• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2009

Turbid storm runoff from intensive highland agriculture area has emerged as the major problem of water quality deterioration in the upstream region of the Han River. High slope of the upland combined with high rate of fertilization and intensive plowing causes high rate of soil erosion, and subsequently high suspended sediment and phosphorus content in the runoff water. The variations of water quality during rain spells were surveyed for two years (2005 and 2006) in the Jawoon Stream that is one of hot spots of intensive horticulture discharging turbid storm runoff. SS and TP showed large increase according to the increase of flow rate, whereas TN and BOD showed less fluctuations. Mean EMCs of SS and TP measured for nine rain events were as high as $207mgSS{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $0.27mgP{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The export coefficient of SS and TP per area of cultivated field were calculated as $11,912kgSS{\cdot}yr^{-1}{\cdot}km^{-2}$ and $785kgP{\cdot}yr^{-1}{\cdot}km^{-2}$, repectively, which are significantly higher than reports of other area. It can be concluded that SS and TP in the runoffs were high enough to impose major threat to aquatic habitats, and the highland agriculture should be the main target of water quality management or habitat conservation in the study area.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2005

The dynamics of water quality with the storm events were analyzed in a small reservoir for irrigation, Lake Wangkung. Water quality of the inflowing stream fluctuated seasonally with the variation of flow rate. Thermal stratification was consistent from April to October below 2 m depths and anoxic layer was developed below 2 m depth in summer. The unique feature of temperature showed that thermal stratification was disrupted by a heavy rain event during monsoon, but hypolimnetic hypoxia were reestablished after a few days. Phosphorus and nitrogen increased immediately following storm events. The marked increase may be due to the input of P-rich storm runoff from the watershed. Internal phosphorus loading can be one of the explanations for TP increases in summer. When there was a storm, total populations of phytoplankton and zooplankton was reduced immediately following the storm, indicating possible flushing of algae and zooplankton. After a lag period of low-density the plankton population bloomed to a peak again within five days after the storm. Turbid water in lake became clear again which coincided with the time of the phytoplankton buildup. The results demonstrate that water quality is regulated greatly by rainfall intensity in Lake Wangkung.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2008

산불에 따른 토양의 반발수력 증대로 산지의 유출량과 토양침식량이 가중된다. WEPP모형을 산불지역에 적용하기 위한 주요 매개변수들의 최적 추정기법에 대해 연구하였다. 산불지역에서 WEPP모형은 유출량이 적을 때 과대평가하고 많으면 과소평가하였으며 토양침식량이 적은 경우에도 과대 산정하는 경향이 있다. 산불지역에서 이 모형의 유출량 변화는 유효투수계수가 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 토사유출량 변화는 유효투수계수, 초기포화도, 세류침식계수, 세류간침식계수가 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 산불지역에서 WEPP의 적용성을 향상시키기 위하여 유출량에 대해서는 유효투수조정계수를 도입하고, 토사유출량에 대해서는 세류침식조정계수와 세류간침식조정계수를 도입하였다. 유효투수조정계수는 강우사상의 최대강우강도와 식생인자에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 세류침식조정계수는 입도분포의 토양성분 특성과 강우사상의 총강우량에 좌우되었으며 세류간침식조정계수는 최대강우강도와 식생고지수의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 본 연구결과는 산불지역 사면에서 WEPP모형의 적용에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.925-936
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 이중편파 레이더 강우자료와 격자기반 분포형 강우-유출 모형인 KIMSTORM(KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model)을 이용하여 유출해석을 수행하고, 침수실적자료와의 비교를 통해 레이더 강우자료의 효용성을 검토하는데 있다. 남강댐유역($2,293km^2$)을 대상으로, 2012년 4개의 강우 이벤트(집중호우, 카눈, 볼라벤, 산바)에 대하여 비슬산 레이더 강우자료를 사용하였다. 분포형 모형은 28개 지점 강우와 레이더 강우를 이용하여 보정되었으며, $R^2$(coefficient of determination), ME(model efficiency), VCI(volume conservation index)를 이용하여 적용성을 평가하였다. 모형의 보정결과, $R^2$, ME, VCI의 평균이 지점강우를 이용한 경우 각각 0.85, 0.78, 1.09, 레이더 강우를 이용한 경우 각각 0.85, 0.78, 0.96의 결과를 보였다. 태풍 산바에 의한 하천범람 침수실적자료의 두 침수지역(신연지구와 문대/신기지구)과 레이더와 지상강우에 의한 유출분석 결과를 비교하였다. 신연지구와 문대/신기지구 두 침수지역에서 레이더강우가 지상강우보다 더 많은 지역강우를 발생시켜 지표유출량을 더 크게 모의하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 수위관측소가 존재하는 문대/신기지구의 경우, 지점강우보다 레이더 강우가 침수지역내 수위관측소의 실제 첨두유량에 가깝게 모의하였으며, 하천수위도 0.72m 높게 모의하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.976-976
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• 2012

The applicability of a distributed rainfall-runoff model for large river basin flood forecasts is analyzed by applying the model to the Nakdong River basin. The spatially explicit hydrologic model was constructed and calibrated by the several storm events. The assimilation of the large scale Nakdong River basin were conducted by calibrating the sub-basin channel outflow, dam discharge in the basin rainfall-runoff model. The applicability of automatic and semi-automatic calibration methods was analyzed for real time calibrations. Further an ensemble distributed rainfall runoff model has been developed to measure the runoff hydrograph generated for any temporally-spatially varied rainfall events, also the runoff of basin can be forecast at any location as well. The results of distributed rainfall-runoff model are very useful for flood managements on the large scale basins. That offer facile, realistic management method for the avoiding the potential flooding impacts and provide a reference for the construct and developing of flood control facilities.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

A monitoring study has been conducted to identify hydrologic conditions, water quality and nutrient loading characteristics of small watershed in Juam Lake. Climate data of the watershed were collected; flow rate was measured and water quality sampling was conducted at the watershed outlet for this study. Water quality data revealed that T-P concentrations meet I grade of lake water quality standard during non-storm period, but degraded up to II-III grade of lake water quality standard during storm period. The observed T-N concentrations always exceeded lake water quality standard. Therefore, T-P was identified as limiting chemical constituent for eutrophication of Juam Lake. T-P concentration of non-storm period also revealed that point source pollution is not serious in the watershed. Three year monitoring results showed that the observed T-N losses were $10.85\~18.88$ kg/ha and T-P losses were $0.028\~0.323$ kg/ha during six month (Mar. - Oct.), respectively. Major portion of runoff amount discharged by a few storm events a year and nutrient load showed apparent seasonal variation. Huge runoff amounts were generated by intense storms, which make application of water treatment or detention facilities ineffective. Monitoring results confirmed that water quality improvement by abating nonpoint source pollution in rural watershed of monsoon climate should be focused on source control. T-P losses from paddy field seemed to consist of significant amount of total load from study watershed. Therefore, management of drainage from paddy field is considered to be important for preventing algal blooming problem in Juam Lake.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2010

To identify operating parameters of the up-flow filtering system, which is available to discharge filtering residue after the rain, developed for treatment of urban storm runoff, lab scale test was carried out. Removal efficiency of SS was 68.7%, 62.2%, and 58.6% at the area roading rate of 2.46m/h, 4.68m/h, and 10m/h, respectively, filtering device is desirable to operate at the lower than 4.68m/h of area roading rate to get higher level of 60% SS removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of SS was 57.1% ~ 68.7% at the raw water SS of 100mg/L ~ 600mg/L, and the SS in treated water was maintained at the constant level through the elapsed time. It is indicate that filtering device can guarantee a certain level of effluent water quality at various raw water quality. The removal efficiency of SS to the depth of filter media was 68.3%, 78.6% at the filter depth of 10 cm, 20cm respectively. The final treated water quality was showed 30.2mg/L of CODMn, 1.60mg/L of TN and 0.25mg/L of TP. The average removal efficiencies by filtering device developed in this research were recorded slightly lower levels than other research. The main reason of these results were the first, the filter depth of the media used in this test was shallow, the second, the kind of filter media in discharge port of residue. More research to kind of filter media, filter packing rate, select of media for residue discharge port should be go on to produce optimum operating condition. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of filtration device to control of urban storm water.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1993

본 연구의 목적은 도시소유역에서의 부족한 유량 및 NPS 오염물 자료의 확충과 이를 통한 유출과 NPS 오염물 배출 간의 상관관계의 분석 및 월, 년 NPS 부하량 산정에 의한 물질수지의 분석에 있다. 본 연구를 위한 자료의 확충을 위해서 미국 EPA의 SWMM 모형을 사용하였으며, 상관관계의 분석 및 물질수지의 분석은 NPS 오염에 가장 영향이 큰 선행괘천기간을 긴 경우(CASE 1.)와 짧은 경우(CASE 2.)로 분리하여 수행하였으며, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 사상별 시간자료의 분석 : CASE 1.과 CASE 2. 모두, 유량과 농도간의 상관관계 보다는 유량과 부하량간의 상관관계가 좋았으며, 선형 상관관계보다는 비선형 상관관계가 좋았다. 결과적으로 두 CASE 모두 비유량-비부하율 관계는 비선형 산관관계가 가장 좋았다. 2) 사상별 총량자료의 분석 : CASE 1.은 비누적유량-비누적부하량의 선형상관관계가 CASE 2.는 비선형 상관관계가 좋았다. 3) 유역의 NPS 년비부하량 산정 결과, 년평균 단위 강우량당 비부하량은 CASE 1.이 CASE 2.보다 모든 오염물에서 약 2.5배였다. 4) 호우기와 갈수기의 NPS 오염물의 비교 결과, 갈수기의 CASE 1.의 비중이 훨씬 컸다. 5) NPS 년비부하량과 PS 년비부하량을 비교한 결과, NPS 오염물이 유역 및 하천의 오염에 상당히 기여함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1802-1806
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• 2006

It is important to consider the effects of land-use changes on surface runoff, stream flow, and groundwater recharge. Expansion of urban areas significantly impacts the environment in terms of ground water recharge, water pollution, and storm water drainage. Increase of impervious area due to urbanization leads to an increase in surface runoff volume, contributes to downstream flooding and a net loss in groundwater recharge. Assessment of the hydrologic impacts or urban land-use change traditionally includes models that evaluate how land use change alters peak runoff rates, and these results are then used in the design of drainage systems. Such methods however do not address the long-term hydrologic impacts of urban land use change and often do not consider how pollutants that wash off from different land uses affect water quality. L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment) is an analysis tool that provides site-specific estimates of changes in runoff, recharge and non point source pollution resulting from past or proposed land-use changes. It gives long-term average annual runoff for a land use configuration, based on climate data for that area. In this study, the environmental and hydrological impact from the urbanized basin had been examined with GIS L-THIA in Korea.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2008

침투 트렌치, 투수성 포장, 지하수 양수 등의 모형화가 가능하도록 SWMM 4.4H 버전을 수정하여 개발된 SWMM-GE(Storm Water Management Model-Groundwater Enhanced)는 DOS 버전으로 개발되어 입력과정이 불편하고 출력결과를 다른 그림 소프트웨어로 도시하여 분석하는데 시간이 오래 걸린다. 즉, 사용자 편의환경이 구성되어 있지 않다. 이런 문제를 개선하기 위해 DOS 버전 SWMM-GE의 Windows 버전 사용자 편의환경을 개발 하였다. 먼저 전체 레이아웃을 개발하고 그 틀 아래서 RUNOFF 블록의 전 후 처리 모듈과 실행 모듈을 개발하였다. 레이아웃은 Project, Layers, Map View, Properties, Overview로 구성되었다. 그리고 남가좌 1 유역을 대상으로 개발된 편의환경을 사용하여 입력자료를 구축하고 수행하였다. 개발된 RUNOFF 블록의 사용자 편의환경은 기술자들의 프로그램 접근성과 활용성을 높일 수 있다.