한 후 실험실로 이송하여 분석하여 자료를 확보하였다. 위에서 실측된 유량 및 수질 연속 자료를 이용하여 연구대상지역에 대해 SWMM 모델을 구축하였다. SWMM 모델의 보정과 검증 결과 유량은 매우 양호한 수준으로 예측하고 있으나 BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP 등의 예측은 강우 특성에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 SWMM에 나타난 바와 같은 특정 유역에 고정된 형태의 오염물질 축적과 유출현상을 나타내는 경험식이 강우 및 선행강우 특성을 반영하여 수정될 필요가 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구에서 제안된 빗물 자동모니터링 및 모델링 시스템은 향후 강우에 따른 하천 수질관리를 위한 유역단위의 빗물 수량 수질 관리시설의 설계 및 운영에 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2003

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of stormwater retention and infiltration pond on reduction of flood peak and volume in a experimentally developed ecological pond. The experimental site has 542$m^2$ watershed area, 1,310mm yearly-averaged rainfall. And the area of the retention pond is 60$m^2$, the maximum water depth is 0.5m, the maximum and average storage is 15$m^3$and 9.3$m^3$d. And the area of infiltration pond is 58$m^2$, and the water depth varies 0.2m~0.5m. The monitoring system consists of one rainfall gage, one Parshall flume and acoustic water level gage, two rectangular weirs and acoustic water level gage for discharge gaging, and one data recording unit. Data from ten storm events in total, three storm events in year 2000 and seven storm events in year 2001, were collected. From the data the evaporation rate was achieved with the water balance equation, and the result shows 5.0mm/day in average. The result from the analysis of the effects on reduction of flood peak and volume, is that 14% reduction of flood volume and 15% reduction of flood peak in retention pond and 49% reduction of flood volume in infiltration pond.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2005

The control of nonpoint source pollution is essentially needed to successfully perform the Total Maximum Daily Load program. Of the various land uses in the nonpoint source, the paved areas such as a parking lot and a bridge are stormwater intensive land uses because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions. This research was performed to understand the magnitude and nature of the stormwater emissions with the purposes of quantifying stormwater pollutant concentrations and mass emission rates from a parking lot and a bridge. Two monitoring sites in Kongju city were equipped with an automatic rainfall gages and an automatic flow meter for accumulating the data such as rainfall, water quality and runoff flow rates. This paper will summarize the metal concentration changes during the storm duration and metal EMCs to characterize the concentration profiles in a parking lot and a bridge. Also a new concept, dynamic EMC, will be proposed to find the relationship between EMC and first flush effect. It can be used to determine the economical treatment criteria in best management practices.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

토지이용의 고도화는 다양한 비점오염물질의 축적을 야기하며 강우 시 유역에 존재하는 수계로 유출되어 수생태계에 악영향을 끼치게 된다. 현재 환경부는 이러한 비점오염물질의 유출을 저감하기 위하여 다양한 토지이용별 비점오염물질 유출원단위를 제정하여 유역관리에 적용하고 있다. 그러나, 현재 적용되고 있는 토지이용별 원단위는 논, 밭, 대지, 목장, 임야, 골프장 및 기타와 같이 7개로 분류하고 있다. 이러한 원인으로 인하여 실제로 비점오염물질의 유출이 매우 높은 상업지역, 주거지역, 도로, 고속도로, 주차장, 산업지역, 공공지역 등과 같은 토지이용에 대하여 명확한 토지이용별 유출원단위를 제시하지 못하여 수질오염총량관리제 시행에 큰 애로사항으로 남아있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 포장지역중 불투수율이 높은 고속도로 영업소 지역의 토지 이용에 대하여 2006부터 2007년까지 약 2년에 걸친 모니터링 자료를 활용하여, 비점오염 저감시설 설치와 계획수립 시 적합한 원단위를 제시하고자 한다.