• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological and physicochemical changes on packaged tofu stored at temperatures of 5, 13, 23, and 30℃, and measure the consumable period from the expiry date to ultimately evaluate the microbiological safety on the extension of the consumable period. From the investigation, the pH value of tofu at each storage temperature (5, 13, and 23℃) showed a slight decrease over the storage period, although there was no significant change. The hardness of packaged tofu decreased more rapidly as temperature and storage time increased and the tofu started to show signs of decomposition at the same time. Analysis on the microbial change of tofu at different storage temperature revealed that the number of general bacteria also increased as the temperature increased. It was further found that packaged tofu takes 25 days at 5℃, 7 days at 13℃, and 1 day at 23℃ from the expiry date until the general bacteria count is at least at the early decomposition level which is 10℃ log CFU/g. However, no coliform bacteria was detected from tofu after storing at 5, 13 and 23℃. When packaged tofu was stored at 5℃, the L value changed significantly after 26 days, whereas the a and b values showed no significant change during the storage period (P>0.05). When storing tofu at 13℃ and 23℃ the L value decreased after 8 and 3 days, respectively. However, both a and b values increased (P<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04b
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• pp.695-702
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of precast concrete cured by accelerated curing methods such as, steam curing method and warm water curing method varing maximum temperature of curing along to the period of curing. Some specimens are cured by accelerated curing method(warm water curing method) and then deposited in the storehouse. The others are deposited in the storehouse directly. All of these are cured until being tested to compare these two group's mechanical characteristics for each period 3days, 7days, 28days. The goal of this comparison is to estimate the efficiency of accelerated curing method in the case of precast concrete stocked in the field or warehouse for a long term and to make guide line for factory manager to make a economical products of concrete of a good quality. We can conclude some guide lines 1) It is not efficient to cure concrete with accelerated method at higher than 80℃. 2) The continuing of curing period more than 36hr makes damage to concrete in using accelerated curing method. 3) The strength revelation of concrete cured by accelerated curing methods, added rice husk ash more delayed than OPC concrete done but the strength of maximum value is higher than OPC concrete. 4) It is not efficient to use accelerated curing method in the case of storing the products for more than 7days in the aspect of mechanical properties.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1997

Optimal conditions for collecting, storing and drying temperature to utilize slaughter porcine blood for blood meals and the effects of blood meal on growth in broiler chicks were investigated. Dry matter and protein contents of slaughter procine blood were 19.5% and 77%(dry basis), respectively. As for the composites of amino acids in the blood, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanin threonine were shown high. There was no significant difference between the collections by bloodletting and vacuumming in terms of microbial contamination. Storage of slaughter porcine blood showed no differences in protein, DNA and triglyceride contents and pH between the storage methods of freezing (-20$^{\circ}C$) and refrigerating (-4$^{\circ}C$). In case of room temperature storage, however, the decrease in pH and the appearance of new protein due to microbial contaminations increased as the storage periods were prolonged. When drying was done by flash methods, the drying period got shortened as the temperature became higher, yet protein and triglyceride were destoryed more. When drying was done over 120$^{\circ}C$, even at the same degree, the breakdowns of protein and triglyceride increased more as drying period got longer. In feeding trials of broiler chicks, dietary supplementation of the flash dried blood meal at 2% level showed significant difference in growth rate(P＜.05%). These results indicated that the appropriate handling and manufacturing of slaughter porcine blood enabled the blood to be used as a protein source for broiler chicks.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2015

This study was undertaken to characterize feed value and silage quality according to storage period and film layers for whole-crop barley silage. The crude protein (CP) content increased in all silage during the storage periods compared to those before silage, this content slightly increased over the prolonged storage period but it was not significant (p>0.05). Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were higher than 4 layers. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents also increased in all silage during storage periods compared to those before silage (P<0.05), but they were maintained at similar levels during the storage period. Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were higher than 4 layers. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) content decreased in all silage during the storage periods. However, it was maintained at a similar level for the duration of each storage period. Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were lower than 4 layers. The pH value was decreased during the prolonged storage period and depending on the film layers, 6 layers were lower than 4 layers. In the organic acid contents during the prolonged storage period, lactic acid increased, acetic acid was lower, and butyric acid was significantly higher (p<0.05). Depending on the film layers, 6 layers showed higher levels of lactic acid and lower levels of butyric acid (p<0.05). Therefore, these results showed that 6 layer wrapping was advantageous for long term storage of whole crop barley silage, while also indicating that it is desirable to use 4 layer wrapping within a six month period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2018

Background: Poultry breeding has increased by 306% in Korea, inevitably increasing the production of manure which may contribute to environmental pollution. The nutrients (NP) in the manure are essential for crop cultivation and soil fertility when applied as compost. Excess nutrients from manure can be accumulated on the land and can lead to eutrophication. Therefore, a nutrient load on the finite land should be calculated. Methods: This study calculates the nutrient production from Korean poultry by investigating 11 broiler and 16 laying hen farms. The broiler manure was composted using deep litter composting while for layer deep litter composting, drying, and simple static pile were in practice. The effect of weight reduction and storing period during composting was checked. Three weight reduction cases of compost were constructed to calculate nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) using data from; i) farm investigation, ii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), and iii) dry basis. Results: During farm investigation of broiler and layer with deep litter composting, there was a 68 and 21% N loss whereas 77 and 33% P loss was found, respectively. In case of layer composting, a loss of 10-56% N and a 52% P loss was observed. Drying manure increased the P concentrations therefore NLCs calculated using dry basis that showed quite higher reductions (67% N; 53% P). Nutrient loss from farm investigation was much higher than reported by Korean Ministry of Environment (ME). Conclusions: Nutrients in manure are decreased when undergo storing or composting process due to microbial action, drying, and leaching. The nutrient load applied to soil is less than the fresh manure, hence the livestock manure management and conservation of environment would be facilitated.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

An yield monitoring system plays a key role in precision farming. An yield monitoring system and a DGPS were implemented to a widely used domestic combine for yield mapping of a small sized paddy field, and yield mapping algorithms were investigated in this study. The yield variation in the 0.1ha rice paddy field was measured by installing a yield flow sensor and a grain moisture sensor at the end of the clean grain elevator discharging grains into a grain tank. Yield map of the test filed was drawn in a point map and a linear interpolated map based on the result of the field test. The size of a unit yield grid in yield mapping was determined based on the combine traveling speed, effective harvesting width and data storing period. It was possible to construct the yield map of a small sized paddy field.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The effects of modified atmosphere(MA) storage for fresh red chili pepper and red bell pepper fruits were investigated with storing in polyethylene film with various fine holes. During the storage of the both pepper fruits, the weight loss, color change, mold emergence, and firmness were evaluated. The weight loss of pepper fruits packaged without holes on film was less than 3%, even though it was each 50% and 25% for non packaged red chili pepper and red bell pepper fruits. The rates of mold emergence of red chili pepper and red bell pepper fruits were reached to each 60% and 50% at the end of storage period as stored in film without holes. However, the rate of mold emergence of pepper fruits was lowered when fruits were stored in MA with low relative humidity (70∼80%). The color and firmness of pepper fruits were not much changed when fruits were stored in MA with high humidity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.428-444
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• 2010

After underground excavation being introduced in dometic, many technologies have been storing up. One of them, measurement, has been recognized as an important item under excavation construction. But, unlike a large-scale construction, it was not been treated importantly at the general small-scale structures with poor ordering and original design was unchanged under construction was normal if the problem didn't occur on monitoring. In this paper, the site which safe and economical management as well as shortening construction period was made effectively using measurement result was introduced. Also, the site which was completed safely with analyzing measurement and reinforcement when unusual symptom happened was introduced. Using measurement result effectively will be able to obtain the safety and prevent unnecessary economical loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 1994

The effect of neutralization of urea-treated rice straw with sulfuric acid was investigated. Long-cut (15-20 cm) and short-cut (2-3 cm) rice straw were treated with 6% urea for 21 days, and the treated straw was mixed with an acid-molasses solution to neutralize free ammonia and kept airtightly in a plastic bag for 24 hours. The neutralized and non-neutralized straw were dried and subjected to chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility determination. The in vitro DM digestibility as well as crude protein (CP) content were remarkably improved by neutralization. Short-cutting of the straw before treatment gave a better result than the long-cut samples. Neutralization with sulfuric acid also affected the chemical composition and increased sulfur content of samples. The CP thus fixed by neutralization was proven to be kept stable for 3 months, and in vitro DM digestibility was not affected by the storing period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.228-229
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• 2014

Recently, to ensure the high openness and prospect right of the building, curtain wall system is mainly applied to the high-rise buildings at domestic and overseas. As a result, the use of Structural Sealant is increasing. Structural Glazing Sealant is applied with the glass and AL-FRAME (Mullion) that the strong structural strength is required to hold. However, the structural sealant at the construction site in a variety of external influences, such as wind load, thermal load, uv, chemical pollutants etc, in case of storing condition, if structural sealant stored in high temperature for a long period time, it will not perform well compared with initial performance. In this study, the influence of the performance of one-component structural sealant evaluated for proper storage conditions at the construction site and how to use the non-intended.