• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-644
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• 2012

The rancidity of soybean (Glycine max L.) from Yeonhaeju, called "Bazaz", in powder forms was evaluated through a fluorescence spectrum test (FST). The results from the FST were validated by comparing the TBA and acid values. Soybean powders were stored in 25, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. The maximum excitation and maximum emission of fluorescent compounds generated from the soybean powder during storage were observed at the 360 nm and 430-440 nm wavelengths, respectively. The mean particle size of soybean powder was maintained at $40{\mu}m$ to avoid the dependence of the reaction area during measurement. According to the FST results, lipid oxidation did not actively progress during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. The fluorescence intensity (FI) from FST on the first day of storage was not significantly different from that on the last day of storage (day 20; p < 0.05), but the FI dramatically increased at $90^{\circ}C$. A smooth increase was observed in the initial stage; then, after 11 days of storage, the FI value increased by nearly 100% compared to that on the first day. The FI values were compared with TBA and acid values that were measured under the same storage conditions. All the values at $25^{\circ}C$ showed similar patterns during storage, but at $90^{\circ}C$, the FI and acid values showed similar patterns but the TBA decreased after reaching the maximum values on storage day 12. The results demonstrated that FST may be useful for measuring the rancidity of the powder form of soybean because it does not require extraction to measure the rancidity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

This study was carried out to get the informations on microbes and protein extractability through comparing the quality attributes of Hanwoo fed in Korea, Hanwoo fed in Japan and Japanese Wagyu. The fresh beefs were stored at 4±l℃ for 13 days. In microbiological test, the total plate counts were higher in rump than in other beef portion as loin, chuck (p<0.000l). The number of psychrotrobes in the rump were maintained high levels (p>0.0001) for storage period, whereas the loin from Hanwoo fed in Korea, Hanwoo fed in Japan and Wagyu were lowest levels. The number of E. coli were no significantly different among the samples. In lactic acid bacteria, the loin form 3 grade Hanwoo (K3) had highest levels (p<0.0001). Comparing to the protein extractability, water soluble proteins were high in chuck (p<0.001). In the case of loin, water soluble proteins of K3 (3 grade Hanwoo) and Wagyu were high as 3.010 mg/g and 2.977 mg/g, respectively (p<0.001). Salt soluble protein of K1 (1 grade Hanwoo) was high as 7.437 mg/g (p<0.0001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

In development of the processed food, it is important not only to make the food delicious but to enhance its storage span and thermal stability without change in color, which greatly affects the tastes. Protopectinase (PPase) from Bacillus subtilis EK11 hydrolyses or dissolves protopectin in the middle lamella of plant tissues with the resultant separation of plant cells from each other, called enzymatic maceration. With the PPase, persimmon was enzymatically macerated to separate cells to primary cell wall without damage. Recovery rates of persimmon treated with PPase and mechanical maceration were 95% and 85%, respectively. Total and reducing sugars, crude protein and fat in the enzymatic maceration were well preserved as in the mechanical maceration. Importantly, over 50% of vitamin C, which is the most unstable component during the mechanical maceration, remained with an intact form for one day after the enzymatic treatment. When the suspensions of persimmon macerated with both treatments were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 9 days, the mechanically macerated persimmon suspension was decolorized, whereas decolorization, was not found in the enzymatically macerated persimmon suspension. Moreover the mechanically macerated persimmon was greatly deteriorated after heat treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, whereas cells of the enzymatically separated persimmon suspension appeared to be stable, indicating increased thermal stability Thus, the PPase treatment of persimmon could be a better choice for preparation of highly valuable and functional processed food as well as for increase in preservation period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1992

Water extract, and free-, ester- and insoluble phenolic acids were extracted from wormwoods. The extracts were then dissolved in equal amounts of an edible soybean oil, and the resulting substrates, portion of the soybean oil (control), 0.02% BHA and 0.02% BHT were stored in incubator at $45^{\circ}C{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ for 32days. Peroxide values (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of control and the substrates were determined during th9 storage period. The POV of control, BHA, BHT and six substrates which were contained water extracts 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, and free-, ester- and insoluble phenolic acids after 24days of storage were 77, 43, 17, 38, 26, 34, 45, 28 and 16m mole/kg oil respectively, The TBA values after 32days of storage were 0.278, 0.170, 0.070, 0.200, 0.178, 0.235, 0.167, 0.136, 0.062, respectively, It was found that the antioxidant activity in water extracts was highest in water 1 (the substrates containing water extracts 1%). It was also found that antioxidant activities in the phenolic acids were decreased in the following order ; insoluble phenolic acids>ester form>free phenolic acids. The phenolic acids separated and tentatively identified by Gas chromatography were catechol, vanillin, umbelliferone, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid and syringic acid.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2013

This paper proposes a systematic methodology that could be used to decide which one shows the best performance among space filling curves (SFCs) in applying lower-dimensional transformations to histogram sequences. A histogram sequence represents a time-series converted from an image by the given SFC. Due to the high-dimensionality nature, histogram sequences are very difficult to be stored and searched in their original form. To solve this problem, we generally use lower-dimensional transformations, which produce lower bounds among high dimensional sequences, but the tightness of those lower-bounds is highly affected by the types of SFC. In this paper, we attack a challenging problem of evaluating which SFC shows the better performance when we apply the lower-dimensional transformation to histogram sequences. For this, we first present a concept of spatial locality, which comes from an intuition of "if the entries are adjacent in a histogram sequence, their corresponding cells should also be adjacent in its original image." We also propose spatial locality preservation metric (slpm in short) that quantitatively evaluates spatial locality and present its formal computation method. We then evaluate five SFCs from the perspective of slpm and verify that this evaluation result concurs with the performance evaluation of lower-dimensional transformations in real image matching. Finally, we perform k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) search based on lower-dimensional transformations and validate accuracy of the proposed slpm by providing that the Hilbert-order with the highest slpm also shows the best performance in k-NN search.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.590-598
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• 2004

The preconcentration and determination of trace Cu(II) and Pb(II) on calcium alginate beads in aqueous solution were studied. A calcium alginate beads were prepared by adding an alginic acid to sample solution contained Ca(II). Some following conditions were optimized: the pH of sample solution, amount of alginic acid, and stirring time for effective adsorption; the type and concentration of acid, and sonication time in an ultrasonic vibrator for the perfect de-sorption. A sample solution was prepared with Cu(II) and Pb(II) in DI water. And Ca(II) and ethanol was added into the sample solution. The pH of the final sample solution was controlled with buffer solution. The alginic acid were dispersed in the sample solution by a magnetic stirrer. This mixture was stored in room temperature for 30 min to form a calcium alginate. After the beads were filtered and washed on a membrane filter, the analytes were redissolved from the beads by an ultrasonic vibration of 10 minutes in 1.0M $HNO_3$ solution. The effect of diverse ions on the adsorption of analytes were studied. This procedure was applied for the analysis of two real samples. The recoveries in spiked samples were $90.4{\sim}104.3%$ for analytes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2018

Recently, as cloud services become popular with general users, users' information is freely transmitted and received among the information used in the cloud environment, so security problems related to user information disclosure are occurring. we propose a method to secure personal information of multiple users by making personal information stored in the cloud server and a key for accessing the shared information so that the privacy information of the multi users using the cloud service can be prevented in advance do. The first key used in the proposed scheme is a key for accessing the user 's personal information, and is used to operate the information related to the personal information in the form of a multi - layer. The second key is the key to accessing information that is open to other users than to personal information, and is necessary to associate with other users of the cloud. The proposed scheme is constructed to anonymize personal information with multiple hash chains to process multiple kinds of information used in the cloud environment. As a result of the performance evaluation, the proposed method works by allowing third parties to safely access and process the personal information of multiple users processed by the multi - type structure, resulting in a reduction of the personal information management cost by 13.4%. The efficiency of the proposed method is 19.5% higher than that of the existing method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.121-150
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• 2016

This paper reports the evaluation of six open-source software systems for participatory digital archives. This is an effort to create a digital platform for the social memory of No Gun Ri, which was first recognized in 1999 as a civilian massacre. The process of how it was reported and investigated is critical to understanding this brutal incident. In addition, the course of its cultural recovery has witnessed the reconstruction of the No Gun Ri memory. Thus, it is important to embrace the social memory around the massacre in these archives. In consideration of a virtual space for memory, this study takes the form of participatory archives to provide a mechanism in which anyone can share their memories. As a way to find a digital archives system for No Gun Ri, this study analyzed open-source software based on identified functions and requirements for participatory digital archives. Knowing the details of digital systems, this study discussed how contents for social memory can be stored and used in a digital system.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2012

Excavated archaeological iron objects are prevented from being corroded going through desalination which slow down being corroded. However archaeological iron objects are liable to be corroded due to the high ionization tendency even though they are stored in environment restricted from corrosion factors. Iron objects could be deteriorated more than just excavated. Therefore this study investigated about the characteristic of re-corrosion and the effect on objects. In study, archaeological iron nails in storage for 4 years after conservation treatments were tested. Optical microscopy and X-ray photography for appearance, XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy for chemical composition, IC for chloride ions concentration inside iron nails were used. As results, iron nails carried out conservation treatments measured a high concentration of chloride ions after the long storage period. The form of objects were not in good condition such as broken or destroyed when the high chloride ions concentration was detected. In addition, the yellow and red powdery corrosion product were detected on the boundary between corrosion products and substrates and they were identified as akaganeite which is symptom of active corrosion.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-77
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• 1993

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the probable organelles participating in the secretion of biligrafin. The animals (ICR male mice, 25-30gm) were divided into normal control and 6 biligrafin injected groups to which 30% biligrafin (0.006ml/gm b.w.) were injected at 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 min prior to the sampling. The mice of each group were perfused through the heart with ice-cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1M Na-cacodylate (pH. 7.4) under the Na-pentobarbital (Nembtal 0.0015mg/gm b.w.) anesthesia and liver tissues were taken from each group. Some specimens were immersed 1 hr in the same solution used in the perfusion. After an overnight rinse in 0.1M Na-cacodylate buffer containing 10% DMSO and 7.6% sucrose, $75{\mu}m$ fronzen sections were made for cytochemical study. The sections were incubated in thiamin pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and inosine diphosphatase (ID Pase) media for 70 min at $37^{\circ}C$ respectively and acid phosphatase (AcPase) medium for 40 min at $37^{\circ}C$. They were postfixed in 1 % $OsO_4$ for 1 hr. The other specimens were immersed for 8 hrs in the fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 3.0% paraformaldehyde buffered with Na-cacodylate (pH. 7.4). All of the osmificated specimens were processed for electron microscopy. In both normal and biligrafin injected groups, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuoles, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes were seen in the vicinity of bile canaliculus. In the biligrafin injected groups, however, the Golgi apparatus appeared to be decreased and ER and vacuoles were dilated and increased. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) having a few attached ribosomes appeared to be the round saccule, especially at 20 min after biligrafin injection. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) seemed to be formed by the detachment of ribosomes at the cisternal end of RER. The cistern of SER showed saccules which probably budded off to form the vacuole. The vacuoles were devoid of visible centents. This finding seemed to be in agreement with the biochemical property of the bile constituents. The fusion between the vacuoles and bile canaliculus were frequently seen in the groups injected with biligrafin. The lysosome did not show any changes in the biligrafin injected groups. Accumulation of some material and lipid droplets were seen at the 40 and 80 min after biligrafin injection, especially at the latter. At 160 and 320 min after biligrafin injections, however, they were decreased successively while the RER stack, free ribosomes and polysomes were increased. Although the reactive products of TPPase and IDPase were observed in the ER saccules and vesicles of the normal control and biligrafin injected groups, the fusion between the bile canaliculus and saccules or vesicles could easily be seen in the latter. The AcPase activity, however, was observed in the cistern at the maturing face of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in both normal and biligrafin groups. The results suggest that the biligrafin is excreted via the vesicles, vacuoles or sacoules probably derived from the SER without the participation of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, and the excess amount of material is stored as inclusions during the repairing of the organelles being overactive.